Release v2.14.0.9

The following are the changes in this release:

    Due to issues with clang and Apple Silicon, ARCH_CFLAGS is now,
    by default, empty:

	ARCH_CFLAGS=

    If you want to use, say, -march=native, then either change
    the Makefile or make with:

	make all ARCH_CFLAGS='-march=native'

    Added arch and hardware as GNU Makefile computed values.
    As with ${target}, ${arch} and ${hardware} is computed by uname:

	target: uname -a
	arch: uname -p
	hardware: uname -m

    Fixed compiling calc on Apple Silicon with homebrew.  On Apple
    Silicon, HomeBrew installs on into a different location.  The
    Makefile checks if ${hardware} is arm64 and adjusts the location
    of libraries such as readline and history accordingly.

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+#
+# ******** NOTE ********
+# We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check
+# the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of
+# supported CodeQL languages.
+#
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [ master ]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '41 1 * * 6'
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: [ 'cpp' ]
+        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python' ]
+        # Learn more:
+        # https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/finding-security-vulnerabilities-and-errors-in-your-code/configuring-code-scanning#changing-the-languages-that-are-analyzed
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.gitignore

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ sample_rand
 tags
 terminal.h
 ver_calc
+win32/
 
 # other commonly excluded patterns
 #

CHANGES

@@ -1,4 +1,256 @@
-The following are the changes from calc version 2.13.0.1 to date:
+The following are the changes from calc version 2.14.0.9 to date:
+
+    Due to issues with clang and Apple Silicon, ARCH_CFLAGS is now,
+    by default, empty:
+
+	ARCH_CFLAGS=
+
+    If you want to use, say, -march=native, then either change
+    the Makefile or make with:
+
+	make all ARCH_CFLAGS='-march=native'
+
+    Added arch and hardware as GNU Makefile computed values.
+    As with ${target}, ${arch} and ${hardware} is computed by uname:
+
+	target: uname -a
+	arch: uname -p
+	hardware: uname -m
+
+    Fixed compiling calc on Apple Silicon with homebrew.  On Apple
+    Silicon, HomeBrew installs on into a different location.  The
+    Makefile checks if ${hardware} is arm64 and adjusts the location
+    of libraries such as readline and history accordingly.
+
+
+The following are the changes from calc version 2.14.0.7 to 2.14.0.8:
+
+    Fizzbin is a better word. :-)
+
+    The help and man builtin commands now return an error when a
+    help file cannot be opened, such as when there is no help file.
+
+    Added palindrome.cal resource file.  For example, to find the
+    largest (highly probable) prime palindrome under 280 decimal
+    digits (text tweet limit):
+
+	prevprimepal(1e280)
+
+
+The following are the changes from calc version 2.14.0.0 to 2.14.0.6:
+
+    The :-separated default CALCRC value has been reversed.
+    The default CALCRC was:
+
+	${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup:~/.calcrc:./.calcinit
+
+    The default CALCRC is now:
+
+	./.calcinit:~/.calcrc:${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
+
+    See "help environment" for details.
+
+    Added engineering mode as per a GitHub pull request from
+    <GitHub user heitzmann>.  Thank you!  For example:
+
+	; config("mode","eng"),
+	; 10^41
+		100e39
+
+    or for example:
+
+	; base(1000),
+	; 2^23209-1
+		~402.87411577898877818187e6984
+
+    For more information see:
+
+	help base
+
+    Added regression test code for engineering mode.  Improved and
+    expanded regression test code related to the base() and base2()
+    builtin functions.
+
+    Fixed a critical bug in the above mentioned pull request where
+    a call to base2(1000) would make calc unstable and likely to
+    dump core.
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between degrees, radians
+    and gradians:
+
+	d2r(deg)	- given degrees returns radians
+	g2r(grad)	- given gradians returns radians
+
+	r2d(rad)	- given radians returns degrees
+	g2d(grad)	- given gradians returns degrees
+
+	r2g(rad)	- given radians returns gradians
+	d2g(deg)	- given degrees returns gradians
+
+    Add 6 functions take a 2nd optional epsilon argument.
+    For d2r(deg, ep), r2d(rad, ep), the optional 2nd epsilon argument controls
+    the precision of the internal constant pi/180.
+    For g2r(grad, ep), r2g(rad, ep), the optional 2nd epsilon argument controls
+    the precision of the internal constant pi/200.
+    The optional 2nd argument is ignored by g2d(grad, ep) and d2g(deg, ep).
+
+    The clean and clobber makefile rules no longer list custom/Makefile
+    as a dependecy.
+
+    Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between
+    Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make
+    is NOT recommended.  Sorry (tm Canada) :)
+
+    The clean and clobber makefile rules no longer list custom/Makefile
+    as a dependency.
+
+    Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between
+    Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make
+    is NOT recommended.  Sorry (tm Canada) :)
+
+    Fixed a few typos in CHANGES.
+
+    As a side note: We stayed v2.13.x was kept for only a short time.
+    The move to 2.14.x was motivated by non-compatible changes due to
+    the default order of CALCRC, plus some new builtin functions.
+
+    More changes are likely, so we might see another v2.14.0.x release
+    before things are declared "recommended stable".
+
+    Not that we want to discourage people from trying v2.14.0, you should
+    try it.  We just want things to become stable and well field tested
+    before we reach the "recommended stable" release state.
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between degrees and
+    degrees, minutes and seconds under the config("mod")
+    round rules:
+
+	d2dms(degs, d, m, s [,rnd]) - given degs, compute d, m, s
+	d2dm(degs, d, m [,rnd]) - given degs, compute d, m
+
+	See help/d2dms and help/d2dm.
+
+    Example:
+
+	; print d2dms(360.321,deg=,min=,sec=), deg, min, sec;
+	0.321 0 19 15.6
+
+	; print d2dm(360.321,deg=,min=), deg, min;
+	0.321 0 19.26
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between gradians and
+    gradians, minutes and seconds under the config("mod")
+    round rules:
+
+	g2gms(grads, g, m, s [,rnd]) - given grads, compute g, m, s
+	g2gm(grads, g, m [,rnd]) - given grads, compute g, m
+
+	See help/g2gms and help/g2gm.
+
+    Example:
+
+	; print g2gms(400.321,grad=,min=,sec=), grad, min, sec;
+	0.321 0 19 15.6
+
+	; print g2gm(400.321,grad=,min=), grad, min;
+	0.321 0 19.26
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between hours and
+    hours, minutes and seconds under the config("mod")
+    round rules:
+
+	h2hms(hours, h, m, s [,rnd]) - given hours, compute h, m, s
+	h2hm(hours, h, m [,rnd]) - given hours, compute h, m
+
+	See help/h2hms and help/h2hm.
+
+    Example:
+
+	; print h2hms(24.321,hour=,min=,sec=), hour, min, sec;
+	0.321 0 19 15.6
+
+	; print h2hm(24.321,hour=,min=), hour, min;
+	0.321 0 19.26
+
+    Renumbered regression tests 3408 thru 3437, to 9102 thru 9131.
+
+    Updated Added hms.cal resource file to use h2hms() builtin.
+    Updated Added dms.cal resource file to use d2dms() builtin.
+
+    Fix minor typo in help/mod SYNOPSIS.
+    Fix minor typo in help/quo SYNOPSIS.
+
+    Added a few more examples to help/strcmp.
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between degrees, minutes and
+    seconds and degrees under the config("mod") round rules:
+
+	dms2d(d, m, s [,rnd]) - convert deg, min, and secs to deg
+	dm2d(d, m [,rnd]) - convert deg, min to deg
+
+	See help/dms2d and help/dm2d.
+
+    Example:
+
+	; print dms2d(12, 20, 44.16);
+	12.3456
+
+	; print dm2d(3601, -25.5594);
+	0.57401
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between gradians, minutes and
+    seconds and gradians under the config("mod") round rules:
+
+	gms2g(g, m, s [,rnd]) - convert grad, min, and secs to grad
+	gm2g(g, m [,rnd]) - convert grad and min to grad
+
+	See help/g2gms and help/g2gm.
+
+    Example:
+
+	; print gms2g(12, 20, 44.16);
+	12.3456
+
+	; print gm2g(4001, -25.5594);
+	0.57401
+
+    Added builtin functions to convert between hours, minutes and
+    seconds and hours under the config("mod") round rules:
+
+	hms2h(h, m, s [,rnd]) - convert hours, min, and secs to hours
+	hm2h(h, m [,rnd]) - convert hours, min to hours
+
+	See help/hms2h and help/hm2h.
+
+    Example:
+
+	; print hms2h(12, 20, 44.16);
+	12.3456
+
+	; print hm2h(241, -25.5594);
+	0.57401
+
+    Fixed typo in cal/statistics.cal thanks to a report by <GitHub user
+    dennisaldea>.
+
+    Fixed an old Windoz pun in README.WINDOWS as requested by <GitHub
+    user marcodegio>.
+
+    Fixed a really obscure bug in the internal initconstants()
+    function of const.c that has been sitting for over 31 years!
+
+	We are amazed that nobody has encountered this bug before
+	now.  Nevertheless, our very extensive regression and
+	multi-architecture testing found the bug.  Now, after all
+	those years, it is fixed.
+
+    Fixed issues identied by the default CodeUL GitHub security code scan:
+
+	Wrong type of arguments to printf in have_fpos_pos.c
+	Multiplication result converted to larger type in zfunc.c
+
+
+The following are the changes from calc version 2.13.0.1 to 2.13.0.1:
 
     Replaced /usr/local with the use of ${PREFIX} in calc Makefiles.
 
@@ -31,11 +283,11 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.13.0.1 to date:
     Updated HOWTO.INSTALL to mention Makefile.local.
 
 
-The following are the changes from calc version 2.13.0.0 to date:
+The following are the changes from calc version 2.13.0.0 to 2.13.0.0:
 
     Fixed typo (missing quotes) in the env rule.
 
-    Fixed intendation problem in CHANGES.
+    Fixed indentation problem in CHANGES.
 
     Combined 2.12.9.1 changes into the 2.12.8.2 to 2.12.9.0
     range, and thus renamed the range to 2.12.8.2 to 2.12.9.1.
@@ -71,7 +323,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.13.0.0 to date:
 	#!/usr/local/bin/calc -f
 	...
 
-    It is common that -q be usde with a calc script, so assuming the
+    It is common that -q be used with a calc script, so assuming the
     same /usr/local/bin/calc path:
 
 	#!/usr/local/bin/calc -q -f
@@ -615,7 +867,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.5.4 to 2.12.5.6:
     Rewrote gen_v1() in the lucas.cal resource file using the method
     based on a paper:
 
- 	"A note on primality tests for N = h*2^n-1", by Oystein J. Rodseth,
+	"A note on primality tests for N = h*2^n-1", by Oystein J. Rodseth,
 	Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, BIT Numerical
 	Mathematics. 34 (3): pp 451-454.
 
@@ -674,13 +926,13 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.5.3 to 2.12.5.3:
     macOS (Darwin) users who installed calc version 2.12.5.2
     should, after installing version 2.12.5.3:
 
-    	rm -rf /opt/calc
+	rm -rf /opt/calc
 
 
 The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.5.1 to 2.12.5.2:
 
     NOTE: calc version 2.12.5.2, for macOS (Darwin) users,
-    	  installed under /opt/calc.  We neglected to mention this
+	  installed under /opt/calc.  We neglected to mention this
 	  AND /usr/local would have been a better choice.  Sorry!
 	  Fixed in calc version 2.12.5.3.
 
@@ -753,7 +1005,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.4.14 to 2.12.5.0:
 
     For Apple OS X / Darwin target:
 
-    	MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET is no longer defined
+	MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET is no longer defined
 	using clang compiler
 
 	By default, -install-name is used when forming shared libs.
@@ -797,9 +1049,9 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.4.14 to 2.12.5.0:
     for mul2, sq2, and pow2.  However, it has been shown that this
     code is not correct.  Suggestions for a replacement are welcome!
 
-   	calc -u 'read alg_config; config("user_debug", 2),; best_mul2();'
-   	calc -u 'read alg_config; config("user_debug", 2),; best_sq2();'
-   	calc -u 'read alg_config; config("user_debug", 2),; best_pow2();'
+	calc -u 'read alg_config; config("user_debug", 2),; best_mul2();'
+	calc -u 'read alg_config; config("user_debug", 2),; best_sq2();'
+	calc -u 'read alg_config; config("user_debug", 2),; best_pow2();'
 
     Fixed a number of pedantic compiler warnings.
 
@@ -966,7 +1218,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.4.6 to version 2.12.4.10:
     With the exception of 3 source files, we became "picky" about
     line lengths and other issues reported by the picky tool:
 
-    	cal/test8900.cal
+	cal/test8900.cal
 	cal/set8700.line
 	help/errorcodes.sed
 
@@ -1022,7 +1274,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.4.0 to 2.12.4.2:
     Added prep makefile rule to make is easier to compile calc without
     an optimizer.  By doing:
 
-    	make clobber prep
+	make clobber prep
 
     one may build a calc binary that is easier to debug.
 
@@ -1179,7 +1431,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.1 to 2.12.2.2:
     what was calc-something.tar.gz is now calc-something.tar.bz2.
     To "uncompress" use:
 
-    	bunzip2 calc-something.tar.bz2
+	bunzip2 calc-something.tar.bz2
 
     On some systems, one may untar directly by:
 
@@ -1244,7 +1496,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.10 to 2.12.2:
     Renamed the following variables related to calc error processing:
 
 	int calc_jmp		==>    int calc_use_matherr_jmpbuf
-    	jmp_buf calc_jmp_buf	==>    jmp_buf calc_matherr_jmpbuf
+	jmp_buf calc_jmp_buf	==>    jmp_buf calc_matherr_jmpbuf
 
 	int post_init		==>    int calc_use_scanerr_jmpbuf
 	jmp_buf jmpbuf		==>    jmpbuf calc_scanerr_jmpbuf
@@ -1259,7 +1511,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.10 to 2.12.2:
     Parse/scan errors will not be printed if calc_print_scanerr_msg
     is zero.  By default:
 
-    	int calc_print_scanerr_msg = 1;
+	int calc_print_scanerr_msg = 1;
 
     This variable is declared in the lib_calc.h include file.  Storage
     comes from libcalc.
@@ -1267,7 +1519,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.10 to 2.12.2:
     Parse/scan warnings will not be printed if calc_print_scanwarn_msg
     is zero.  By default:
 
-    	int calc_print_scanwarn_msg = 1;
+	int calc_print_scanwarn_msg = 1;
 
     This variable is declared in the lib_calc.h include file.  Storage
     comes from libcalc.
@@ -1303,13 +1555,13 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.10 to 2.12.2:
     Replaced the concept of compiler sets in the Makefile with
     host target section in the Makefile.  Initial host targets are:
 
-    	Linux
+	Linux
 	Darwin
 	FreeBSD
 	(default)	<<== Target does not match any previous target name
 	Simple
 
-    	NOTE: If your target is not supported below and the default target
+	NOTE: If your target is not supported below and the default target
 	      is not suitable for your needs, please send to the:
 
 	      	calc-contrib at asthe dot com
@@ -1321,12 +1573,12 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.10 to 2.12.2:
     The custom/Makefile is now constructed from 3 parts: custom/Makefile.head,
     the host target section in Makefile, and the custom/Makefile.tail.
 
-    The top level Makefile and the custom/Makefile require a GNU Make
+    The top level Makefile and the custom/Makefile require a GNU make
     (such as gmake) or an equivalently advanced make.  On many targets,
     the default make is sufficient.  On FreeBSD for example, one must
     use gmake instead of make.
 
-    If your target system does not have GNU Make (or equivalent), then
+    If your target system does not have GNU make (or equivalent), then
     you should try using the Makefile.simple and custom/Makefile.simple
     files:
 
@@ -1457,7 +1709,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.8 to 2.12.1.9:
     comments.  Improved calc comment documentation in "help unexpected"
     to help other avoid similar mistakes.  Calc comments are of the form:
 
-    	/* c style comments */
+	/* c style comments */
 	/*
 	 * multi-line
 	 * comments
@@ -1471,7 +1723,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.1.8 to 2.12.1.9:
 
     Documented these help commands in "help help":
 
-    	help ->
+	help ->
 	help *
 	help .
 	help %
@@ -1652,7 +1904,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.0 to 2.12.0.8:
     Added the builtin function fpathopen() to open a file while
     searching along a path:
 
-    	; fd2 = fpathopen("tmp/date", "r", ".:~:~sc:/tmp:/var/tmp:/var")
+	; fd2 = fpathopen("tmp/date", "r", ".:~:~sc:/tmp:/var/tmp:/var")
 	; print fd2
 	"/var/tmp/date"
 
@@ -1702,12 +1954,12 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.0 to 2.12.0.8:
     level.  When comparing with older source, one may use the -b argument
     of the diff command to ignore changes in amount of white space:
 
-    	diff -b -r -u calc-2.11.11 calc-2.12.0
+	diff -b -r -u calc-2.11.11 calc-2.12.0
 
     The read, write, and help commands use the value of global string
     variable if the symbol name starts with a $.  For example:
 
-    	global x = "lucas.cal";
+	global x = "lucas.cal";
 	read $x;	/* same as read lucas.cal or read "lucas.cal" */
 
     Added dotest.cal resource.  Based on a design by Ernest Bowen
@@ -1817,7 +2069,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.0 to 2.12.0.8:
 
     Changed the default values for the following config() parameters:
 
-    	config("mul2") == 1780
+	config("mul2") == 1780
 	config("sq2") == 3388
 	config("pow2") == 176
 
@@ -1912,10 +2164,10 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.0 to 2.12.0.8:
     value is TRUE by default.  Examples of variable name collisions
     include when:
 
-    	* both local and static variables have the same name
-    	* both local and global variables have the same name
-    	* both function parameter and local variables have the same name
-    	* both function parameter and global variables have the same name
+	* both local and static variables have the same name
+	* both local and global variables have the same name
+	* both function parameter and local variables have the same name
+	* both function parameter and global variables have the same name
 
     Fix of a bug which causes some static variables not to be correctly
     unscoped when their identifiers are used in a global declaration.
@@ -1935,7 +2187,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.0 to 2.12.0.8:
     Changed the definition of the function ssq() to enable list arguments
     to be processed in the same way as in sum().  For example:
 
-    	ssq(1,2, list(3,4,list(5,6)), list(), 7, 8)
+	ssq(1,2, list(3,4,list(5,6)), list(), 7, 8)
 
     returns the value of 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + 8^2 == 204.
 
@@ -1943,7 +2195,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.12.0 to 2.12.0.8:
     various ways of evaluating sums, sums of squares, etc, for large
     lists and matrices.  For example:
 
-    	read sumtimes
+	read sumtimes
 	doalltimes(1e6)
 
     Calc now ignores carriage returns (\r), vertical tabs (\v), and
@@ -1982,7 +2234,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.10.1 to 2.11.11:
 
     Fixed a bug reported by the sourceforge user: cedars where:
 
-    	ln(exp(6)) == 3		/* WRONG!!! */
+	ln(exp(6)) == 3		/* WRONG!!! */
 
     incorrectly returned 1.  This bug was fixed by Ernest Bowen
     <ebowen at une dot edu dot au>.  The regression test
@@ -2087,7 +2339,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.10 to 2.11.10:
 
     Fixed -d so that:
 
-    	calc -d 2/3
+	calc -d 2/3
 
     will print 0.66666666666666666667 without the leading tilde as
     advertised in the man page.
@@ -2107,7 +2359,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.10 to 2.11.10:
 
     Added custom function:
 
-    	custom("pmodm127", q)
+	custom("pmodm127", q)
 
     to compute 2^(2^127-1) mod q.  While currently slower than just
     doing pmod(2,2^127-1,q), it is added to give an example of a
@@ -2198,7 +2450,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.8.0 to 2.11.8.1:
     configuration (calc -n or config("all", "newstd")) is now the default
     calc configuration.  The flag:
 
-    	calc -O
+	calc -O
 
     was added to get the old classic calc configuration.  The flag command
     line flag, -n, now does nothing.  Use of -n is deprecated and may go
@@ -2375,16 +2627,16 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.5.5 to 2.11.5.9:
 
     Now using version numbers of one of these forms:
 
-    	x.y.z.w
-    	x.y.z
-    	x.y
+	x.y.z.w
+	x.y.z
+	x.y
 
     Changed the READLINE_LIB Makefile variable to not link with -lreadline
     by default.  If you do have readline, we recommend that you use it.
     If you can install the GNU readline:
 
 	http://freshmeat.net/projects/gnureadline/
-    	http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html
+	http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html
 
     we recommend it.  But if not, you should set the USE_READLINE,
     READLINE_LIB, and READLINE_INCLUDE Makefile variables to empty.
@@ -2456,7 +2708,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.5t4.1 to 2.11.5t4.4:
     Added subject requirements for the calc-tester-request and
     calc-bugs-mail Email aliases.  See:
 
-    	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/email.html
+	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/email.html
 
     for details.
 
@@ -2623,7 +2875,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.5t2 to 2.11.5t2.1:
     Applied a bug fix from Ernest Bowen <ernie at turing dot une dot
     edu dot au> dealing with one-line "static" declaration like:
 
-    	static a = 1, b;
+	static a = 1, b;
 
     Added regression test 8310 to test for the static bug fix.
 
@@ -2736,7 +2988,7 @@ The following are the changes from calc version 2.11.5t0 to 2.11.5t1.1:
     Configuration values that used to return "true" or "false" now return
     1 (a true value) or 0 (a false value).  Thus one can do:
 
-    	if (config("tab")) { ... } else { ... }
+	if (config("tab")) { ... } else { ... }
 
     The configuration values that now return 1 or 0 are:
 

HOWTO.INSTALL

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 IMPORTANT: Please see the section at the bottom of this file for
 	   some important information on Makefiles used in calc.
 
+###################################################################
+# IMPORTANT: DO NOT run GNU make in parallel mode!!!		  #
+###################################################################
+# Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between	  #
+# Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make  #
+# is NOT recommended.  Sorry (tm Canada) :)			  #
+###################################################################
+
 Installing calc from the bzip2-ed tarball in 4 easy steps:
 
     (0)  If your platform supports i686 RPMs, you may want to go to:

Makefile

@@ -35,11 +35,23 @@
 # calculator by David I. Bell with help/mods from others
 # Makefile by Landon Curt Noll
 
+# Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between
+# Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make
+# is NOT recommended.  Sorry.
+#
+.NOTPARALLEL:
+
 # Try uname -s if the target was not already set on the make command line
 #
 ifeq ($(target),)
 target=$(shell uname -s 2>/dev/null)
 endif
+ifeq ($(arch),)
+arch=$(shell uname -p 2>/dev/null)
+endif
+ifeq ($(hardware),)
+hardware=$(shell uname -m 2>/dev/null)
+endif
 
 # The shell used by this Makefile
 #
@@ -129,15 +141,31 @@ USE_READLINE= -DUSE_READLINE
 #READLINE_LIB= -L/usr/gnu/lib -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
 #READLINE_LIB= -L${PREFIX}/lib -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
 ifeq ($(target),Darwin)
-# homebrew installs readline & history libs in ${PREFIX}/opt/readline/lib
+ifeq ($(hardware),arm64)
+# Darwin arm64 homebrew installs readline & history
+#	libs in /opt/homebrew/opt/readline/lib
+READLINE_LIB= -L/opt/homebrew/opt/readline/lib -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
+else
+# Assume Darwin non-arm64 is x86_64
+# Darwin x86_64 homebrew installs readline & history
+#	libs in ${PREFIX}/opt/readline/lib
 READLINE_LIB= -L${PREFIX}/opt/readline/lib -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
+endif
 else
 READLINE_LIB= -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
 endif
 #
 ifeq ($(target),Darwin)
-# homebrew installs readline & history *.h under ${PREFIX}/opt/readline/include
+ifeq ($(hardware),arm64)
+# Darwin arm64 homebrew installs readline & history *.h
+#	under /opt/homebrew/opt/readline/include
+READLINE_INCLUDE= -I${PREFIX}/opt/homebrew/opt/readline/include
+else
+# Assume Darwin non-arm64 is x86_64
+# Darwin x86_64 homebrew installs readline & history *.h
+#	under ${PREFIX}/opt/readline/include
 READLINE_INCLUDE= -I${PREFIX}/opt/readline/include
+endif
 else
 READLINE_INCLUDE=
 endif

Makefile.ship

@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ SHELL= /bin/sh
 
 
 #if 0	/* start of skip for non-Gnu makefiles */
+
+# Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between
+# Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make
+# is NOT recommended.  Sorry.
+#
+.NOTPARALLEL:
+
 ##############################################################################
 #-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Identify the target machine, if possible -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-#
 ##############################################################################
@@ -72,6 +79,12 @@ SHELL= /bin/sh
 ifeq ($(target),)
 target=$(shell uname -s 2>/dev/null)
 endif
+ifeq ($(arch),)
+arch=$(shell uname -p 2>/dev/null)
+endif
+ifeq ($(hardware),)
+hardware=$(shell uname -m 2>/dev/null)
+endif
 #endif	/* end of skip for non-Gnu makefiles */
 
 ##############################################################################
@@ -1007,10 +1020,10 @@ endif
 # If the $CALCRC environment variable is not defined, then the following
 # path will be searched for calc resource files.
 #
-# Select CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup;~/.calcrc;./.calcinit for DJGPP.
+# Select CALCRC= ./.calcinit:~/.calcrc:${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup for DJGPP.
 #
-CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup:~/.calcrc:./.calcinit
-#CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup;~/.calcrc;./.calcinit
+CALCRC= ./.calcinit:~/.calcrc:${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
+#CALCRC= ./.calcinit;~/.calcrc;${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
 
 # Determine of the GNU-readline facility will be used instead of the
 # builtin calc binding method.
@@ -1198,7 +1211,7 @@ EXT=
 
 # The default calc versions
 #
-VERSION= 2.13.0.1
+VERSION= 2.14.0.9
 
 # Names of shared libraries with versions
 #
@@ -1273,8 +1286,8 @@ EXTRA_LDFLAGS=
 # The ARCH_CFLAGS are ${CC} when compiling C files. They follow
 # CCMISC and precede EXTRA_CFLAGS.
 #
-ARCH_CFLAGS= -march=native
-#ARCH_CFLAGS=
+ARCH_CFLAGS=
+#ARCH_CFLAGS= -march=native
 
 # COMMON_CFLAGS are the common ${CC} flags used for all programs, both
 #	    intermediate and final calc and calc related programs
@@ -1794,7 +1807,7 @@ CALCPATH= .;./cal;~/.cal;${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR};${T}${CUSTOMCALDIR}
 else
 CALCPATH= .;./cal;~/.cal;${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}
 endif
-CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup;~/.calcrc;./.calcinit
+CALCRC= ./.calcinit;~/.calcrc;${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
 #
 BLD_TYPE= calc-static-only
 #
@@ -4831,7 +4844,7 @@ tags: ${CALCSRC} ${LIBSRC} ${H_SRC} ${BUILD_H_SRC} ${MAKE_FILE}
 	-${CTAGS} ${CALCSRC} ${LIBSRC} ${H_SRC} ${BUILD_H_SRC} 2>&1 | \
 	    ${GREP} -v 'Duplicate entry|Second entry ignored'
 
-clean: custom/Makefile
+clean:
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= ${MAKE_FILE} start of $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 	${RM} -f ${LIBOBJS}
 	${RM} -f ${CALCOBJS}
@@ -4852,6 +4865,7 @@ clean: custom/Makefile
 	cd custom; ${MAKE} -f Makefile ${CUSTOM_PASSDOWN} clean
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Back to the main Makefile for $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Invoking $@ rule for cscript =-=-=-=-='
+	${MAKE} custom/Makefile
 	cd cscript; ${MAKE} -f Makefile ${CSCRIPT_PASSDOWN} clean
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Back to the main Makefile for $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 	${Q} echo remove files that are obsolete
@@ -4861,7 +4875,7 @@ clean: custom/Makefile
 	${RM} -f win32dll.h have_malloc.h math_error.h string.h string.c
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= ${MAKE_FILE} end of $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 
-clobber: clean custom/Makefile
+clobber: clean
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= ${MAKE_FILE} start of $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 	${RM} -f ${SAMPLE_TARGETS}
 	${RM} -f ${SAMPLE_STATIC_TARGETS}
@@ -4898,6 +4912,7 @@ clobber: clean custom/Makefile
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Back to the main Makefile for $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Invoking $@ rule for custom =-=-=-=-='
 	-${RM} -f custom/all; \
+	    ${MAKE} custom/Makefile; \
 	    cd custom; ${MAKE} -f Makefile ${CUSTOM_PASSDOWN} $@
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Back to the main Makefile for $@ rule =-=-=-=-='
 	${V} echo '=-=-=-=-= Invoking $@ rule for cscript =-=-=-=-='

README.WINDOWS

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Dear calc user on a Windoz based system,
+Dear calc user on a Windows based system,
 
 See the HOWTO.INSTALL file for information on how to build and install calc.
 See also the README file.
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ recommends the following settings:
 	CATDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/man/cat1
 	NROFF= groff
 	CALCPATH= .;./cal;~/.cal;${CALC_SHAREDIR};${CUSTOMCALDIR}
-	CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup;~/.calcrc;./.calcinit
+	CALCRC= ./.calcinit;~/.calcrc;${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
 	CALCPAGER= less.exe -ci
 	DEBUG= -O2 -gstabs+ -DWINDOZ
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+Use this section to tell people about which versions of your project are
+currently being supported with security updates.
+
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 5.1.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+| 5.0.x   | :x:                |
+| 4.0.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+| < 4.0   | :x:                |
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Use this section to tell people how to report a vulnerability.
+
+Tell them where to go, how often they can expect to get an update on a
+reported vulnerability, what to expect if the vulnerability is accepted or
+declined, etc.

cal/Makefile

@@ -275,17 +275,17 @@ CALC_FILES= README alg_config.cal beer.cal bernoulli.cal \
 	constants.cal deg.cal dms.cal dotest.cal ellip.cal factorial.cal \
 	factorial2.cal gvec.cal hello.cal hms.cal infinities.cal intfile.cal \
 	intnum.cal lambertw.cal linear.cal lnseries.cal lucas.cal \
-	lucas_chk.cal mersenne.cal mfactor.cal mod.cal natnumset.cal pell.cal \
-	pi.cal pix.cal pollard.cal poly.cal prompt.cal psqrt.cal qtime.cal \
-	quat.cal randbitrun.cal randmprime.cal randombitrun.cal randomrun.cal \
-	randrun.cal regress.cal repeat.cal screen.cal seedrandom.cal \
-	set8700.cal set8700.line smallfactors.cal solve.cal \
-	specialfunctions.cal statistics.cal strings.cal sumsq.cal sumtimes.cal \
-	surd.cal test1700.cal test2300.cal test2600.cal test2700.cal \
-	test3100.cal test3300.cal test3400.cal test3500.cal test4000.cal \
-	test4100.cal test4600.cal test5100.cal test5200.cal test8400.cal \
-	test8500.cal test8600.cal test8900.cal toomcook.cal unitfrac.cal \
-	varargs.cal xx_print.cal zeta2.cal
+	lucas_chk.cal mersenne.cal mfactor.cal mod.cal natnumset.cal \
+	palindrome.cal pell.cal pi.cal pix.cal pollard.cal poly.cal prompt.cal \
+	psqrt.cal qtime.cal quat.cal randbitrun.cal randmprime.cal \
+	randombitrun.cal randomrun.cal randrun.cal regress.cal repeat.cal \
+	screen.cal seedrandom.cal set8700.cal set8700.line smallfactors.cal \
+	solve.cal specialfunctions.cal statistics.cal strings.cal sumsq.cal \
+	sumtimes.cal surd.cal test1700.cal test2300.cal test2600.cal \
+	test2700.cal test3100.cal test3300.cal test3400.cal test3500.cal \
+	test4000.cal test4100.cal test4600.cal test5100.cal test5200.cal \
+	test8400.cal test8500.cal test8600.cal test8900.cal toomcook.cal \
+	unitfrac.cal varargs.cal xx_print.cal zeta2.cal
 
 # These calc files are now obsolete and are removed by the install rule.
 #

cal/README

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ bernoulli.cal
     Calculate the nth Bernoulli number.
 
     NOTE: There is now a bernoulli() builtin function.  This file is
-    	  left here for backward compatibility and now simply returns
+	  left here for backward compatibility and now simply returns
 	  the builtin function.
 
 
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ lucas.cal
     prove that h*2^n-1 is prime or not prime.
 
     NOTE: Some call this term u(0).  The function gen_u0(h, n, v1)
-    	  simply calls gen_u2(h, n, v1) for such people.  :-)
+	  simply calls gen_u2(h, n, v1) for such people.  :-)
 
     gen_v1(h, v)
 
@@ -879,6 +879,38 @@ natnumset.cal
     user-specified bound.
 
 
+palindrome.cal
+
+    digitof(val,place)
+    copalplace(d,place)
+    upperhalf(val)
+    mkpal(val)
+    mkpalmiddigit(val,digit)
+    ispal(val)
+    nextpal(val)
+    prevpal(val)
+    nextprimepal(val)
+    prevprimepal(val)
+
+    Functions to form and manipulate palendromes in base 10.
+
+    Important functions are:
+
+	Find the next / previous palindrome:
+
+	    nextpal(val)
+	    prevpal(val)
+
+	Test if a value is a palindrome:
+
+	    ispal(val)
+
+	Find the next / previous palindrome that is a (highly probable) prime:
+
+	    nextprimepal(val)
+	    prevprimepal(val)
+
+
 pell.cal
 
     pellx(D)
@@ -1435,7 +1467,7 @@ sumtimes.cal
     the list or matrix to use.  The doalltimes() function will run
     all of the sumtimes tests.  For example:
 
-    	doalltimes(1e6);
+	doalltimes(1e6);
 
 
 surd.cal

cal/alg_config.cal

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ define best_mul2()
      */
     while (low+1 < high) {
 
-    	/* try the mid-point */
+	/* try the mid-point */
 	mid = int((low+high)/2);
 	if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
 	    printf("testing multiply alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n", mid);
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ define best_sq2()
      */
     while (low+1 < high) {
 
-    	/* try the mid-point */
+	/* try the mid-point */
 	mid = int((low+high)/2);
 	if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
 	    printf("testing square alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n", mid);
@@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ define best_pow2()
      */
     while (low+1 < high) {
 
-    	/* try the mid-point */
+	/* try the mid-point */
 	mid = int((low+high)/2);
 	if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
 	    printf("testing pow2 alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n", mid);

cal/chi.cal

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ define Z(x, eps_term)
 
     /* obtain the error term */
     if (isnull(eps_term)) {
-    	eps = epsilon();
+	eps = epsilon();
     } else {
 	eps = eps_term;
     }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ define P(x, eps_term)
 
     /* obtain the error term */
     if (isnull(eps_term)) {
-    	eps = epsilon();
+	eps = epsilon();
     } else {
 	eps = eps_term;
     }

cal/dms.cal

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ define dms_abs(a)
 
     /* firewall - just absolute value non dms objects */
     if (! istype(a, ans)) {
-    	return abs(a);
+	return abs(a);
     }
 
     /* compute degrees */
@@ -352,24 +352,8 @@ define fixdms(a)
 	quit "attempt to fix a non dms object";
     }
 
-    /* force minutes to be integral */
-    a.min += frac(a.deg) * 60;
-    a.deg = int(a.deg);
-
-    /* force degrees to be integral */
-    a.sec += frac(a.min) * 60;
-    a.min = int(a.min);
-
-    /* carry excess seconds into minutes */
-    a.min += a.sec // 60;
-    a.sec %= 60;
-
-    /* carry excess minutes into degrees */
-    a.deg += a.min // 60;
-    a.min %= 60;
-
-    /* round degrees :-) */
-    a.deg %= 360;
+    /* use builtin d2dms function */
+    d2dms(a.deg + a.min/60 + a.sec/3600, a.deg, a.min, a.sec),;
 
     /* return normalized result */
     return a;

cal/dotest.cal

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ define dotest(dotest_file, dotest_code = 0, dotest_maxcond = -1)
      * test the close of the line file
      */
     printf("%d-: detected %d error condition(s), many of which may be OK\n",
-    	   dotest_code, dotest_old_errcount-dotest_errcnt);
+	   dotest_code, dotest_old_errcount-dotest_errcnt);
     printf("%d-: closing line file: %d\n", dotest_code, dotest_file);
     fclose(dotest_f_file);
 

cal/factorial2.cal

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ define __CZ__factor_factorial(n,start){
   if(start){
     if(!isint(start) && start < 0 && start > n)
       return newerror("__CZ__factor_factorial(n,start): value of "
-      		      "parameter 'start' out of range");
+		      "parameter 'start' out of range");
     if(start == n && isprime(n)){
       prime_list = mat[1 , 2];
       prime_list[0,0] = n;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ define __CZ__factor_factorial(n,start){
     }
     else if(!isprime(start) && nextprime(start) >n)
       return newerror("__CZ__factor_factorial(n,start): value of parameter "
-      		      "'start' out of range");
+		      "'start' out of range");
     else{
       if(!isprime(start))  prime = nextprime(start);
       else prime = start;
@@ -225,11 +225,11 @@ define __CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix,stop){
 
   if(!ismat(matrix))
    return newerror("__CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix): "
-   		   "argument matrix not a matrix ");
+		   "argument matrix not a matrix ");
   if(!matrix[0,0])
     return
       newerror("__CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix): "
-      	       "matrix[0,0] is null/0");
+	       "matrix[0,0] is null/0");
 
   if(!isnull(stop))
     pix = stop;
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ define bigcatalan(n){
 
 /*
   df(-111) = -1/3472059605858239446587523014902616804783337112829102414124928
-  		7753332469144201839599609375
+		7753332469144201839599609375
 
  df(-3+1i) = 0.12532538977287649201-0.0502372106177184607i
  df(2n + 1) = (2*n)!/(n!*2^n)
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ define doublefactorial(n){
         */
        eps=epsilon(epsilon()*1e-2);
        ret =  2^(n/2-1/4 * cos(pi()* n)+1/4) * pi()^(1/4 *
-       	      cos(pi()* n)-1/4)* gamma(n/2+1);
+	      cos(pi()* n)-1/4)* gamma(n/2+1);
        epsilon(eps);
        return ret;
     }

cal/hms.cal

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ define hms_abs(a)
 
     /* firewall - just absolute value non hms objects */
     if (! istype(a, ans)) {
-    	return abs(a);
+	return abs(a);
     }
 
     /* compute hours */
@@ -352,24 +352,8 @@ define fixhms(a)
 	quit "attempt to fix a non hms object";
     }
 
-    /* force minutes to be integral */
-    a.min += frac(a.hour) * 60;
-    a.hour = int(a.hour);
-
-    /* force hours to be integral */
-    a.sec += frac(a.min) * 60;
-    a.min = int(a.min);
-
-    /* carry excess seconds into minutes */
-    a.min += a.sec // 60;
-    a.sec %= 60;
-
-    /* carry excess minutes into hours */
-    a.hour += a.min // 60;
-    a.min %= 60;
-
-    /* round hours by day */
-    a.hour %= 24;
+    /* use builtin h2hms function */
+    h2hms(a.hour + a.min/60 + a.sec/3600, a.hour, a.min, a.sec),;
 
     /* return normalized result */
     return a;

cal/intfile.cal

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ define be2file(v, filename)
      */
     octlen = int((highbit(v)+8) / 8);
     for (i=octlen-1; i >= 0; --i) {
-    	fputc(fd, char(v >> (i*8)));
+	fputc(fd, char(v >> (i*8)));
     }
 
     /*

cal/lucas.cal

@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
- 	/*
+	/*
 	 * Check for jacobi(x-2, h*2^n-1) == 1	(Ref4, condition 1) part 1
 	 */
 	testval = h*2^n-1;
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
- 	/*
+	/*
 	 * Check for jacobi(x+2, h*2^n-1) == -1	(Ref4, condition 1) part 2
 	 */
 	if (jacobi(x+2, testval) != -1) {

cal/palindrome.cal

@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+/*
+ * palindrome - palindrome utilities
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+ *
+ * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+ * distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+ * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * Under source code control:	2021/11/06 14:35:37
+ * File existed as early as:	2021
+ *
+ * Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * digitof - return the a digit of a value
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	value to find a digit of
+ *	place	digit place
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	value (>= 0 and < 10) that is the place-th digit of val
+ *	or 0 if place is not a digit of val
+ */
+define digitof(val, place)
+{
+    local d;	/* length of val in digits */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+
+    /* firewall - return 0 if digit place doesn't exist */
+    if (place < 1 || place > d) {
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* return the place-th digit of val as a single digit */
+    return  (val // (10^(place-1))) % 10;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * copalplace - determine the other place in a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	d	digits of a value
+ *	place	digit place
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	given palindrome val, the other digit paired with place
+ *	or 0 if place is not a digit of val
+ */
+define copalplace(d, place)
+{
+    /* firewall - return 0 if digit place doesn't exist */
+    if (d < 1 || place < 1 || place > d) {
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* return digit coplace */
+    return d+1 - place;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * upperhalf - return the upper half of a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * NOTE: When the value has an odd number of digits, the upper half
+ *	 includes the middle digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	the upper half digits of a value
+ */
+define upperhalf(val)
+{
+    local d;		/* length of val in digits */
+    local halfd;	/* length of upper hand of val */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+    halfd = d // 2;
+
+    /* return upper half */
+    return (val // 10^halfd);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * mkpal - make a value into a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	val as a palindrome with lower half being reverse digits of val
+ */
+define mkpal(val)
+{
+    local d;	/* length of val in digits */
+    local i;	/* counter */
+    local ret;	/* palindrome being formed */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+
+    /* insert digits in reverse order at the bottom */
+    ret = val;
+    for (i=0; i < d; ++i) {
+	ret = ret*10 + digit(val, i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * mkpalmiddigit - make a value into a palindrome with a middle digit
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *	digit	the digit to put into the middle of the palindrome
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	val as a palindrome with lower half being reverse digits of val
+ *		and digit as a middle digit
+ */
+define mkpalmiddigit(val, digit)
+{
+    local d;	/* length of val in digits */
+    local i;	/* counter */
+    local ret;	/* palindrome being formed */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+
+    /* insert digits in reverse order at the bottom */
+    ret = val*10 + digit;
+    for (i=0; i < d; ++i) {
+	ret = ret*10 + digit(val, i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * ispal - determine if a value is a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	1 ==> val is a palindrome
+ * 	0 ==> val is NOT a palindrome
+ */
+define ispal(val)
+{
+    local half;		/* upper half of digits of val */
+    local digit;	/* middle digit */
+
+    /* case: val has an even number of digits */
+    if (iseven(digits(val))) {
+
+	/* test palindrome-ness */
+	return (val == mkpal(upperhalf(val)));
+
+    /* case: val can an odd number of digits */
+    } else {
+
+	/* test palindrome-ness */
+	half = upperhalf(val);
+	digit = half % 10;
+	half //= 10;
+	return (val == mkpalmiddigit(half, digit));
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * palnextpal - return next palindrome from a known palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	pal	a palindrome
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	next palindrome > pal
+ */
+define palnextpal(pal)
+{
+    local paldigits;	/* digits in pal */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local newhalf;	/* half+1 */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative palindrome */
+    if (pal < 0) {
+	return -(palprevpal(-pal));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * prep to find a larger palindrome
+     */
+    newhalf = half+1;
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from new upper half
+     *
+     * We need to watch for the corner case where changing the
+     * half changes the number of digits as this will impact
+     * or even/odd number of digits processing.
+     */
+    paldigits = digits(pal);
+    if (digits(newhalf) == digits(half)) {
+	/* no change in half digits: process as normal */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	}
+    } else {
+	/* change in half digits: process as opposite */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * nextpal - return next palindrome from a value
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	next palindrome > val
+ */
+define nextpal(val)
+{
+    local newval;	/* val+1 */
+    local newvaldigits;	/* digits in newval */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative value */
+    if (val < 0) {
+	return -(prevpal(-val));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start looking from a larger value
+     */
+    newval = val+1;
+    newvaldigits = digits(newval);
+
+    /* case: single digit palindrome */
+    if (newvaldigits < 2) {
+	return newval;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with next upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(newval);
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from upper half
+     *
+     * We need to deal with even vs. odd digit counts
+     * when forming a palindrome from a half as the
+     * half may not or may include the middle digit.
+     */
+    if (iseven(newvaldigits)) {
+	pal = mkpal(half);
+    } else {
+	pal = mkpalmiddigit(half // 10, half % 10);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * case: we found a larger palindrome, we are done
+     */
+    if (pal > val) {
+	return pal;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * we need to find an even larger palindrome
+     */
+    newpal = palnextpal(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * palprevpal - return previous palindrome from a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	pal	a palindrome
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	previous palindrome < pal
+ */
+define palprevpal(pal)
+{
+    local paldigits;	/* digits in pal */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local newhalf;	/* half+1 */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative value */
+    if (pal < 0) {
+	return -(palnextpal(-pal));
+    }
+
+    /* case: single digit palindrome */
+    if (pal < 10) {
+	newpal = pal-1;
+	return newpal;
+    }
+
+    /* case: 10 or 11 */
+    if (pal < 12) {
+	newpal = 9;
+	return newpal;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * prep to find a smaller palindrome
+     */
+    newhalf = half-1;
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from new upper half
+     *
+     * We need to watch for the corner case where changing the
+     * half changes the number of digits as this will impact
+     * or even/odd number of digits processing.
+     */
+    paldigits = digits(pal);
+    if (digits(newhalf) == digits(half)) {
+	/* no change in half digits: process as normal */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	}
+    } else {
+	/* change in half digits: process as opposite */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * prevpal - return previous palindrome from a value
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	previous palindrome < val
+ */
+define prevpal(val)
+{
+    local newval;	/* val-1 */
+    local newvaldigits;	/* digits in newval */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative value */
+    if (val < 0) {
+	return -(nextpal(-val));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start looking from a smaller value
+     */
+    newval = val-1;
+    newvaldigits = digits(newval);
+
+    /* case: single digit palindrome */
+    if (newvaldigits < 2) {
+	return newval;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with previous upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(newval);
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from upper half
+     *
+     * We need to deal with even vs. odd digit counts
+     * when forming a palindrome from a half as the
+     * half may not or may include the middle digit.
+     */
+    if (iseven(newvaldigits)) {
+	pal = mkpal(half);
+    } else {
+	pal = mkpalmiddigit(half // 10, half % 10);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * case: we found a smaller palindrome, we are done
+     */
+    if (pal < val) {
+	return pal;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * we need to find an even smaller palindrome
+     */
+    newpal = palprevpal(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * nextprimepal - return next palindrome that is a (highly probable) prime
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	next palindrome (highly probable) prime > val
+ */
+define nextprimepal(val)
+{
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local dpal;		/* digits in pal */
+
+    /*
+     * pre-start under the next palindrome
+     */
+    pal = nextpal(val-1);
+
+    /*
+     * loop until we find a (highly probable) prime or 0
+     */
+    do {
+
+	/* case: negative values and tiny values */
+	if (pal < 2) {
+	    return 2;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * compute the next palindrome
+	 */
+	pal = palnextpal(pal);
+	dpal = digits(pal);
+
+	/* case: 11 is the only prime palindrome with even digit count */
+	if (pal == 11) {
+	    return 11;
+	}
+
+	/* case: even number of digits and not 11 */
+	if (iseven(dpal)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * Except for 11 (which is handled above already), there are
+	     * no prime palindrome with even digits.  So we need to
+	     * increase the digit count and work with that larger palindrome.
+	     */
+	    pal = nextpal(10^dpal);
+	}
+
+	/* case: palindrome is even or ends in 5 */
+	if (iseven(pal % 10) || (pal%10 == 10/2)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * we need to increase the bottom and top digits
+	     * so that we have a chance to be prime
+	     */
+	    pal += (1 + 10^(dpal-1));
+	}
+	if (config("resource_debug") & 0x8) {
+	    print "DEBUG: nextprimepal:", pal;
+	}
+    } while (ptest(pal) == 0 && pal > 0);
+
+    /* return palindrome that his (highly probable) prime or 0 */
+    return pal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * prevprimepal - return prev palindrome that is a (highly probable) prime
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	prev palindrome (highly probable) prime < val or 0
+ */
+define prevprimepal(val)
+{
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local dpal;		/* digits in pal */
+
+    /*
+     * pre-start over the previous palindrome
+     */
+    pal = prevpal(val+1);
+
+    /*
+     * loop until we find a (highly probable) prime or 0
+     */
+    do {
+
+	/*
+	 * case: single digit values are always palindromes
+	 */
+	if (val < 10) {
+	    /*
+	     * The prevcand() call will return 0 if there is no previous prime
+	     * such as the case when val < 2.
+	     */
+	    return prevcand(pal);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * compute the previous palindrome
+	 */
+	pal = palprevpal(pal);
+	dpal = digits(pal);
+
+	/* case: 11 is the only prime palindrome with even digit count */
+	if (pal == 11) {
+	    return 11;
+	}
+
+	/* case: 2 digit palindrome and not 11 */
+	if (dpal == 2) {
+	    return 7;
+	}
+
+	/* case: even number of digits */
+	if (iseven(dpal)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * Except for 11 (which is handled above already), there are
+	     * no prime palindrome with even digits.  So we need to
+	     * decrease the digit count and work with that smaller palindrome.
+	     */
+	    pal = prevpal(10^(dpal-1));
+	}
+
+	/* case: palindrome is even or ends in 5 */
+	if (iseven(pal % 10) || (pal%10 == 10/2)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * we need to decrease the bottom and top digits
+	     * so that we have a chance to be prime
+	     */
+	    pal -= (1 + 10^(dpal-1));
+	}
+	if (config("resource_debug") & 0x8) {
+	    print "DEBUG: prevprimepal:", pal;
+	}
+    } while (ptest(pal) == 0 && pal > 0);
+
+    /* return palindrome that his (highly probable) prime or 0 */
+    return pal;
+}

cal/regress.cal

@@ -775,7 +775,9 @@ print '016: parsed test_bignums()';
 /*
  * Test many of the built-in functions.
  *
- * See test_functionss() starting at test 9000 for more built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions() (test 700 - 1238) for other built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions2() (test 9000 - 9063) for other built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions3() (test 9100 - 9214) for other built-in function tests.
  */
 define test_functions()
 {
@@ -1881,96 +1883,298 @@ define test_mode()
 	vrfy(tmp == "octal",		'1620: tmp == "octal"');
 	vrfy(base() == 2,		'1621: base() == 2');
 
-	tmp = config("mode", "real");
-	print				'1622: tmp = config("mode", "real")';
+	tmp = config("mode", "eng");
+	print				'1622: tmp = config("mode", "eng")';
 	vrfy(tmp == "binary",		'1623: tmp == "binary"');
+	vrfy(base() == 1000,		'1624: base() == 1000');
+
+	tmp = config("mode", "real");
+	print				'1625: tmp = config("mode", "real")';
+	vrfy(tmp == "engineering",	'1626: tmp == "engineering"');
 
 	tmp = base(1/3);
-	print				'1624: tmp = base(1/3)';
+	print				'1627: tmp = base(1/3)';
 	vrfy(config("mode") == "fraction",
-					'1625: config("mode") == "fraction"');
+					'1628: config("mode") == "fraction"');
 
 	tmp = base(-10);
-	print				'1626: tmp = base(-10)';
+	print				'1629: tmp = base(-10)';
 	vrfy(config("mode") == "integer",
-					'1627: config("mode") == "integer"');
+					'1630: config("mode") == "integer"');
 
 	tmp = base(10);
-	print				'1628: tmp = base(10)';
-	vrfy(config("mode") == "real",	'1629: config("mode") == "real"');
+	print				'1631: tmp = base(10)';
+	vrfy(config("mode") == "real",	'1632: config("mode") == "real"');
 
 	tmp = base(1e20);
-	print				'1630: tmp = base(1e20)';
+	print				'1633: tmp = base(1e20)';
 	vrfy(config("mode") == "scientific",
-					'1631: config("mode") == "scientific"');
+					'1634: config("mode") == "scientific"');
 
 	tmp = base(16);
-	print				'1632: tmp = base(16)';
+	print				'1635: tmp = base(16)';
 	vrfy(config("mode") == "hexadecimal", \
-		'1633: config("mode") == "hexadecimal"');
+		'1636: config("mode") == "hexadecimal"');
 
 	tmp = base(8);
-	print				'1634: tmp = base(8)';
-	vrfy(config("mode") == "octal", '1635: config("mode") == "octal"');
+	print				'1637: tmp = base(8)';
+	vrfy(config("mode") == "octal", '1638: config("mode") == "octal"');
 
 	tmp = base(2);
-	print				'1636: tmp = base(2)';
-	vrfy(config("mode") == "binary",'1637: config("mode") == "binary"');
+	print				'1639: tmp = base(2)';
+	vrfy(config("mode") == "binary",'1640: config("mode") == "binary"');
+
+	tmp = base(1000);
+	print				'1641: tmp = base(1000)';
+	vrfy(config("mode") == "engineering",
+		'1642: config("mode") == "engineering"');
+
+	tmp = base(1/3);
+	print				'1643: tmp = base(1/3)';
+	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "2147483648", \
+		'1644: str(0x8000000) == \"2147483648\"');
+	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "4294967295", \
+		'1645: str(0xffffffff) == \"4294967295\"');
+	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3000000000", \
+		'1646: str(3e9) == \"3000000000\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "1/3", \
+		'1647: str(1/3) == \"1/3\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "200000000", \
+		'1648: str(2e8) == \"200000000"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "200000000", \
+		'1649: str(200e6) == \"200000000"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "39", \
+		'1650: str(0b100111) == \"39"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "3939", \
+		'1651: str(07543) == \"3939"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "7543", \
+		'1652: str(7543) == \"7543"');
 
 	tmp = base(8);
-	print				'1638: tmp = base(8)';
+	print				'1653: tmp = base(8)';
 	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "020000000000", \
-		'1639: str(0x8000000) == \"020000000000\"');
+		'1654: str(0x8000000) == \"020000000000\"');
 	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "037777777777", \
-		'1640: str(0xffffffff) == \"037777777777\"');
+		'1655: str(0xffffffff) == \"037777777777\"');
 	vrfy(str(3e9) == "026264057000", \
-		'1641: str(3e9) == \"026264057000\"');
+		'1656: str(3e9) == \"026264057000\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "1/3", \
+		'1657: str(1/3) == \"1/3\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "01372741000", \
+		'1658: str(2e8) == \"01372741000"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "01372741000", \
+		'1659: str(200e6) == \"01372741000"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "047", \
+		'1660: str(0b100111) == \"047"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "07543", \
+		'1661: str(07543) == \"07543"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "016567", \
+		'1662: str(7543) == \"016567"');
 
 	tmp = base(16);
-	print				'1642: tmp = base(16)';
+	print				'1663: tmp = base(16)';
 	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "0x80000000", \
-		'1643: str(0x8000000) == \"0x80000000\"');
+		'1664: str(0x8000000) == \"0x80000000\"');
 	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "0xffffffff", \
-		'1644: str(0xffffffff) == \"0xffffffff\"');
+		'1665: str(0xffffffff) == \"0xffffffff\"');
 	vrfy(str(3e9) == "0xb2d05e00", \
-		'1645: str(3e9) == \"0xb2d05e00\"');
+		'1666: str(3e9) == \"0xb2d05e00\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "1/3", \
+		'1667: str(1/3) == \"1/3\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "0xbebc200", \
+		'1668: str(2e8) == \"0xbebc200"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "0xbebc200", \
+		'1669: str(200e6) == \"0xbebc200"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "0x27", \
+		'1670: str(0b100111) == \"0x27"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "0xf63", \
+		'1671: str(07543) == \"0xf63"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "0x1d77", \
+		'1672: str(7543) == \"0x1d77"');
+
+	tmp = base(2);
+	print				'1673: tmp = base(2)';
+	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "0b10000000000000000000000000000000", \
+	    '1674: str(0x8000000) == \"0b10000000000000000000000000000000\"');
+	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "0b11111111111111111111111111111111", \
+	    '1675: str(0xffffffff) == \"0b11111111111111111111111111111111\"');
+	vrfy(str(3e9) == "0b10110010110100000101111000000000", \
+	    '1676: str(3e9) == \"0b10110010110100000101111000000000\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "1/0b11", \
+		'1677: str(1/3) == \"1/0b11\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "0b1011111010111100001000000000", \
+		'1678: str(2e8) == \"0b1011111010111100001000000000"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "0b1011111010111100001000000000", \
+		'1679: str(200e6) == \"0b1011111010111100001000000000"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "0b100111", \
+		'1680: str(0b100111) == \"0b100111"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "0b111101100011", \
+		'1681: str(07543) == \"0b111101100011"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "0b1110101110111", \
+		'1682: str(7543) == \"0b1110101110111"');
+
+	tmp = base(1e20);
+	print				'1683: tmp = base(1e20)';
+	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "2.147483648e9", \
+		'1684: str(0x8000000) == \"2.147483648e9\"');
+	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "4.294967295e9", \
+		'1685: str(0xffffffff) == \"4.294967295e9\"');
+	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3e9", \
+		'1686: str(3e9) == \"3e9\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "~3.33333333333333333333e-1", \
+		'1687: str(1/3) == \"~3.33333333333333333333e-1\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "2e8", \
+		'1688: str(2e8) == \"2e8"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "2e8", \
+		'1689: str(200e6) == \"2e8"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "3.9e1", \
+		'1690: str(0b100111) == \"3.9e1"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "3.939e3", \
+		'1691: str(07543) == \"3.939e3"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "7.543e3", \
+		'1692: str(7543) == \"7.543e3"');
+
+	tmp = base(1000);
+	print				'1693: tmp = base(1000)';
+	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "2.147483648e9", \
+		'1694: str(0x8000000) == \"2.147483648e9"');
+	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "4.294967295e9", \
+		'1695: str(0xffffffff) == \"4.294967295e9\"');
+	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3e9", \
+		'1696: str(3e9) == \"3e9\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "~333.33333333333333333333e-3", \
+		'1697: str(1/3) == \"~333.33333333333333333333e-3\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "200e6", \
+		'1698: str(2e8) == \"200e6"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "200e6", \
+		'1699: str(200e6) == \"200e6"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "39", \
+		'1700: str(0b100111) == \"39"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "3.939e3", \
+		'1701: str(07543) == \"3.939e3"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "7.543e3", \
+		'1702: str(7543) == \"7.543e3"');
+
+	tmp = base(-10);
+	print				'1703: tmp = base(-10)';
+	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "2147483648", \
+		'1704: str(0x8000000) == \"2147483648\"');
+	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "4294967295", \
+		'1705: str(0xffffffff) == \"4294967295\"');
+	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3000000000", \
+		'1706: str(3e9) == \"3000000000\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "~0", \
+		'1707: str(1/3) == \"~0\"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "200000000", \
+		'1708: str(2e8) == \"200000000"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "200000000", \
+		'1709: str(200e6) == \"200000000"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "39", \
+		'1710: str(0b100111) == \"39"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "3939", \
+		'1711: str(07543) == \"3939"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "7543", \
+		'1712: str(7543) == \"7543"');
 
 	tmp = base(10);
-	print				'1646: tmp = base(10)';
-	vrfy(config("mode") == "real", \
-		'1647: config("mode") == "real"');
-
+	print				'1713: tmp = base(10)';
 	vrfy(str(0x80000000) == "2147483648", \
-		'1648: str(0x80000000) == \"2147483648\"');
+		'1714: str(0x8000000) == \"2147483648\"');
 	vrfy(str(0xffffffff) == "4294967295", \
-		'1649: str(0xffffffff) == \"4294967295\"');
+		'1715: str(0xffffffff) == \"4294967295\"');
 	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3000000000", \
-		'1650: str(3e9) == \"3000000000\"');
+		'1716: str(3e9) == \"3000000000\"');
+	vrfy(str(1/3) == "~0.33333333333333333333", \
+		'1717: str(1/3) == \"~0.33333333333333333333"');
+	vrfy(str(2e8) == "200000000", \
+		'1718: str(2e8) == \"200000000"');
+	vrfy(str(200e6) == "200000000", \
+		'1719: str(200e6) == \"200000000"');
+	vrfy(str(0b100111) == "39", \
+		'1720: str(0b100111) == \"39"');
+	vrfy(str(07543) == "3939", \
+		'1721: str(07543) == \"3939"');
+	vrfy(str(7543) == "7543", \
+		'1722: str(7543) == \"7543"');
 
 	/* test base2() functionality */
-	vrfy(base2() == 0,		'1651: base2() == 0');
-	vrfy(base2(0) == 0,		'1652: base2(0) == 0');
-	vrfy(base2() == 0,		'1653: base2() == 0');
-	vrfy(base2(16) == 0,		'1654: base2(16) == 0');
-	vrfy(base2() == 16,		'1655: base2() == 16');
-	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3000000000 /* 0xb2d05e00 */",
-		'1656: str(3e9) == "3000000000 /* 0xb2d05e00 */"');
-	vrfy(base2(1/3) == 16,		'1657: base2(16) == 16');
-	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */",
-		'1658: str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */"');
-	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 3/2 */",
-		'1659: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 3/2 */"');
-	vrfy(base() == 10,		'1660: base() == 10');
-	vrfy(base2(0) == 1/3,		'1661: base2(0) == 1/3');
+	vrfy(base2() == 0,		'1723: base2() == 0');
+	vrfy(base2(0) == 0,		'1724: base2(0) == 0');
+	vrfy(base2() == 0,		'1725: base2() == 0');
 
-	print '1662: Ending mode/base test';
+	vrfy(base2(16) == 0,		'1726: base2(16) == 0');
+	vrfy(base2() == 16,		'1727: base2() == 16');
+	vrfy(str(3e9) == "3000000000 /* 0xb2d05e00 */",
+		'1728: str(3e9) == "3000000000 /* 0xb2d05e00 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(1/3) == 16,		'1728: base2(16) == 16');
+	vrfy(base2() == 1/3,		'1729: base2() == 1/3');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */",
+		'1730: str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 3/2 */",
+		'1731: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 3/2 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(8) == 1/3,		'1732: base2(8) == 1/3');
+	vrfy(base2() == 8,		'1733: base2() == 8');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 055251 */",
+		'1734: str(23209) == "23209 /* 055251 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 3/2 */",
+		'1735: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 3/2 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(2) == 8,		'1736: base2(2) == 8');
+	vrfy(base2() == 2,		'1737: base2() == 2');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 0b101101010101001 */",
+		'1738: str(23209) == "23209 /* 0b101101010101001 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 0b11/0b10 */",
+		'1739: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 0b11/0b10 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(1e20) == 2,		'1740: base2(1e20) == 2');
+	vrfy(base2() == 1e20,		'1741: base2() == 1e20');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 2.3209e4 */",
+		'1742: str(23209) == "23209 /* 2.3209e4 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 1.5 */",
+		'1743: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 1.5 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(-10) == 1e20,	'1744: base2(-10) == 1e20');
+	vrfy(base2() == -10,		'1745: base2() == -10');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */",
+		'1746: str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* ~2 */",
+		'1747: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* ~2 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(1000) == -10,	'1748: base2(1000) == -1000');
+	vrfy(base2() == 1000,		'1749: base2() == 1000');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 23.209e3 */",
+		'1750: str(23209) == "23209 /* 23.209e3 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 1.5 */",
+		'1751: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 1.5 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(10) == 1000,		'1752: base2(10) == 1000');
+	vrfy(base2() == 10,		'1753: base2() == 10');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */",
+		'1754: str(23209) == "23209 /* 23209 */"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 1.5 */",
+		'1755: str(3/2) == "1.5 /* 1.5 */"');
+
+	vrfy(base2(0) == 10,		'1756: base2(0) == 10');
+	vrfy(base2() == 0,		'1757: base2() == 0');
+	vrfy(str(23209) == "23209",
+		'1758: str(23209) == "23209"');
+	vrfy(str(3/2) == "1.5",
+		'1759: str(3/2) == "1.5"');
+
+	vrfy(base() == 10,		'1760: base() == 10');
+	vrfy(base2() == 0,		'1761: base2() == 0');
+
+	print '1762: Ending mode/base test';
 }
 print '026: parsed test_mode()';
 
 
 /*
- * The 1700's contain tests for reading resource files.	 These tests are
- * done inline near the bottom.
+ * The 1780's and 1790's contain tests for reading resource files.
+ *
+ * These tests are done inline near the bottom.
  */
 
 
@@ -3198,9 +3402,11 @@ define test_trig()
 
 	print '3400: Beginning test_trig';
 
+	/* test 3401-3407 */
 	tnum = test3400(1, 3401);
+	vrfy(tnum == 3407,	'3407: tnum == 3407');
 
-	print tnum: ': Ending test_trig';
+	print '3438: Ending test_trig';
 }
 print '051: parsed test_trig()';
 
@@ -7635,31 +7841,31 @@ print;
 return test_mode();
 print;
 
-print '1700: Beginning read test';
+print '1780: Beginning read test';
 value = 0;
-vrfy(value == 0,		  '1701: value == 0');
+vrfy(value == 0,		  '1781: value == 0');
 read "test1700";
-print				  '1702: read "test1700";';
-vrfy(value == 1,		  '1703: value == 1');
+print				  '1782: read "test1700";';
+vrfy(value == 1,		  '1783: value == 1');
 read -once "test1700";
-print				  '1704: read -once "test1700";';
-vrfy(value == 1,		  '1705: value == 1');
+print				  '1784: read -once "test1700";';
+vrfy(value == 1,		  '1785: value == 1');
 read "test1700.cal";
-print				  '1706: read "test1700.cal";';
-vrfy(value == 2,		  '1707: value == 2');
-read -once "test1700.cal";
-print				  '1708: read -once "test1700.cal";';
-vrfy(value == 2,		  '1709: value == 2');
+print				  '1786: read "test1700.cal";';
+vrfy(value == 2,		  '1787: value == 2');
+read -once "test1700.cal"
+print				  '1788: read -once "test1700.cal";';
+vrfy(value == 2,		  '1789: value == 2');
 read "test1700.cal";
-print				  '1710: read "test1700.cal";';
-vrfy(value == 3,		  '1711: value == 3');
+print				  '1790: read "test1700.cal";';
+vrfy(value == 3,		  '1791: value == 3');
 {++value;} read "test1700.cal";
-print				  '1712: {++value;} read "test1700.cal";';
-vrfy(value == 5,		  '1713: value == 5');
+print				  '1792: {++value;} read "test1700.cal";';
+vrfy(value == 5,		  '1793: value == 5');
 {++value;} read -once "test1700.cal";
-print				  '1714: {++value;} read -once "test1700.cal";';
-vrfy(value == 6,		  '1715: value == 6');
-print '1716: Ending read test';
+print				  '1794: {++value;} read -once "test1700.cal";';
+vrfy(value == 6,		  '1795: value == 6');
+print '1796: Ending read test';
 
 print;
 return test_obj();
@@ -7963,6 +8169,8 @@ ecnt = 211;
  * Test more of the built-in functions.
  *
  * See test_functions() (test 700 - 1238) for other built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions2() (test 9000 - 9063) for other built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions3() (test 9100 - 9214) for other built-in function tests.
  */
 define test_functions2()
 {
@@ -8076,6 +8284,401 @@ print;
 return test_functions2();
 
 
+/*
+ * Test even more of the built-in functions.
+ *
+ * See test_functions() (test 700 - 1238) for other built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions2() (test 9000 - 9063) for other built-in function tests.
+ * See test_functions3() (test 9100 - 9214) for other built-in function tests.
+ */
+define test_functions3()
+{
+	local d, m, s, g, h;
+
+	print '9101: Beginning test_functions3';
+
+	/* d2r & r2d */
+	vrfy(d2r(180) == pi(),
+		'9102: d2r(180) == pi()');
+	vrfy(d2r(180, 1e-100) == pi(1e-100),
+		'9103: d2r(180, 1e-100) == pi(1e-100)');
+	vrfy(r2d(pi()/2) == 90,
+		'9104: r2d(pi()/2) == 90');
+	vrfy(r2d(pi(1e-15)/2) == 14137166941154068500000/157079632679489661923,
+		'9105: r2d(pi(1e-15)/2) == ' +
+			'14137166941154068500000/157079632679489661923');
+	vrfy(r2d(d2r(40)) == 40,
+		'9106: r2d(d2r(40)) == 40');
+	vrfy(r2d(d2r(40,1e-90),1e-90) == 40,
+		'9107: r2d(d2r(40,1e-90),1e-90) == 40');
+	vrfy(d2r(180i) == 1i*pi(),
+		'9108: d2r(1808) == 1i*pi()');
+	vrfy(d2r(180i+90) == 1i*pi() + pi()/2,
+		'9109: d2r(180i+90) == 1i*pi() + pi()/2');
+	vrfy(r2d(d2r(40+40i)) == 40+40i,
+		'9110: r2d(d2r(40+40i)) == 40+40i');
+	vrfy(r2d(d2r(40+40i,1e-60),1e-60) == 40+40i,
+		'9111: r2d(d2r(40+40i,1e-60),1e-60) == 40+40i');
+
+	/* g2r & r2g */
+	vrfy(g2r(200) == pi(),
+		'9112: g2r(200) == pi()');
+	vrfy(g2r(200, 1e-100) == pi(1e-100),
+		'9113: g2r(180, 1e-100) == pi(1e-100)');
+	vrfy(r2g(pi()/2) == 100,
+		'9114: r2g(pi()/2) == 100');
+	vrfy(r2g(pi(1e-15)/2) == 15707963267948965000000/157079632679489661923,
+		'9115: r2g(pi(1e-15)/2) == ' +
+			'15707963267948965000000/157079632679489661923');
+	vrfy(r2g(g2r(40)) == 40,
+		'9116: r2g(g2r(40)) == 40');
+	vrfy(r2g(g2r(40,1e-90),1e-90) == 40,
+		'9117: r2g(g2r(40,1e-90),1e-90) == 40');
+	vrfy(g2r(200i) == 1i*pi(),
+		'9118: g2r(200i) == 1i*pi()');
+	vrfy(g2r(200i+150) == pi()*0.75 + 1i*pi(),
+		'9119: g2r(200i+150) == pi()*0.75 + 1i*pi()');
+	vrfy(r2g(g2r(40+40i)) == 40+40i,
+		'9120: r2g(g2r(40+40i)) == 40+40i');
+	vrfy(r2g(g2r(40+40i,1e-60),1e-60) == 40+40i,
+		'9121: r2g(g2r(40+40i,1e-60),1e-60) == 40+40i');
+
+	/* g2d & d2g */
+	vrfy(g2d(200) == 180,
+		'9122: g2d(200) == 180');
+	vrfy(g2d(200, 1e-100) == 180,
+		'9123: g2d(180, 1e-100) == 180');
+	vrfy(d2g(81) == 90,
+		'9124: d2g(81) == 90');
+	vrfy(d2g(pi(1e-15)/2) == 3141592653589793/1800000000000000,
+		'9125: d2g(pi(1e-15)/2) == 3141592653589793/1800000000000000');
+	vrfy(d2g(g2d(40)) == 40,
+		'9126: d2g(g2d(40)) == 40');
+	vrfy(d2g(g2d(40,1e-90),1e-90) == 40,
+		'9127: d2g(g2d(40,1e-90),1e-90) == 40');
+	vrfy(g2d(200i) == 180i,
+		'9128: g2d(200i) == 180i');
+	vrfy(g2d(200i+47) == 42.3 + 180i,
+		'9129: g2d(200i+47) == 42.3 + 180i');
+	vrfy(d2g(g2d(40+40i)) == 40+40i,
+		'9130: d2g(g2d(40+40i)) == 40+40i');
+	vrfy(d2g(g2d(40+40i,1e-90),1e-90) == 40+40i,
+		'9131: d2g(g2d(40+40i,1e-90),1e-90) == 40+40i');
+
+	/* d2dms */
+	vrfy(d2dms(12.3456,d,m,s) == 12.3456,
+		'9132: d2dms(12.3456,d,m,s) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(d == 12,
+		'9133: d == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20,
+		'9133: m == 20');
+	vrfy(s == 44.16,
+		'9134: s == 44.16');
+
+	vrfy(d2dms(1234.5678,d,m,s) == 154.5678,
+		'9135: d2dms(1234.5678,d,m,s) == 154.5678');
+	vrfy(d == 154,
+		'9136: d == 154');
+	vrfy(m == 34,
+		'9137: m == 34');
+	vrfy(s == 4.08,
+		'9138: s == 4.08');
+
+	vrfy(d2dms(-1234.5678,d,m,s) == 205.4322,
+		'9139: d2dms(-1234.5678,d,m,s) == 205.4322');
+	vrfy(d == 205,
+		'9140: d == 205');
+	vrfy(m == 25,
+		'9141: m == 25');
+	vrfy(s == 55.92,
+		'9142: s == 55.92');
+
+	vrfy(d2dms(360.321,d,m,s,1) == -359.679,
+		'9143: d2dms(360.321,d,m,s,1) == -359.679');
+	vrfy(d == -359,
+		'9144: d == -359');
+	vrfy(m == -40,
+		'9145: m == -40');
+	vrfy(s == -44.4,
+		'9146: s == -44.4');
+
+	/* d2dm */
+	vrfy(d2dm(12.3456,d,m) == 12.3456,
+		'9147: d2dm(12.3456,d,m) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(d == 12,
+		'9148: d == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20.736,
+		'9149: m == 20.736');
+
+	vrfy(d2dm(1234.5678,d,m) == 154.5678,
+		'9150: d2dm(1234.5678,d,m) == 154.5678');
+	vrfy(d == 154,
+		'9151: d == 154');
+	vrfy(m == 34.068,
+		'9152: m == 34.068');
+
+	vrfy(d2dm(-1234.5678,d,m) == 205.4322,
+		'9153: d2dm(-1234.5678,d,m) == 205.4322');
+	vrfy(d == 205,
+		'9154: d == 205');
+	vrfy(m == 25.932,
+		'9155: m == 25.932');
+
+	vrfy(d2dm(360.321,d,m,1) == -359.679,
+		'9156: d2dm(360.321,d,m,1) == -359.679');
+	vrfy(d == -359,
+		'9167: d == -359');
+	vrfy(m == -40.74,
+		'9158: m == -40.74');
+
+	/* g2gms */
+	vrfy(g2gms(12.3456,g,m,s) == 12.3456,
+		'9159: g2gms(12.3456,g,m,s) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(g == 12,
+		'9133: g == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20,
+		'9160: m == 20');
+	vrfy(s == 44.16,
+		'9161: s == 44.16');
+
+	vrfy(g2gms(1234.5678,g,m,s) == 34.5678,
+		'9162: g2gms(1234.5678,g,m,s) == 34.5678');
+	vrfy(g == 34,
+		'9163: g == 34');
+	vrfy(m == 34,
+		'9164: m == 34');
+	vrfy(s == 4.08,
+		'9165: s == 4.08');
+
+	vrfy(g2gms(-1234.5678,g,m,s) == 365.4322,
+		'9166: g2gms(-1234.5678,g,m,s) == 365.4322');
+	vrfy(g == 365,
+		'9167: g == 365');
+	vrfy(m == 25,
+		'9168: m == 25');
+	vrfy(s == 55.92,
+		'9169: s == 55.92');
+
+	vrfy(g2gms(400.321,g,m,s,1) == -399.679,
+		'9170: g2gms(400.321,g,m,s,1) == -399.679');
+	vrfy(g == -399,
+		'9171: g == -399');
+	vrfy(m == -40,
+		'9172: m == -40');
+	vrfy(s == -44.4,
+		'9173: s == -44.4');
+
+	/* g2gm */
+	vrfy(g2gm(12.3456,g,m) == 12.3456,
+		'9174: g2gm(12.3456,g,m) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(g == 12,
+		'9175: g == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20.736,
+		'9176: m == 20.736');
+
+	vrfy(g2gm(1234.5678,g,m) == 34.5678,
+		'9177: g2gm(1234.5678,g,m) == 34.5678');
+	vrfy(g == 34,
+		'9178: g == 34');
+	vrfy(m == 34.068,
+		'9179: m == 34.068');
+
+	vrfy(g2gm(-1234.5678,g,m) == 365.4322,
+		'9180: g2gm(-1234.5678,g,m) == 365.4322');
+	vrfy(g == 365,
+		'9181: g == 365');
+	vrfy(m == 25.932,
+		'9182: m == 25.932');
+
+	vrfy(g2gm(400.321,g,m,1) == -399.679,
+		'9183: g2gm(400.321,g,m,1) == -399.679');
+	vrfy(g == -399,
+		'9184: g == -399');
+	vrfy(m == -40.74,
+		'9185: m == -40.74');
+
+	/* h2hms */
+	vrfy(h2hms(12.3456,h,m,s) == 12.3456,
+		'9186: h2hms(12.3456,h,m,s) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(h == 12,
+		'9187: h == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20,
+		'9188: m == 20');
+	vrfy(s == 44.16,
+		'9189: s == 44.16');
+
+	vrfy(h2hms(1234.5678,h,m,s) == 10.5678,
+		'9190: h2hms(1234.5678,h,m,s) == 10.5678');
+	vrfy(h == 10,
+		'9191: h == 10');
+	vrfy(m == 34,
+		'9192: m == 34');
+	vrfy(s == 4.08,
+		'9193: s == 4.08');
+
+	vrfy(h2hms(-1234.5678,h,m,s) == 13.4322,
+		'9194: h2hms(-1234.5678,h,m,s) == 13.4322');
+	vrfy(h == 13,
+		'9195: h == 13');
+	vrfy(m == 25,
+		'9196: m == 25');
+	vrfy(s == 55.92,
+		'9197: s == 55.92');
+
+	vrfy(h2hms(24.321,h,m,s,1) == -23.679,
+		'9198: h2hms(24.321,h,m,s,1) == -23.679');
+	vrfy(h == -23,
+		'9199: h == -23');
+	vrfy(m == -40,
+		'9200: m == -40');
+	vrfy(s == -44.4,
+		'9201: s == -44.4');
+
+	/* h2hm */
+	vrfy(h2hm(12.3456,h,m) == 12.3456,
+		'9202: h2hm(12.3456,h,m) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(h == 12,
+		'9203: h == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20.736,
+		'9204: m == 20.736');
+
+	vrfy(h2hm(1234.5678,h,m) == 10.5678,
+		'9205: h2hm(1234.5678,h,m) == 10.5678');
+	vrfy(h == 10,
+		'9206: h == 10');
+	vrfy(m == 34.068,
+		'9207: m == 34.068');
+
+	vrfy(h2hm(-1234.5678,h,m) == 13.4322,
+		'9208: h2hm(-1234.5678,h,m) == 13.4322');
+	vrfy(h == 13,
+		'9209: h == 13');
+	vrfy(m == 25.932,
+		'9210: m == 25.932');
+
+	vrfy(h2hm(24.321,h,m,1) == -23.679,
+		'9211: h2hm(24.321,h,m,1) == -23.679');
+	vrfy(h == -23,
+		'9212: h == -23');
+	vrfy(m == -40.74,
+		'9213: m == -40.74');
+
+	/* dm2d */
+	vrfy(dm2d(203, 325.5594) == 208.42599,
+		'9214: dm2d(203, 325.5594) == 208.42599');
+	vrfy(dm2d(3601, -25.5594) == 0.57401,
+		'9215: dm2d(3601, -25.5594) == 0.57401');
+	vrfy(dm2d(-923, -25.5594) == 156.57401,
+		'9216: dm2d(-923, -25.5594) == 156.57401');
+	vrfy(dm2d(203, 325.5594, 1) == -151.57401,
+		'9217: dm2d(203, 325.5594, 1) == -151.57401');
+
+	vrfy(d2dm(dm2d(12, 20.16),d,m) == 12.336,
+		'9218: d2dm(dm2d(12, 20.16),d,m) == 12.336');
+	vrfy(d == 12,
+		'9219: d == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20.16,
+		'9220: m == 20.16');
+
+	/* dms2d */
+	vrfy(dms2d(12, 20, 44.16) == 12.3456,
+		'9221: dms2d(12, 20, 44.16) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(dms2d(123.456, -345.68, 4.08) == 117.6958,
+		'9222: dms2d(123.456, -345.68, 4.08) == 117.6958');
+	vrfy(dms2d(-65, -40, -44.4) == 294.321,
+		'9223: dms2d(-65, -40, -44.4) == 294.321');
+	vrfy(dms2d(12, 20, 44.16, 1) == -347.6544,
+		'9224: dms2d(12, 20, 44.16, 1) == -347.6544');
+
+	vrfy(d2dms(dms2d(13, 20, 44.16),d,m,s) == 13.3456,
+		'9225: d2dms(dms2d(13, 20, 44.16),d,m,s) == 13.3456');
+	vrfy(d == 13,
+		'9226: d == 13');
+	vrfy(m == 20,
+		'9227: m == 20');
+	vrfy(s == 44.16,
+		'9228: s == 44.16');
+
+	/* gm2g */
+	vrfy(gm2g(203, 325.5594) == 208.42599,
+		'9229: gm2g(203, 325.5594) == 208.42599');
+	vrfy(gm2g(3601, -25.5594) == 0.57401,
+		'9230: gm2g(3601, -25.5594) == 0.57401');
+	vrfy(gm2g(-923, -25.5594) == 276.57401,
+		'9231: gm2g(-923, -25.5594) == 276.57401');
+	vrfy(gm2g(203, 325.5594, 1) == -191.57401,
+		'9232: gm2g(203, 325.5594, 1) == -191.57401');
+
+	vrfy(g2gm(gm2g(12, 20.16),g,m) == 12.336,
+		'9233: g2gm(gm2g(12, 20.16),g,m) == 12.336');
+	vrfy(g == 12,
+		'9234: g == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20.16,
+		'9235: m == 20.16');
+
+	/* gms2g */
+	vrfy(gms2g(12, 20, 44.16) == 12.3456,
+		'9236: gms2g(12, 20, 44.16) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(gms2g(123.456, -345.68, 4.08) == 117.6958,
+		'9237: gms2g(123.456, -345.68, 4.08) == 117.6958');
+	vrfy(gms2g(-65, -40, -44.4) == 334.321,
+		'9238: gms2g(-65, -40, -44.4) == 334.321');
+	vrfy(gms2g(12, 20, 44.16, 1) == -387.6544,
+		'9239: gms2g(12, 20, 44.16, 1) == -387.6544');
+
+	vrfy(g2gms(gms2g(14, 20, 44.16),g,m,s) == 14.3456,
+		'9240: g2gms(gms2g(14, 20, 44.16),g,m,s) == 14.3456');
+	vrfy(g == 14,
+		'9241: g == 14');
+	vrfy(m == 20,
+		'9242: m == 20');
+	vrfy(s == 44.16,
+		'9243: s == 44.16');
+
+	/* hm2h */
+	vrfy(hm2h(203, 325.5594) == 16.42599,
+		'9244: hm2h(203, 325.5594) == 16.42599');
+	vrfy(hm2h(241, -25.5594) == 0.57401,
+		'9245: hm2h(241, -25.5594) == 0.57401');
+	vrfy(hm2h(-923, -25.5594) == 12.57401,
+		'9246: hm2h(-923, -25.5594) == 12.57401');
+	vrfy(hm2h(203, 325.5594, 1) == -7.57401,
+		'9247: hm2h(203, 325.5594, 1) == -7.57401');
+
+	vrfy(h2hm(hm2h(12, 20.16),h,m) == 12.336,
+		'9248: h2hm(hm2h(12, 20.16),h,m) == 12.336');
+	vrfy(h == 12,
+		'9249: h == 12');
+	vrfy(m == 20.16,
+		'9250: m == 20.16');
+
+	/* hms2h */
+	vrfy(hms2h(12, 20, 44.16) == 12.3456,
+		'9251: hms2h(12, 20, 44.16) == 12.3456');
+	vrfy(hms2h(123.456, -345.68, 4.08) == 21.6958,
+		'9252: hms2h(123.456, -345.68, 4.08) == 21.6958');
+	vrfy(hms2h(-65, -40, -44.4) == 6.321,
+		'9253: hms2h(-65, -40, -44.4) == 6.321');
+	vrfy(hms2h(12, 20, 44.16, 1) == -11.6544,
+		'9254: hms2h(12, 20, 44.16, 1) == -11.6544');
+
+	vrfy(h2hms(hms2h(15, 20, 44.16),h,m,s) == 15.3456,
+		'9255: h2hms(hms2h(15, 20, 44.16),h,m,s) == 15.3456');
+	vrfy(h == 15,
+		'9256: h == 15');
+	vrfy(m == 20,
+		'9257: m == 20');
+	vrfy(s == 44.16,
+		'9258: s == 44.16');
+
+	print '9259: Ending test_functions3';
+}
+print;
+print '9100: parsed test_functions3()';
+print;
+return test_functions3();
+
+
 /*
  * read various calc resource files
  *

cal/statistics.cal

@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ define normalcdf(x,mu,sigma){
 
 define probit(p){
   if(p<0 || p > 1) return newerror("probit: p out of domain 0<=p<=1");
-  return sqrt(2)*ervinv(2*p-1);
+  return sqrt(2)*erfinv(2*p-1);
 }
 
 define normalcdfinv(p,mu,sigma){

cal/toomcook.cal

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ define __CZ__produce_long_random_number(n)
   ret = 1;
   if(!isint(n) || n<1)
     return newerror("__CZ__produce_long_random_number(n): "
-    		    "n is not an integer >=1");
+		    "n is not an integer >=1");
   for(k=0;k<n;k++){
     ret += random();
     ret  = toomcook4square(ret);

cal/zeta2.cal

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ define hurwitzzeta(s,a){
   limit=(precision*ln(10)-re((s-.5)*result)+(1.*realpart_a)*ln(2.*pi()))/2;
   limit=max(2,ceil(max(limit,abs(s*1.)/2)));
   limit_function=ceil(sqrt((limit+realpart_a/2-.25)^2+(imagpart_s*1.)^2/4)/
-  		      pi());
+		      pi());
   if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
      print "limit_function = " limit_function;
      print "limit = " limit;

calcerr.tbl

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #
 # calcerr - error codes and messages
 #
-# Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Ernest Bowen
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2006,2021  Ernest Bowen
 #
 # Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 # the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -496,3 +496,49 @@ E_ATANH3	Invalid value for calculating atan
 E_ACOTH3	Invalid value for calculating acot
 E_ASECH3	Invalid value for calculating asec
 E_ACSCH3	Invalid value for calculating acsc
+E_D2R1		Bad epsilon for converting degrees to radians
+E_D2R2		Bad first argument converting degrees to radians
+E_R2D1		Bad epsilon for converting radians to degrees
+E_R2D2		Bad first argument converting radians to degrees
+E_G2R1		Bad epsilon for converting gradians to radians
+E_G2R2		Bad first argument converting gradians to radians
+E_R2G1		Bad epsilon for converting radians to gradians
+E_R2G2		Bad first argument converting radians to gradians
+E_D2G1		Bad first argument converting degrees to gradians
+E_G2D1		Bad first argument converting gradians to degrees
+E_D2DMS1	Non-lvalue arguments 2, 3 or 4 for d2dms
+E_D2DMS2	Non-real-number arg 1 for d2dms
+E_D2DMS3	No-assign-to argument 2, 3 or 4 for d2dms
+E_D2DMS4	Invalid rounding arg 5 for d2dms
+E_D2DM1		Non-lvalue arguments 2 or 3 for d2dm
+E_D2DM2		Non-real-number arg 1 for d2dm
+E_D2DM3		No-assign-to argument 2 or 3 for d2dm
+E_D2DM4		Invalid rounding arg 4 for d2dm
+E_G2GMS1	Non-lvalue arguments 2, 3 or 4 for g2gms
+E_G2GMS2	Non-real-number arg 1 for g2gms
+E_G2GMS3	No-assign-to argument 2 or 3 for g2gms
+E_G2GMS4	Invalid rounding arg 5 for g2gms
+E_G2GM1		Non-lvalue arguments 2 or 3 for g2gm
+E_G2GM2		Non-real-number arg 1 for g2gm
+E_G2GM3		No-assign-to argument 2, 3 or 4 for g2gm
+E_G2GM4		Invalid rounding arg 4 for g2gm
+E_H2HMS1	Non-lvalue arguments 2, 3 or 4 for h2hms
+E_H2HMS2	Non-real-number arg 1 for h2hms
+E_H2HMS3	No-assign-to argument 2, 3 or 4 for h2hms
+E_H2HMS4	Invalid rounding arg 5 for h2hms
+E_H2HM1		Non-lvalue arguments 2 or 3 for h2hm
+E_H2HM2		Non-real-number arg 1 for h2hm
+E_H2HM3		No-assign-to argument 2 or 3 for h2hm
+E_H2HM4		Invalid rounding arg 4 for h2hm
+E_DMS2D1	Non-real-number aarguments 1, 2 or 3 for dms2d
+E_DMS2D2	Invalid rounding arg 4 for dms2d
+E_DM2D1		Non-real-number aarguments 1 or 2 for dm2d
+E_DM2D2		Invalid rounding arg 4 for dm2d
+E_GMS2G1	Non-real-number aarguments 1, 2 or 3 for gms2g
+E_GMS2G2	Invalid rounding arg 4 for gms2g
+E_GM2G1		Non-real-number aarguments 1 or 2 for gm2g
+E_GM2G2		Invalid rounding arg 4 for gm2g
+E_HMS2H1	Non-real-number aarguments 1, 2 or 3 for hms2h
+E_HMS2H2	Invalid rounding arg 4 for hms2h
+E_HM2H1		Non-real-number aarguments 1 or 2 for hm2h
+E_HM2H2		Invalid rounding arg 4 for hm2h

config.c

@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@ STATIC NAMETYPE modes[] = {
 	{"scientific",	MODE_EXP},
 	{"sci",		MODE_EXP},
 	{"exp",		MODE_EXP},
+	{"engineering",	MODE_ENG},
+	{"eng",		MODE_ENG},
 	{"hexadecimal", MODE_HEX},
 	{"hex",		MODE_HEX},
 	{"octal",	MODE_OCTAL},

const.c

@@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ initconstants(void)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	consttable = (NUMBER **) malloc(sizeof(NUMBER *) * CONSTALLOCSIZE);
+	consttable = (NUMBER **) calloc(sizeof(NUMBER *), CONSTALLOCSIZE);
 	if (consttable == NULL) {
 		math_error("Unable to allocate constant table");
 		/*NOTREACHED*/
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < INITCONSTCOUNT; i++)
+	for (i = 0; initnumbs[i] != NULL; i++) {
 		consttable[i] = initnumbs[i];
-	consttable[INITCONSTCOUNT] = NULL;	/* firewall */
-	constcount = INITCONSTCOUNT;
-	constavail = CONSTALLOCSIZE - INITCONSTCOUNT;
+	}
+	constcount = i-1;
+	constavail = CONSTALLOCSIZE - constcount;
 }
 
 
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ addqconstant(NUMBER *q)
 	tp = consttable;
 	for (index = 0; index < constcount; index++, tp++) {
 		t = *tp;
+		if (t == NULL) {	/* paranoia */
+			break;
+		}
 		if (t->links == 0) {
 			if (!havefirst) {
 				havefirst = TRUE;

custom/HOW_TO_ADD

@@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ Step 5: Write your custom function
 
     One is able to set bit 8 by way of the calc command line:
 
-    	calc -D 128
+	calc -D 128
 
     See the calc man page for details.  One may also set that bit
     while running calc by way of the config() builtin function:
 
-    	config("calc_debug", 128);
+	config("calc_debug", 128);
 
     See the help/config file for details on calc_debug.
 

custom/Makefile

@@ -145,6 +145,13 @@ CCBAN= -UUNBAN
 
 
 #if 0	/* start of skip for non-Gnu makefiles */
+
+# Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between
+# Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make
+# is NOT recommended.  Sorry.
+#
+.NOTPARALLEL:
+
 ##############################################################################
 #-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Identify the target machine, if possible -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-#
 ##############################################################################
@@ -489,7 +496,7 @@ EXT=
 
 # The default calc versions
 #
-VERSION= 2.13.0.1
+VERSION= 2.14.0.9
 
 # Names of shared libraries with versions
 #
@@ -1077,7 +1084,7 @@ CALCPATH= .;./cal;~/.cal;${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR};${T}${CUSTOMCALDIR}
 else
 CALCPATH= .;./cal;~/.cal;${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}
 endif
-CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup;~/.calcrc;./.calcinit
+CALCRC= ./.calcinit;~/.calcrc;${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
 #
 BLD_TYPE= calc-static-only
 #

custom/Makefile.head

@@ -145,6 +145,13 @@ CCBAN= -UUNBAN
 
 
 #if 0	/* start of skip for non-Gnu makefiles */
+
+# Unfortunately due to the complex dependency issues between
+# Makefile, Makefile.ship and custom/Makefile, parallel GNU make
+# is NOT recommended.  Sorry.
+#
+.NOTPARALLEL:
+
 ##############################################################################
 #-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Identify the target machine, if possible -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-#
 ##############################################################################
@@ -489,7 +496,7 @@ EXT=
 
 # The default calc versions
 #
-VERSION= 2.13.0.1
+VERSION= 2.14.0.9
 
 # Names of shared libraries with versions
 #

custom/pmodm127

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     This custom function will return the value:
 
-    	q mod 2^(2^127-1)
+	q mod 2^(2^127-1)
 
     This custom function serves as a demonstration of how to write
     a custom function.  It performs the equivalent of:

file.c

@@ -1048,6 +1048,9 @@ idprintf(FILEID id, char *fmt, int count, VALUE **vals)
 		case 'e':
 			newmode = MODE_EXP;
 			break;
+		case 'n':
+			newmode = MODE_ENG;
+			break;
 		case 'g':
 			newmode = MODE_REAL_AUTO;
 			break;

have_fpos_pos.c

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ main(void)
 	printf("#define FPOS_POS_BITS %d\n", FPOS_POS_BITS);
 	printf("#define FPOS_POS_LEN %d\n", int(FPOS_POS_BITS/8));
 # else
-	printf("#define FPOS_POS_BITS %d\n", sizeof(pos.__pos)*8);
-	printf("#define FPOS_POS_LEN %d\n", sizeof(pos.__pos));
+	printf("#define FPOS_POS_BITS %lu\n", sizeof(pos.__pos)*8);
+	printf("#define FPOS_POS_LEN %lu\n", sizeof(pos.__pos));
 # endif
 
 #else

help.c

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/errno.h>
 
 #include "calc.h"
 #include "conf.h"
@@ -83,6 +84,9 @@ STATIC struct help_alias {
 	{"show", "command"},
 	{"stdlib", "resource"},
 	{"question", "questions"},
+	{"dm2d", "dms2d"},
+	{"gm2g", "gms2g"},
+	{"hm2d", "hms2d"},
 	{NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -259,6 +263,7 @@ givehelp(char *type)
 	}
 	snprintf(helppath, snprintf_len, "%s/%s", calc_helpdir, type);
 	helppath[snprintf_len] = '\0';	/* paranoia */
+	errno = 0;
 	stream = fopen(helppath, "r");
 	if (stream != NULL) {
 
@@ -273,30 +278,42 @@ givehelp(char *type)
 	 * open the helpfile (looking in CUSTOMHELPDIR last)
 	 */
 	} else {
-	    char *cust_helppath;	/* path to the custom help file */
-	    size_t cust_snprintf_len;	/* malloced custom snprintf buf len */
+		char *cust_helppath;	  /* path to the custom help file */
+		size_t cust_snprintf_len; /* malloced custom snprintf buf len */
 
-	    cust_snprintf_len = strlen(calc_customhelpdir)+1+strlen(type) + 1;
-	    cust_helppath = (char *)malloc(cust_snprintf_len+1);
-	    if (cust_helppath == NULL) {
-		    fprintf(stderr, "malloc failure for givehelp #1\n");
-		    return;
-	    }
-	    snprintf(cust_helppath, cust_snprintf_len,
-		     "%s/%s", calc_customhelpdir, type);
-	    cust_helppath[cust_snprintf_len] = '\0';	/* paranoia */
-	    stream = fopen(cust_helppath, "r");
-	    if (stream != NULL) {
+		cust_snprintf_len =
+		  strlen(calc_customhelpdir)+1+strlen(type) + 1;
+		cust_helppath = (char *)malloc(cust_snprintf_len+1);
+		if (cust_helppath == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "malloc failure for givehelp #1\n");
+			return;
+		}
+		snprintf(cust_helppath, cust_snprintf_len,
+			 "%s/%s", calc_customhelpdir, type);
+		cust_helppath[cust_snprintf_len] = '\0';	/* paranoia */
+		errno = 0;
+		stream = fopen(cust_helppath, "r");
+		if (stream != NULL) {
 
-		    /*
-		     * we have the help file open, now display it
-		     */
-		    page_file(stream);
-		    (void) fclose(stream);
-	    }
-	    free(cust_helppath);
-	    cust_helppath = NULL;
+			/*
+			 * we have the help file open, now display it
+			 */
+			page_file(stream);
+			(void) fclose(stream);
 
+		/* unable to open help file */
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "unable to open help file: %s - %s\n",
+					type, strerror(errno));
+		}
+		free(cust_helppath);
+		cust_helppath = NULL;
+
+#else /* CUSTOM */
+	/* unable to open help file */
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "unable to open help file: %s - %s\n",
+				type, strerror(errno));
 #endif /* CUSTOM */
 	}
 

help/Makefile

@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ BLT_HELP_FILES= ${BLT_HELP_FILES_3} ${BLT_HELP_FILES_5} \
 #
 # Please use:
 #
-#	make detail_help_list
+#	make clobber >/dev/null && make detail_help_list
 #
 # to keep this list in nice sorted order.
 #
@@ -364,14 +364,15 @@ DETAIL_HELP= abs access acos acosh acot acoth acsc acsch address agd \
 	append appr arg argv arrow asec asech asin asinh assign atan atan2 \
 	atanh avg base base2 bernoulli bit blk blkcpy blkfree blocks bround \
 	btrunc calc_tty calclevel calcpath catalan ceil cfappr cfsim char \
-	cmdbuf cmp comb conj cos cosh cot coth count cp csc csch ctime delete \
-	den dereference det digit digits display dp epsilon errcount errmax \
-	errno error estr euler eval exp fact factor fclose fcnt feof ferror \
-	fflush fgetc fgetfield fgetfile fgetline fgets fgetstr fib files floor \
-	fopen forall fpathopen fprintf fputc fputs fputstr frac free \
-	freebernoulli freeeuler freeglobals freeredc freestatics frem freopen \
-	fscan fscanf fseek fsize ftell gcd gcdrem gd getenv hash head highbit \
-	hmean hnrmod hypot ilog ilog10 ilog2 im indices inputlevel insert int \
+	cmdbuf cmp comb conj cos cosh cot coth count cp csc csch ctime d2dm \
+	d2dms d2g d2r delete den dereference det digit digits display dms2d dp \
+	epsilon errcount errmax errno error estr euler eval exp fact factor \
+	fclose fcnt feof ferror fflush fgetc fgetfield fgetfile fgetline fgets \
+	fgetstr fib files floor fopen forall fpathopen fprintf fputc fputs \
+	fputstr frac free freebernoulli freeeuler freeglobals freeredc \
+	freestatics frem freopen fscan fscanf fseek fsize ftell g2d g2gm g2gms \
+	g2r gcd gcdrem gd getenv gms2g h2hm h2hms hash head highbit hmean \
+	hms2h hnrmod hypot ilog ilog10 ilog2 im indices inputlevel insert int \
 	inverse iroot isalnum isalpha isassoc isatty isblk iscntrl isconfig \
 	isdefined isdigit iserror iseven isfile isgraph ishash isident isint \
 	islist islower ismat ismult isnull isnum isobj isobjtype isodd isprime \
@@ -381,11 +382,11 @@ DETAIL_HELP= abs access acos acosh acot acoth acsc acsch address agd \
 	matsum mattrace mattrans max memsize meq min minv mmin mne mod modify \
 	name near newerror nextcand nextprime norm null num oldvalue ord param \
 	perm pfact pi pix places pmod polar poly pop popcnt pound power \
-	prevcand prevprime printf prompt protect ptest push putenv questions \
-	quo quomod rand randbit random randombit randperm rcin rcmul rcout \
-	rcpow rcsq re remove reverse rewind rm root round rsearch runtime \
-	saveval scale scan scanf search sec sech seed segment select sgn sha1 \
-	sin sinh size sizeof sleep sort sqrt srand srandom ssq stoponerror str \
+	prevcand prevprime printf prompt protect ptest push putenv quo quomod \
+	r2d r2g rand randbit random randombit randperm rcin rcmul rcout rcpow \
+	rcsq re remove reverse rewind rm root round rsearch runtime saveval \
+	scale scan scanf search sec sech seed segment select sgn sha1 sin sinh \
+	size sizeof sleep sort sqrt srand srandom ssq stoponerror str \
 	strcasecmp strcat strcmp strcpy strerror strlen strncasecmp strncmp \
 	strncpy strpos strprintf strscan strscanf strtolower strtoupper substr \
 	sum swap system systime tail tan tanh test time trunc usertime version \
@@ -730,7 +731,7 @@ distlist: ${DISTLIST}
 	    if [ X"$$i" != X"/dev/null" ]; then \
 		echo help/$$i; \
 	    fi; \
-	done | LANG=C ${SORT}
+	done | fgrep -v '.bak' | LANG=C ${SORT}
 
 distdir:
 	${Q} echo help

help/base

@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
 			"sci"
 			"exp"
 
+	    1000	"engineering"	base 10 notation with exponent
+			"eng"		multiple of 3
+
     For convenience, any non-integer value is assumed to mean base 10
     fractions and any integer >= 2^64 is assumed to mean base 10
     scientific notation.
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
     int math_setmode(int newmode)
 
     NOTE: newmode must be one of MODE_DEFAULT, MODE_FRAC, MODE_INT,
-	  MODE_REAL, MODE_EXP, MODE_HEX, MODE_OCTAL, MODE_BINARY
+	  MODE_REAL, MODE_EXP, MODE_ENG, MODE_HEX, MODE_OCTAL, MODE_BINARY
 
 SEE ALSO
     base2, config, str

help/base2

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
 			"sci"
 			"exp"
 
+	    1000	"engineering"	base 10 notation with exponent
+			"eng"		multiple of 3
+
 	       0	"off"		disable double base output
 
     For convenience, any non-integer non-zero value is assumed to mean
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ EXAMPLE
     10 /* 012 */
     ; base2(16),
     ; 131072
-    	131072 /* 0x20000 */
+	131072 /* 0x20000 */
     ; 2345
 	2345 /* 0x929 */
 
@@ -87,13 +90,13 @@ LINK LIBRARY
     int math_setmode2(int newmode)
 
     NOTE: newmode must be one of MODE_DEFAULT, MODE_FRAC, MODE_INT,
-	  MODE_REAL, MODE_EXP, MODE_HEX, MODE_OCTAL, MODE_BINARY,
+	  MODE_REAL, MODE_EXP, MODE_ENG, MODE_HEX, MODE_OCTAL, MODE_BINARY,
 	  MODE2_OFF
 
 SEE ALSO
     base, config, str
 
-## Copyright (C) 2002  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 2002,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/config

@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
     config("display", int)
 
     The "display" parameter specifies the maximum number of digits after
-    the decimal point to be printed in real or exponential mode in
-    normal unformatted printing (print, strprint, fprint) or in
+    the decimal point to be printed in real, exponential or engineering
+    mode in normal unformatted printing (print, strprint, fprint) or in
     formatted printing (printf, strprintf, fprintf) when precision is not
     specified.	The initial value for oldstd is 20, for newstd 10.
     The parameter may be changed to the value d by either
@@ -234,6 +234,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
 	    "sci"
 	    "exp"
 
+	    "engineering"	base 10 notation with exponent	base(10e6)
+	    "eng"		multiple of 3
+
     Where multiple strings are given, the first string listed is what
     config("mode") will return.
 
@@ -863,10 +866,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
     when a variable name collides with an exist name of a higher scope.
     Examples of collisions are when:
 
-    	* both local and static variables have the same name
-    	* both local and global variables have the same name
-    	* both function parameter and local variables have the same name
-    	* both function parameter and global variables have the same name
+	* both local and static variables have the same name
+	* both local and global variables have the same name
+	* both function parameter and local variables have the same name
+	* both function parameter and global variables have the same name
 
     The initial "redecl_warn" value is 1.
 
@@ -892,7 +895,7 @@ EXAMPLE
 	1
 
     ; config("version")
-    		"2.12.0"
+		"2.12.0"
 
     ; config("all")
 	mode            "real"

help/d2dm

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+NAME
+    d2dm - convert degrees into degrees, and minutes
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    d2dm(degs, d, m [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    degs	real
+    d		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    m		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	mod(degs, 360, rnd)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert degs degrees into d degrees, and m minutes.
+
+    The return value is a normalized number of degrees, and is equivalent
+    to the following:
+
+	return_value = mod(degs, 360, rnd);
+
+    The argument rnd, if not given, defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 360) or a real value in the interval (-360, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 360).
+
+    The d argument will be an integer number of degrees.
+
+    The value d will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	d = int(return_value);
+
+    For some rounding modes, d will be an integer in the interval [0, 360).
+    For other rounding modes, d will be an integer in the interval (-360, 0].
+    For the default round mode, d is in the interval [0, 360).
+
+    The m argument will be a real number of minutes.
+
+    The value m will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = return_value - d;
+	m = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+
+    For some rounding modes, m will be a real value in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, m will be a real value in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, m will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The following shows relationship between the return value and the resulting
+    d, and m values:
+
+	return_value == d + m/60;
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    /* if args are undefined, pre-declare them or assign them as args */
+
+    ; global d, m;
+
+    ; print d2dm(12.3456,d,m), d, m;
+    12.3456 12 20.736
+    ; print d2dm(1234.5678,d,m), d, m;
+    154.5678 154 34.068
+    ; print d2dm(-1234.5678,d,m), d, m;
+    205.4322 205 25.932
+
+    ; print d2dm(654.321,deg=,min=), deg, min;
+    294.321 294 19.26
+    ; print d2dm(-654.321,deg=,min=), deg, min;
+    65.679 65 40.74
+    ; print d2dm(360.321,deg=,min=), deg, min;
+    0.321 0 19.26
+
+    /* certain non-default rounding modes can return negative values */
+
+    ; print d2dm(654.321,deg=,min=,1), deg, min;
+    -65.679 -65 -40.74
+    ; print d2dm(-654.321,deg=,min=,1), deg, min;
+    -294.321 -294 -19.26
+    ; print d2dm(360.321,deg=,min=,1), deg, min;
+    -359.679 -359 -40.74
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/d2dms

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+NAME
+    d2dms - convert degrees into degrees, minutes, and seconds
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    d2dms(degs, d, m, s [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    degs	real
+    d		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    m		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    s		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	mod(degs, 360, rnd)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert degs degrees into d degrees, m minutes, and s seconds.
+
+    The return value is a normalized number of degrees, and is equivalent
+    to the following:
+
+	return_value = mod(degs, 360, rnd);
+
+    The argument rnd, if not given, defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 360) or a real value in the interval (-360, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 360).
+
+    The d argument will be an integer number of degrees.
+
+    The value d will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	d = int(return_value);
+
+    For some rounding modes, d will be an integer in the interval [0, 360).
+    For other rounding modes, d will be an integer in the interval (-360, 0].
+    For the default round mode, d is in the interval [0, 360).
+
+    The m argument will be an integer number of minutes.
+
+    The value m will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = return_value - d;
+	tmp_m = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+	m = int(tmp_m);
+
+    For some rounding modes, m will be an integer in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, m will be an integer in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, m will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The s argument will be a real number of seconds.
+
+    The value s will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = tmp_m - m;
+	free(tmp_m);
+	s = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+
+    For some rounding modes, s will be a real value in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, s will be a real value in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, s will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The following shows relationship between the return value and the resulting
+    d, m, and s values:
+
+	return_value == d + m/60 + s/3600;
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    /* if args are undefined, pre-declare them or assign them as args */
+
+    ; global d, m, s;
+
+    ; print d2dms(12.3456,d,m,s), d, m, s;
+    12.3456 12 20 44.16
+    ; print d2dms(1234.5678,d,m,s), d, m, s;
+    154.5678 154 34 4.08
+    ; print d2dms(-1234.5678,d,m,s), d, m, s;
+    205.4322 205 25 55.92
+
+    ; print d2dms(654.321,deg=,min=,sec=), deg, min, sec;
+    294.321, 294, 19, 15.6
+    ; print d2dms(-654.321,deg=,min=,sec=), deg, min, sec;
+    65.679 65 40 44.4
+    ; print d2dms(360.321,deg=,min=,sec=), deg, min, sec;
+    0.321 0 19 15.6
+
+    /* certain non-default rounding modes can return negative values */
+
+    ; print d2dms(654.321,deg=,min=,sec=,1), deg, min, sec;
+    -65.679 -65 -40 -44.4
+    ; print d2dms(-654.321,deg=,min=,sec=,1), deg, min, sec;
+    -294.321 -294 -19 -15.6
+    ; print d2dms(360.321,deg=,min=,sec=,1), deg, min, sec;
+    -359.679 -359 -40 -44.4
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/d2g

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+NAME
+    d2g - convert degrees to gradians
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    d2g(x [,eps])
+
+TYPES
+    x		number (real or complex)
+    eps		nonzero real, defaults to epsilon()
+
+    return	number
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Given x degrees, return the equivalent number of gradians.
+
+    The eps argument is ignored.
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print d2g(45), d2g(180), d2g(30)
+    50 200 ~33.33333333333333333333
+
+    ; print d2g(3i+2)
+    ~2.22222222222222222222+~3.33333333333333333333i
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    d2r, r2d, g2r, r2g, g2d,
+    sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, epsilon
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/07 12:04:28
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/d2r

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+NAME
+    d2r - convert degrees to radians
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    d2r(x [,eps])
+
+TYPES
+    x		number (real or complex)
+    eps		nonzero real, defaults to epsilon()
+
+    return	number
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Given x degrees, return the equivalent number of radians.
+
+    The eps controls the precision of the calculated internal
+    constant pi / 180.
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print d2r(45), d2r(180), d2r(30)
+    ~0.78539816339744830962 3.14159265358979323846 ~0.52359877559829887308
+
+    ; print d2r(3i+2)
+    ~0.03490658503988659154+~0.05235987755982988731i
+
+    ; print sin(d2r(30)), cos(d2r(60)), tan(d2r(45))
+    0.5 0.5 1
+
+LIMITS
+    eps > 0
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    NUMBER *qpidiv180(NUMBER *eps)
+
+SEE ALSO
+    r2d, g2r, r2g, d2g, g2d,
+    sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, epsilon
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/07 12:04:28
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/digit

@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ EXAMPLE
 	; for (n = 6; n >= -6; n--) print digit(a, n, 256),; print
 	0 0 0 0 1 226 64 201 251 231 108 139 67
 
-  	; for (n = 1; n >= -12; n++) print digit(10/7, n),; print
-    	; 0 1 4 2 8 5 7 1 4 2 8 5 7 1
+	; for (n = 1; n >= -12; n++) print digit(10/7, n),; print
+	; 0 1 4 2 8 5 7 1 4 2 8 5 7 1
 
 	; print digit(10/7, -7e1000, 1e6)
 	428571
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
 SEE ALSO
     bit
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2006,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/display

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     The builtin function:
 
-    	display(d)
+	display(d)
 	display()
 
     is an alias for:
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
 SEE ALSO
     config, epsilon, fprintf, printf, strprintf
 
-## Copyright (C) 2004,2018  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 2004,2018,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/dms2d

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+NAME
+    dm2d, dms2d - convert degrees, minutes, and seconds to degrees
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    dm2d(d, m [,rnd])
+    dms2d(d, m, s [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    d		real
+    m		real
+    s		real (defauls to 0)
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	degrees
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert degrees, m minutes, and s seconds returning degrees.
+
+    The return value in degrees, is quivalent to the following:
+
+	mod(d + m/60 + s/3600, 360, rnd);
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 360) or a real value in the interval (-360, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 360).
+
+    A missing rnd defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    The dm2d(d, m, rnd) builtin is an alias for dms2d(d, m, 0, rnd).
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print dm2d(203, 325.5594);
+    208.42599
+    ; print dm2d(3601, -25.5594);
+    0.57401
+    ; print dm2d(-923, -25.5594);
+    156.57401
+
+    ; print dms2d(12, 20, 44.16);
+    12.3456
+    ; print dms2d(123.456, -345.68, 4.08);
+    117.6958
+    ; print dms2d(-65, -40, -44.4);
+    294.321
+
+    ; print dm2d(203, 325.5594, 1);
+    -151.57401
+    ; print dms2d(12, 20, 44.16, 1);
+    -347.6544
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/fopen

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     (*) NOTE on 'b' / binary/text mode:
 
-    	The 'b' or fopen binary mode has no effect on POSIX / Linux
+	The 'b' or fopen binary mode has no effect on POSIX / Linux
 	/ Un*x-like systems.  On those systems a text file is the
 	same as a binary file (as it should be for any modern-day
 	operating system).  Adding 'b' to an fopen has no effect
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
     Names of files are subject to ~ expansion just like the C or
     Korn shell.	 For example, the file name:
 
-	~/lib/gleet
+	~/lib/fizzbin
 
-    refers to the file 'gleet' under the directory lib located
+    refers to the file 'fizzbin' under the directory lib located
     in your home directory.  The file name:
 
 	~chongo/was_here
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ SEE ALSO
     fprintf, fputc, fputs, fseek, fsize, ftell, isfile, printf, prompt,
     fpathopen, strerror
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2006,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/fpathopen

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
     Absolute filenames, and filenames with an implied path are files
     that begin with:
 
-    	/	# absolute path
+	/	# absolute path
 	./	# implied path through the current working directory
 	../	# implied path through the current working directory parent
 	~	# absolute path going through a home directory
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ DESCRIPTION
     A search path is a :-separated list of directories used to search for
     a filename.  For example:
 
-    	fpathopen("whey", "r", ".:/tmp:/var/tmp:~chongo/pub:~/tmp");
+	fpathopen("whey", "r", ".:/tmp:/var/tmp:~chongo/pub:~/tmp");
 
     will cause this function to open the first readable file it
     files while searching through these paths in order:
 
-    	./whey
+	./whey
 	/tmp/whey
 	/var/tmp/whey
 	~chongo/pub/whey
@@ -46,16 +46,16 @@ DESCRIPTION
     to open files under the given mode.  If the mode allows for
     writing and a file can be created, then that file is returned.
 
-    This call open "./gleet" for writing if the current directory is
-    writable, even if "./gleet" did not previously exist:
+    This call open "./fizzbin" for writing if the current directory is
+    writable, even if "./fizzbin" did not previously exist:
 
-    	fpathopen("gleet", "r", ".:/tmp:/var/tmp:~chongo/pub:~/tmp");
+	fpathopen("fizzbin", "r", ".:/tmp:/var/tmp:~chongo/pub:~/tmp");
 
     This call will likely open (and create if needded) for appending,
     the file "/tmp/log" assuming that the user is not allowed to
     create files in the previous system directories:
 
-    	fpathopen("log", "a", "/:/etc:/bin:/usr/bin:/tmp");
+	fpathopen("log", "a", "/:/etc:/bin:/usr/bin:/tmp");
 
     The CALCPATH search path is taken from the $CALCPATH environment
     variable or if no such variable exists, a compiled in default search
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     (*) NOTE on 'b' / binary/text mode:
 
-    	The 'b' or fopen binary mode has no effect on POSIX / Linux
+	The 'b' or fopen binary mode has no effect on POSIX / Linux
 	/ Un*x-like systems.  On those systems a text file is the
 	same as a binary file (as it should be for any modern-day
 	operating system).  Adding 'b' to an fopen has no effect
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
     Names of files are subject to ~ expansion just like the C or
     Korn shell.	 For example, the file name:
 
-	~/lib/gleet
+	~/lib/fizbin
 
-    refers to the file 'gleet' under the directory lib located
+    refers to the file 'fizbin' under the directory lib located
     in your home directory.  The file name:
 
 	~chongo/was_here
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ SEE ALSO
     fprintf, fputc, fputs, fseek, fsize, ftell, isfile, printf, prompt,
     environment, calcpath
 
-## Copyright (C) 2006  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 2006,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/g2d

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+NAME
+    g2d - convert gradians to degrees
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    g2d(x [,eps])
+
+TYPES
+    x		number (real or complex)
+    eps		nonzero real, defaults to epsilon()
+
+    return	number
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Given x gradians, return the equivalent number of degrees.
+
+    The eps argument is ignored.
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print g2d(50), g2d(200), g2d(30)
+    45 180 27
+
+    ; print g2d(3i+2)
+    1.8+2.7i
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    d2r, r2d, g2r, r2g, d2g,
+    sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, epsilon
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/07 12:04:28
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/g2gm

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+NAME
+    g2gm - convert gradians into gradians, and minutes
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    g2gm(grads, g, m [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    grads	real
+    g		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    m		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	mod(grads, 400, rnd)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert grads gradians into g gradians, and m minutes.
+
+    The return value is a normalized number of gradians, and is equivalent
+    to the following:
+
+	return_value = mod(grads, 400, rnd);
+
+    The argument rnd, if not given, defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 400) or a real value in the interval (-400, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 400).
+
+    The g argument will be an integer number of gradians.
+
+    The value g will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	g = int(return_value);
+
+    For some rounding modes, g will be an integer in the interval [0, 400).
+    For other rounding modes, g will be an integer in the interval (-400, 0].
+    For the default round mode, g is in the interval [0, 400).
+
+    The m argument will be a real number of minutes.
+
+    The value m will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = return_value - g;
+	m = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+
+    For some rounding modes, m will be a real value in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, m will be a real value in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, m will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The following shows relationship between the return value and the resulting
+    g, and m values:
+
+	return_value == g + m/60;
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    /* if args are undefined, pre-declare them or assign them as args */
+
+    ; global g, m;
+
+    ; print g2gm(12.3456,g,m), g, m;
+    12.3456 12 20.736
+    ; print g2gm(1234.5678,g,m), g, m;
+    34.5678 34 34.068
+    ; print g2gm(-1234.5678,g,m), g, m;
+    365.4322 365 25.932
+
+    ; print g2gm(654.321,grad=,min=), grad, min;
+    254.321 254 19.26
+    ; print g2gm(-654.321,grad=,min=), grad, min;
+    145.679 145 40.74
+    ; print g2gm(400.321,grad=,min=), grad, min;
+    0.321 0 19.26
+
+    /* certain non-default rounding modes can return negative values */
+
+    ; print g2gm(654.321,grad=,min=,1), grad, min;
+    -145.679 -145 -40.74
+    ; print g2gm(-654.321,grad=,min=,1), grad, min;
+    -254.321 -254 -19.26
+    ; print g2gm(400.321,grad=,min=,1), grad, min;
+    -399.679 -399 -40.74
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/g2gms

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+NAME
+    g2gms - convert gradians into gradians, minutes, and seconds
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    g2gms(grads, g, m, s [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    grads	real
+    g		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    m		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    s		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	mod(grads, 400, rnd)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert grads gradians into g gradians, m minutes, and s seconds.
+
+    The return value is a normalized number of gradians, and is equivalent
+    to the following:
+
+	return_value = mod(grads, 400, rnd);
+
+    The argument rnd, if not given, defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 400) or a real value in the interval (-400, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 400).
+
+    The g argument will be an integer number of gradians.
+
+    The value g will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	g = int(return_value);
+
+    For some rounding modes, g will be an integer in the interval [0, 400).
+    For other rounding modes, g will be an integer in the interval (-400, 0].
+    For the default round mode, g is in the interval [0, 400).
+
+    The m argument will be an integer number of minutes.
+
+    The value m will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = return_value - g;
+	tmp_m = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+	m = int(tmp_m);
+
+    For some rounding modes, m will be an integer in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, m will be an integer in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, m will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The s argument will be a real number of seconds.
+
+    The value s will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = tmp_m - m;
+	free(tmp_m);
+	s = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+
+    For some rounding modes, s will be a real value in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, s will be a real value in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, s will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The following shows relationship between the return value and the resulting
+    g, m, and s values:
+
+	return_value == g + m/60 + s/3600;
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    /* if args are undefined, pre-declare them or assign them as args */
+
+    ; global g, m, s;
+
+    ; print g2gms(12.3456,g,m,s), g, m, s;
+    12.3456 12 20 44.16
+    ; print g2gms(1234.5678,g,m,s), g, m, s;
+    34.5678 34 34 4.08
+    ; print g2gms(-1234.5678,g,m,s), g, m, s;
+    365.4322 365 25 55.92
+
+    ; print g2gms(654.321,grad=,min=,sec=), grad, min, sec;
+    254.321 254 19 15.6
+    ; print g2gms(-654.321,grad=,min=,sec=), grad, min, sec;
+    145.679 145 40 44.4
+    ; print g2gms(400.321,grad=,min=,sec=), grad, min, sec;
+    0.321 0 19 15.6
+
+    /* certain non-default rounding modes can return negative values */
+
+    ; print g2gms(654.321,grad=,min=,sec=,1), grad, min, sec;
+    -145.679 -145 -40 -44.4
+    ; print g2gms(-654.321,grad=,min=,sec=,1), grad, min, sec;
+    -254.321 -254 -19 -15.6
+    ; print g2gms(400.321,grad=,min=,sec=,1), grad, min, sec;
+    -399.679 -399 -40 -44.4
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/g2r

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+NAME
+    g2r - convert gradians to radians
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    g2r(x [,eps])
+
+TYPES
+    x		number (real or complex)
+    eps		nonzero real, defaults to epsilon()
+
+    return	number
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Given x gradians, return the equivalent number of radians.
+
+    The eps controls the precision of the calculated internal
+    constant pi / 200.
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print g2r(50), g2r(200), g2r(50)
+    ~0.78539816339744830962 3.14159265358979323846 ~0.78539816339744830962
+
+    ; print g2r(3i+2)
+    ~0.03141592653589793238+~0.04712388980384689858i
+
+    ; print sin(g2r(100/3)), cos(g2r(200/3)), tan(g2r(50))
+    0.5 0.5 1
+
+LIMITS
+    eps > 0
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    NUMBER *qpidiv200(NUMBER *eps)
+
+SEE ALSO
+    d2r, r2d, r2g, d2g, g2d,
+    sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, epsilon
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/07 12:04:28
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/gms2g

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+NAME
+    gm2g, gms2g - convert gradians, minutes, and seconds to gradians
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    gm2g(d, m [,rnd])
+    gms2g(d, m, s [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    d		real
+    m		real
+    s		real (defauls to 0)
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	gradians
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert gradians, m minutes, and s seconds returning gradians.
+
+    The return value in gradians, is quivalent to the following:
+
+	mod(d + m/60 + s/4000, 400, rnd);
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 400) or a real value in the interval (-400, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 400).
+
+    A missing rnd defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    The gm2g(d, m, rnd) builtin is an alias for gms2g(d, m, 0, rnd).
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print gm2g(203, 325.5594);
+    208.42599
+    ; print gm2g(4001, -25.5594);
+    0.57401
+    ; print gm2g(-923, -25.5594);
+    276.57401
+
+    ; print gms2g(12, 20, 44.16);
+    12.3456
+    ; print gms2g(123.456, -345.68, 4.08);
+    117.6958
+    ; print gms2g(-65, -40, -44.4);
+    334.321
+
+    ; print gm2g(203, 325.5594, 1);
+    -191.57401
+    ; print gms2g(12, 20, 44.16, 1);
+    -387.6544
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/h2hm

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+NAME
+    h2hm - convert hours into hours, and minutes
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    h2hm(hours, h, m [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    hours	real
+    h		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    m		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	mod(hours, 24, rnd)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert hours hours into h hours, and m minutes.
+
+    The return value is a normalized number of hours, and is equivalent
+    to the following:
+
+	return_value = mod(hours, 24, rnd);
+
+    The argument rnd, if not given, defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 24) or a real value in the interval (-24, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 24).
+
+    The h argument will be an integer number of hours.
+
+    The value h will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	h = int(return_value);
+
+    For some rounding modes, h will be an integer in the interval [0, 24).
+    For other rounding modes, h will be an integer in the interval (-24, 0].
+    For the default round mode, h is in the interval [0, 24).
+
+    The m argument will be a real number of minutes.
+
+    The value m will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = return_value - h;
+	m = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+
+    For some rounding modes, m will be a real value in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, m will be a real value in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, m will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The following shows relationship between the return value and the resulting
+    h, and m values:
+
+	return_value == h + m/60;
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    /* if args are undefined, pre-declare them or assign them as args */
+
+    ; global h, m;
+
+    ; print h2hm(12.3456,h,m), h, m;
+    12.3456 12 20.736
+    ; print h2hm(1234.5678,h,m), h, m;
+    10.5678 10 34.068
+    ; print h2hm(-1234.5678,h,m), h, m;
+    13.4322 13 25.932
+
+    ; print h2hm(654.321,hour=,min=), hour, min;
+    6.321 6 19.26
+    ; print h2hm(-654.321,hour=,min=), hour, min;
+    17.679 17 40.74
+    ; print h2hm(24.321,hour=,min=), hour, min;
+    0.321 0 19.26
+
+    /* certain non-default rounding modes can return negative values */
+
+    ; print h2hm(654.321,hour=,min=,1), hour, min;
+    -17.679 -17 -40.74
+    ; print h2hm(-654.321,hour=,min=,1), hour, min;
+    -6.321 -6 -19.26
+    ; print h2hm(24.321,hour=,min=,1), hour, min;
+    -23.679 -23 -40.7
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/h2hms

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+NAME
+    h2hms - convert hours into hours, minutes, and seconds
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    h2hms(hours, h, m, s [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    hours	real
+    h		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    m		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    s		null-or-real-valued lvalue with assign-to permission
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	mod(hours, 24, rnd)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert hours hours into h hours, m minutes, and s seconds.
+
+    The return value is a normalized number of hours, and is equivalent
+    to the following:
+
+	return_value = mod(hours, 24, rnd);
+
+    The argument rnd, if not given, defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 24) or a real value in the interval (-24, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 24).
+
+    The h argument will be an integer number of hours.
+
+    The value h will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	h = int(return_value);
+
+    For some rounding modes, h will be an integer in the interval [0, 24).
+    For other rounding modes, h will be an integer in the interval (-24, 0].
+    For the default round mode, h is in the interval [0, 24).
+
+    The m argument will be an integer number of minutes.
+
+    The value m will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = return_value - h;
+	tmp_m = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+	m = int(tmp_m);
+
+    For some rounding modes, m will be an integer in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, m will be an integer in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, m will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The s argument will be a real number of seconds.
+
+    The value s will be set as if the following were used:
+
+	tmp = tmp_m - m;
+	free(tmp_m);
+	s = tmp * 60;
+	free(tmp);
+
+    For some rounding modes, s will be a real value in the interval [0, 60).
+    For other rounding modes, s will be a real value in the interval (-60, 0].
+    For the default round mode, s will be in the interval [0, 60).
+
+    The following shows relationship between the return value and the resulting
+    h, m, and s values:
+
+	return_value == h + m/60 + s/3600;
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    /* if args are undefined, pre-declare them or assign them as args */
+
+    ; global h, m, s;
+
+    ; print h2hms(12.3456,h,m,s), h, m, s;
+    12.3456 12 20 44.16
+    ; print h2hms(1234.5678,h,m,s), h, m, s;
+    10.5678 10 34 4.08
+    ; print h2hms(-1234.5678,h,m,s), h, m, s;
+    13.4322 13 25 55.92
+
+    ; print h2hms(654.321,hour=,min=,sec=), hour, min, sec;
+    6.321 6 19 15.6
+    ; print h2hms(-654.321,hour=,min=,sec=), hour, min, sec;
+    17.679 17 40 44.4
+    ; print h2hms(24.321,hour=,min=,sec=), hour, min, sec;
+    0.321 0 19 15.6
+
+    /* certain non-default rounding modes can return negative values */
+
+    ; print h2hms(654.321,hour=,min=,sec=,1), hour, min, sec;
+    -17.679 -17 -40 -44.4
+    ; print h2hms(-654.321,hour=,min=,sec=,1), hour, min, sec;
+    -6.321 -6 -19 -15.6
+    ; print h2hms(24.321,hour=,min=,sec=,1), hour, min, sec;
+    -23.679 -23 -40 -44.4
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/hash

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
     takes into account more abstract concepts such as data types.
 
     WARNING: Use of FNV-0 is NOT recommended for general purposes.
-    	     Calc uses FNV-0 for internal objects such as associative
+	     Calc uses FNV-0 for internal objects such as associative
 	     arrays as well as other internal processes.  Calc
 	     maintains the use of FNV-0 for backwards compatibility.
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
 SEE ALSO
     ishash, fnv, sha1
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/hms2h

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+NAME
+    hm2h, hms2h - convert hours, minutes, and seconds to hours
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    hm2h(h, m [,rnd])
+    hms2h(h, m, s [,rnd])
+
+TYPES
+    h		real
+    m		real
+    s		real (defauls to 0)
+    rnd		nonnegative integer, defaults to config("mod")
+
+    return	hours
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Convert hours, m minutes, and s seconds returning hours.
+
+    The return value in hours, is quivalent to the following:
+
+	mod(h + m/60 + s/3600, 24, rnd);
+
+    Depending on the rounding mode, the return could be a real value
+    in the interval [0, 24) or a real value in the interval (-24, 0].
+    For the default round mode, the return value is in the interval [0, 24).
+
+    A missing rnd defaults to config("mod").
+    For more information on the effects of rnd, see "help mod".
+
+    The hm2h(h, m, rnd) builtin is an alias for hms2h(h, m, 0, rnd).
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; print hm2h(203, 325.5594);
+    16.42599
+    ; print hm2h(241, -25.5594);
+    0.57401
+    ; print hm2h(-923, -25.5594);
+    12.57401
+
+    ; print hms2h(12, 20, 44.16);
+    12.3456
+    ; print hms2h(123.456, -345.68, 4.08);
+    21.6958
+    ; print hms2h(-65, -40, -44.4);
+    6.321
+
+    ; print hm2h(203, 325.5594, 1);
+    -7.57401
+    ; print hms2h(12, 20, 44.16, 1);
+    -11.6544
+
+
+LIMITS
+    none
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    none
+
+SEE ALSO
+    config, d2dm, d2dms, dm2d, dms2d, g2gm, g2gms, gm2g, gms2g,
+    h2hm, h2hms, hm2d, hms2d, mod
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/25 17:24:51
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/intro

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ What is calc?
 
     and the calculator will print:
 
-    	    15
+	    15
 
     Calc has the usual collection of arithmetic operators +, -, /, *
     as well as ^ (exponentiation), % (modulus) and // (integer divide).
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ What is calc?
 
     Notice that calc values can be very large.  For example:
 
-    	    2^23209-1
+	    2^23209-1
 
     will print:
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ What is calc?
 
     and the calculator prints:
 
-    	    13763753091226345046315979581580902400000000
+	    13763753091226345046315979581580902400000000
 
     The calculator also knows about complex numbers, so that typing:
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ What is calc?
 
     will print:
 
-    	    17+6i
+	    17+6i
 	    -55.50474777265624667147+193.9265235748927986537i
 
     The calculator can calculate transcendental functions, and accept and
@@ -81,19 +81,19 @@ What is calc?
 
     prints:
 
-    	0.8414709848078965066525023216302989996225630607983710656727517099919104
+	0.8414709848078965066525023216302989996225630607983710656727517099919104
 
     Calc can output values in terms of fractions, octal or hexadecimal.
     For example:
 
-    	    config("mode", "fraction"),
+	    config("mode", "fraction"),
 	    (17/19)^23
 	    base(16),
 	    (19/17)^29
 
      will print:
 
-     	    19967568900859523802559065713/257829627945307727248226067259
+	    19967568900859523802559065713/257829627945307727248226067259
 	    0x9201e65bdbb801eaf403f657efcf863/0x5cd2e2a01291ffd73bee6aa7dcf7d1
 
     All numbers are represented as fractions with arbitrarily large

help/issq

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     Note that issq() works on rational values, so:
 
-    	issq(25/16) == 1
+	issq(25/16) == 1
 
     If you want to test for prefect square integers, you need to exclude
     non-integer values before you test:
 
-    	isint(curds) && issq(curds)
+	isint(curds) && issq(curds)
 
 EXAMPLE
     ; print issq(25), issq(3), issq(0)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ SEE ALSO
     isobjtype, isodd, isprime, isrand, israndom, isreal, isrel,
     issimple, isstr, istype
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/jacobi

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
     If y is an odd prime, then the Legendre symbol (x/y) returns:
 
 	(x/y) == 0	x is divisible by y (0 == x % y)
-    	(x/y) == 1	if x is a quadratic residue modulo y
-    	(x/y) == -1	if x is not a quadratic residue modulo y
+	(x/y) == 1	if x is a quadratic residue modulo y
+	(x/y) == -1	if x is not a quadratic residue modulo y
 
     Legendre symbol often denoted as (x/y) as if x/y were a fraction.
 

help/mod

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ NAME
     mod - compute the remainder for an integer quotient
 
 SYNOPSIS
-    mod(x, y, rnd)
+    mod(x, y [,rnd])
     x % y
 
 TYPES
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ TYPES
 DESCRIPTION
     The expression:
 
-    	x % y
+	x % y
 
     is equivalent to call:
 
-    	mod(x, y)
+	mod(x, y)
 
     The function:
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     is equivalent to:
 
-    	config("mod", rnd), x % y
+	config("mod", rnd), x % y
 
     except that the global config("mod") value does not change.
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
 SEE ALSO
     quo, quomod, //, %
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2006,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/overview

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
 
     The man command is an alias for the help command.  Try:
 
-    	    man jacobi
+	    man jacobi
 
     Only calc help files may be displayed by the help and man commands.
 

help/pound

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     As a unary operator:
 
-    	# value
+	# value
 
     returns the number of 1 bits, or pop-count of the absolute value of
     the numerator (abs(num(value))).  Therefore when x is a non-negative
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     For example, of an executable file contains:
 
-    	#!/usr/local/src/bin/calc/calc -q -f
+	#!/usr/local/src/bin/calc/calc -q -f
 	/* NOTE: The #! above must start in column 1 of the 1st line */
 	/* 	 The 1st line must end with -f */
 	## Single # shell comments don't work, use two or more

help/quo

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ NAME
     quo - compute integer quotient of a value by a real number
 
 SYNOPSIS
-    quo(x, y, rnd) or x // y
+    quo(x, y [,rnd]) or x // y
 
 TYPES
     If x is a matrix or list, the returned value is a matrix or list v of

help/r2d

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+NAME
+    r2d - convert radians to degrees
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    r2d(x [,eps])
+
+TYPES
+    x		number (real or complex)
+    eps		nonzero real, defaults to epsilon()
+
+    return	number
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Given x radians, return the equivalent number of degrees.
+
+    The eps controls the precision of the calculated internal
+    constant pi / 180.
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; pi = pi(1e-20)
+    ; print r2d(pi), r2d(pi/3), r2d(2*pi)
+    180 60 360
+
+    ; print r2d(pi+4i), r2d(pi/3 + 1i*pi), r2d(pi/5 + 5i*pi)
+    180+~229.18311805232928350739i 60+180, 36+900i
+
+LIMITS
+    eps > 0
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    NUMBER *qpidiv180(NUMBER *eps)
+
+SEE ALSO
+    d2r, g2r, r2g, d2g, g2d,
+    sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, epsilon
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/07 12:04:28
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/r2g

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+NAME
+    r2g - convert radians to gradians
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    r2g(x [,eps])
+
+TYPES
+    x		number (real or complex)
+    eps		nonzero real, defaults to epsilon()
+
+    return	number
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Given x radians, return the equivalent number of gradians.
+
+    The eps controls the precision of the calculated internal
+    constant pi / 200.
+
+EXAMPLE
+    ; pi = pi()
+    ; print r2g(pi), r2g(pi/3), r2g(2*pi)
+    200 ~66.66666666666666666667 400
+
+    ; print r2g(pi+4i), r2g(pi/4 + 1i*pi), r2g(pi/5 + 5i*pi)
+    200+~254.64790894703253723043i 50+200i 40+1000i
+
+LIMITS
+    eps > 0
+
+LINK LIBRARY
+    NUMBER *qpidiv200(NUMBER *eps)
+
+SEE ALSO
+    d2r, r2d, g2r, d2g, g2d,
+    sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot, epsilon
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/09/07 12:04:28
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

help/rand

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
     Generate a pseudo-random number using an subtractive 100 shuffle generator.
     We return a pseudo-random number over the half closed interval:
 
-    	[min,beyond)	((min <= return < beyond))
+	[min,beyond)	((min <= return < beyond))
 
     By default, min is 0 and beyond is 2^64.
 

help/random

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
     Generate a pseudo-random number using a Blum-Blum-Shub generator.
     We return a pseudo-random number over the half closed interval:
 
-    	[min,beyond)	((min <= return < beyond))
+	[min,beyond)	((min <= return < beyond))
 
     By default, min is 0 and beyond is 2^64.
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
 SEE ALSO
     seed, srand, randbit, isrand, rand, srandom, israndom
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2007  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/statement

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ Statements
 	    help round
 
     See:
-    	    help builtin
+	    help builtin
 
     for a list of builtin functions.
 
@@ -321,11 +321,11 @@ Statements
 
     The man command is an alias for the help command.  For example:
 
-    	    man jacobi
+	    man jacobi
 
     Only calc help files may be displayed by the help and man commands.
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2017  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2017,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/stoponerror

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
     The stoponerror controls when or if calc stops based on the
     number of errors:
 
-    	n == -1		do not stop
+	n == -1		do not stop
 	n == 0		stop on error unless calc was invoked with -c
 	n > 0		stop when n errors are encountered
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
 SEE ALSO
     errcount, errmax, errorcodes, iserror, errno, strerror, newerror
 
-## Copyright (C) 2006  Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 2006,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/strcmp

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ EXAMPLE
     strcmp("abc", "abb") == 1
     strcmp("abc", "abc") == 0
     strcmp("abc", "abd") == -1
+    strcmp("desk", "Shabisky") == 1
+    strcmp("Shabisky", "desk") == -1
     strcmp("abc\0", "abc") == 1
     strcmp("a\0b", "a\0c") == -1
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ SEE ALSO
     strcat, strcpy, strerror, strlen, strncmp, strncpy, strpos,
     strprintf, strscan, strscanf, substr
 
-## Copyright (C) 2006  Ernest Bowen
+## Copyright (C) 2006,2021  Ernest Bowen
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License

help/strtolower

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
 EXAMPLE
     ; strtolower(" GNU Lesser General Public License");
-    	" gnu lesser general public license"
+	" gnu lesser general public license"
 
 LIMITS
     none.

help/strtoupper

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
 EXAMPLE
     ; strtoupper(" GNU Lesser General Public License");
-    	" GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE"
+	" GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE"
 
 LIMITS
     none.

help/unexpected

@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ Unexpected
 
     Be careful about the precedence of operators.  Note that:
 
-    	-1 ^ 0.5 == -1
+	-1 ^ 0.5 == -1
 
     whereas:
 
-    	(-1) ^ 0.5 == 1i
+	(-1) ^ 0.5 == 1i
 
     because the above expression in parsed as:
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Unexpected
 
     whereas:
 
-    	(-1) ^ 0.5 == 1i
+	(-1) ^ 0.5 == 1i
 
 
     op= operators associate left to right
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Unexpected
 
 	1<<8/2
 
-    evalues to 128, not 16, because <<8 is performed before the /2.
+    evaluates to 128, not 16, because <<8 is performed before the /2.
 
 
     &A[0] and A are different things in calc
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Unexpected
     A single # is an calc operator, not a comment.  However two or more
     ##'s in a row is a comment.  See "help pound" for more information.
 
-    	#!/usr/local/src/bin/calc/calc -q -f
+	#!/usr/local/src/bin/calc/calc -q -f
 
 	/* a correct comment */
 	## another correct comment
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ Unexpected
 
     This next example is WRONG:
 
-    	#!/usr/local/src/bin/calc/calc -q -f
+	#!/usr/local/src/bin/calc/calc -q -f
 
 	# This is not a calc calc comment because it has only a single #
 	# You must to start comments with ## or /*
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ Unexpected
 
     In most interactive shells:
 
-    	calc 2 * 3
+	calc 2 * 3
 
     will frequently produce a "Missing operator" error because the '*' is
     evaluated as a "shell glob".  To avoid this you must quote or escape
@@ -358,11 +358,11 @@ Unexpected
 
     For example, bash / ksh / sh shell users should use:
 
-    	calc '2 * 3'
+	calc '2 * 3'
 
     or:
 
-    	calc 2 \* 3
+	calc 2 \* 3
 
     or some other form of shell meta-character escaping.
 
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ Unexpected
 
     To avoid this problem, use:
 
-    	seq 5 | while read i; do calc "($i+3)^2" </dev/null; done
+	seq 5 | while read i; do calc "($i+3)^2" </dev/null; done
 
     which produces the expected results:
 
@@ -529,6 +529,34 @@ Unexpected
 	; help fclose
 
 
+    trig functions use only radians
+    ===============================
+
+    Some might be surprised to discover that all of the trigonometric in calc:
+
+	sin, cos, tan, sec, csc, cot
+	asin, acos, atan, asec, acsc, acot
+
+    work in only radians.
+
+    Calc as builtin functions to convert between degrees, radians and gradians:
+
+	d2r(deg)	- given degrees returns radians
+	g2r(grad)	- given gradians returns radians
+
+	r2d(rad)	- given radians returns degrees
+	g2d(grad)	- given gradians returns degrees
+
+	r2g(rad)	- given radians returns gradians
+	d2g(deg)	- given degrees returns gradians
+
+    For example, if you want to take the sin of 30 degrees, convert
+    the 30 degrees into radians and pass the result to sin():
+
+	; print sin(d2r(30))
+	0.5
+
+
 ## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014,2017,2021  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under

help/version

@@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
     Calc version strings can be of the form:
 
-    	x.y.z.w
-    	x.y.z
-    	x.y
+	x.y.z.w
+	x.y.z
+	x.y
 
     where x, y, z, w, v are integers (without leading 0's) and,
     t is the literal character 't'.
 
 EXAMPLE
     ; version()
-    	    "2.11.5.4"
+	    "2.11.5.4"
 
 LIMITS
     none

input.c

@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ addreadset(char *name, char *path, struct stat *sbuf)
 	 * like UNIX inodes. _fullpath also allocated the memory for
 	 * this new longer path name.
 	 */
- 	 {
+	 {
 		readset[ret].path = _fullpath(NULL, path, MSDOS_MAX_PATH);
 		if (readset[ret].path == NULL) {
 			return -1;

qfunc.c

@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ qdigit(NUMBER *q, ZVALUE dpos, ZVALUE base)
 	/*
 	 * In the first stage, q is expressed as base^k * N/D where
 	 *	gcd(D, base) = 1
-  	 * K is k as a ZVALUE
+	 * K is k as a ZVALUE
 	 */
 	base.sign = 0;
 	if (ziszero(base) || zisunit(base))

qio.c

@@ -247,6 +247,37 @@ qprintnum(NUMBER *q, int outmode, LEN outdigits)
 		PRINTF1("e%ld", exp);
 		break;
 
+    case MODE_ENG:
+		if (qiszero(q)) {
+			PUTCHAR('0');
+			return;
+		}
+		tmpval = *q;
+		tmpval.num.sign = 0;
+		exp = qilog10(&tmpval);
+		if (exp == 0) {		/* in range to output as real */
+			qprintnum(q, MODE_REAL, outdigits);
+			return;
+		}
+		tmpval.num = _one_;
+		tmpval.den = _one_;
+		if (exp > 0) {
+            exp -= exp % 3;
+			ztenpow(exp, &tmpval.den);
+        } else {
+            long remainder = exp % 3;
+            if (remainder)
+                exp -= remainder + 3;
+			ztenpow(-exp, &tmpval.num);
+        }
+		q = qmul(q, &tmpval);
+		zfree(tmpval.num);
+		zfree(tmpval.den);
+		qprintnum(q, MODE_REAL, outdigits);
+		qfree(q);
+		if (exp) PRINTF1("e%ld", exp);
+        break;
+
 	case MODE_REAL_AUTO:
 	{
 		const int P = conf->outdigits ? conf->outdigits : 1;

qmath.c

@@ -44,9 +44,21 @@ NUMBER _qnegone_ =	{ { _oneval_, 1, 1 }, { _oneval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
 NUMBER _qonehalf_ =	{ { _oneval_, 1, 0 }, { _twoval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
 NUMBER _qneghalf_ = 	{ { _oneval_, 1, 1 }, { _twoval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
 NUMBER _qonesqbase_ =	{ { _oneval_, 1, 0 }, { _sqbaseval_, 2, 0 }, 1, NULL };
+NUMBER _qtendivnine_ =	{ { _tenval_, 1, 0 }, { _nineval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
+NUMBER _qninedivten_ =	{ { _nineval_, 1, 0 }, { _tenval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
+NUMBER _qthreesixty =	{ { _threesixtyval_, 1, 0 },
+			  { _oneval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
+NUMBER _qfourhundred =	{ { _fourhundredval_, 1, 0 },
+			  { _oneval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
+NUMBER _qtwentyfour =	{ { _twentyfourval_, 1, 0 },
+			  { _oneval_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
 
-NUMBER * initnumbs[INITCONSTCOUNT] = {&_qzero_, &_qone_, &_qtwo_, &_qthree_,
-	&_qfour_, &_qten_, &_qnegone_, &_qonehalf_, &_qneghalf_};
+NUMBER * initnumbs[] = {&_qzero_, &_qone_, &_qtwo_, &_qthree_,
+	&_qfour_, &_qten_, &_qnegone_, &_qonehalf_, &_qneghalf_,
+	&_qonesqbase_, &_qtendivnine_, &_qninedivten_,
+	&_qthreesixty, &_qfourhundred, &_qtwentyfour,
+	NULL	/* must be last */
+};
 
 
 /*
@@ -1478,7 +1490,7 @@ shownumbers(void)
 	printf("Index  Links  Digits	       Value\n");
 	printf("-----  -----  ------	       -----\n");
 
-	for (i = 0, k = 0; i < INITCONSTCOUNT; i++) {
+	for (i = 0, k = 0; initnumbs[i] != NULL; i++) {
 		count++;
 		vp = initnumbs[i];
 		printf("%6ld  %4ld  ", k++, vp->links);

qmath.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * qmath - declarations for extended precision rational arithmetic
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014  David I. Bell
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014,2021  David I. Bell
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@
 #endif
 
 
-#define INITCONSTCOUNT 9    /* number of initnumbs[] pre-defined constants */
-
 /*
  * Rational arithmetic definitions.
  */
@@ -213,6 +211,8 @@ E_FUNC NUMBER *qacsch(NUMBER *q, NUMBER *epsilon);
 E_FUNC NUMBER *qacoth(NUMBER *q, NUMBER *epsilon);
 E_FUNC NUMBER *qlegtoleg(NUMBER *q, NUMBER *epsilon, BOOL wantneg);
 E_FUNC NUMBER *qpi(NUMBER *epsilon);
+E_FUNC NUMBER *qpidiv180(NUMBER *epsilon);
+E_FUNC NUMBER *qpidiv200(NUMBER *epsilon);
 E_FUNC NUMBER *qcatalan(NUMBER *);
 E_FUNC NUMBER *qbern(ZVALUE z);
 E_FUNC void qfreebern(void);
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ static inline NUMBER* qlink(NUMBER* q) { if(q) { (q)->links++; } return q; }
  */
 EXTERN NUMBER _qzero_, _qone_, _qnegone_, _qonehalf_, _qneghalf_, _qonesqbase_;
 EXTERN NUMBER _qtwo_, _qthree_, _qfour_, _qten_;
+EXTERN NUMBER _qtendivnine_, _qninedivten_;
+EXTERN NUMBER _qthreesixty, _qfourhundred, _qtwentyfour;
 EXTERN NUMBER * initnumbs[];
 
 

qtrans.c

@@ -47,7 +47,40 @@ NUMBER _qlge_ = { { _qlgenum_, 1, 0 }, { _qlgeden_, 1, 0 }, 1, NULL };
 STATIC NUMBER *ln_10 = NULL;
 STATIC NUMBER *ln_10_epsilon = NULL;
 
-STATIC NUMBER *pivalue[2];
+/*
+ * cache pi
+ *
+ * pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON] - last epsilon used to calculate pi
+ * pivalue[LAST_PI_VALUE] - last calculated pi
+ *			      given pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON] epsilon
+ * pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON] - last epsilon used to calculate pi/180
+ * pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE] - last calculated pi/180 given
+ *				      pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON] epsilon
+ * pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON] - last epsilon used to calculate pi/200
+ * pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE] - last calculated pi/200 given
+ *				      pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON] epsilon
+ */
+enum pi_cache {
+	LAST_PI_EPSILON = 0,
+	LAST_PI_VALUE,
+	LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON,
+	LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE,
+	LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON,
+	LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE,
+	PI_CACHE_LEN	/* must be last */
+};
+STATIC NUMBER *pivalue[PI_CACHE_LEN] = {
+	NULL,	/* LAST_PI_EPSILON */
+	NULL,	/* LAST_PI_VALUE */
+	NULL,	/* LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON */
+	NULL,	/* LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE */
+	NULL,	/* LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON */
+	NULL,	/* LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE */
+};
+
+/*
+ * other static function decls
+ */
 STATIC NUMBER *qexprel(NUMBER *q, long bitnum);
 
 /*
@@ -725,16 +758,25 @@ qpi(NUMBER *epsilon)
 	long bits;			/* needed number of bits of precision */
 	long t;
 
+	/* firewall */
 	if (qiszero(epsilon)) {
 		math_error("zero epsilon value for pi");
 		/*NOTREACHED*/
 	}
-	if (epsilon == pivalue[0])
-		return qlink(pivalue[1]);
-	if (pivalue[0]) {
-		qfree(pivalue[0]);
-		qfree(pivalue[1]);
+
+	/* use pi cache if epsilon marches, else flush if needed */
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON] != NULL &&
+	    pivalue[LAST_PI_VALUE] != NULL &&
+	    epsilon == pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON]) {
+		return qlink(pivalue[LAST_PI_VALUE]);
 	}
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON] != NULL) {
+		qfree(pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON]);
+	}
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_VALUE] != NULL) {
+		qfree(pivalue[LAST_PI_VALUE]);
+	}
+
 	bits = -qilog2(epsilon) + 4;
 	if (bits < 4)
 		bits = 4;
@@ -768,11 +810,100 @@ qpi(NUMBER *epsilon)
 	zfree(sum);
 	r = qmappr(t1, epsilon, 24L);
 	qfree(t1);
-	pivalue[0] = qlink(epsilon);
-	pivalue[1] = qlink(r);
+	pivalue[LAST_PI_EPSILON] = qlink(epsilon);
+	pivalue[LAST_PI_VALUE] = qlink(r);
 	return r;
 }
 
+
+/*
+ * qpidiv180 - calcucalte pi / 180
+ *
+ * This function returns pi/180 as used to covert between radians and degrees.
+ */
+NUMBER *
+qpidiv180(NUMBER *epsilon)
+{
+	NUMBER *pi, *pidiv180;
+
+	/* firewall */
+	if (qiszero(epsilon)) {
+		math_error("zero epsilon value for qpidiv180");
+		/*NOTREACHED*/
+	}
+
+	/* use pi/180 cache if epsilon marches, else flush if needed */
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON] != NULL &&
+	    pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE] != NULL &&
+	    epsilon == pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON]) {
+		return qlink(pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE]);
+	}
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON] != NULL) {
+		qfree(pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON]);
+	}
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE] != NULL) {
+		qfree(pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE]);
+	}
+
+	/* let qpi() returned cached pi or calculate new as needed */
+	pi = qpi(epsilon);
+
+	/* calculate pi/180 */
+	pidiv180 = qdivi(pi, 180);
+
+	/* cache epsilon and pi/180 */
+	pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_EPSILON] = qlink(epsilon);
+	pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_180_VALUE] = qlink(pidiv180);
+
+	/* return pi/180 */
+	return pidiv180;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * qpidiv200 - calcucalte pi / 200
+ *
+ * This function returns pi/200 as used to covert between radians and gradians.
+ */
+NUMBER *
+qpidiv200(NUMBER *epsilon)
+{
+	NUMBER *pi, *pidiv200;
+
+	/* firewall */
+	if (qiszero(epsilon)) {
+		math_error("zero epsilon value for qpidiv200");
+		/*NOTREACHED*/
+	}
+
+	/* use pi/200 cache if epsilon marches, else flush if needed */
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON] != NULL &&
+	    pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE] != NULL &&
+	    epsilon == pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON]) {
+		return qlink(pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE]);
+	}
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON] != NULL) {
+		qfree(pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON]);
+	}
+	if (pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE] != NULL) {
+		qfree(pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE]);
+	}
+
+	/* let qpi() returned cached pi or calculate new as needed */
+	pi = qpi(epsilon);
+
+	/* calculate pi/200 */
+	pidiv200 = qdivi(pi, 200);
+
+	/* cache epsilon and pi/200 */
+	pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_EPSILON] = qlink(epsilon);
+	pivalue[LAST_PI_DIV_200_VALUE] = qlink(pidiv200);
+
+	/* return pi/200 */
+	return pidiv200;
+}
+
+
 /*
  * Calculate the exponential function to the nearest or next to nearest
  * multiple of the positive number epsilon.

str.c

@@ -939,9 +939,9 @@ stringcaserel(STRING *s1, STRING *s2)
 		c2++;
 	}
 	if ( (tolower(*c1)) > (tolower(*c2)))
-        	return 1;
+		return 1;
 	if ( (tolower(*c1)) <  (tolower(*c2)))
-        	return -1;
+		return -1;
 	if (i1 < i2) return -1;
 	return (i1 > i2);
 }

version.c

@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ static char *program;
 
 
 #define MAJOR_VER	2	/* major library version */
-#define MINOR_VER	13	/* minor library version */
+#define MINOR_VER	14	/* minor library version */
 #define MAJOR_PATCH	0	/* major software version level */
-#define MINOR_PATCH	1	/* minor software version level */
+#define MINOR_PATCH	9	/* minor software version level */
 
 
 /*
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ char *Copyright = "\n"
   "calc - arbitrary precision calculator\n"
   "\n"
   "Copyright (C) 1999-2021  David I. Bell, Landon Curt Noll "
-  					   "and Ernest Bowen\n"
+					   "and Ernest Bowen\n"
   "\n"
   "Initial author:  David I. Bell\n"
   "\n"

win32.mkdef

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ NROFF_ARG=
 MANMAKE=
 MANMODE=
 CALCPATH=./cal
-CALCRC='/lib/calc/startup:~/.calcrc:./.calcinit'
+CALCRC='./.calcinit:~/.calcrc:/lib/calc/startup'
 USE_READLINE=-DUSE_READLINE
 READLINE_LIB=
 READLINE_INCLUDE=

zfunc.c

@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ zgcd(ZVALUE z1, ZVALUE z2, ZVALUE *res)
 				}
 				needw = FALSE;
 			}
-			g = *a0 * w;
+			g = (FULL) (*a0 * w);
 			if (h < BASEB) {
 			    g &= (1 << h) - 1;
 			} else {
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ zgcd(ZVALUE z1, ZVALUE z2, ZVALUE *res)
 			g = 1;
 		}
 	    } else {
-		g = (HALF) *a0 * w;
+		g = (FULL) (*a0 * w);
 	    }
 	    a = a0;
 	    b = b0;

zmath.c

@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ HALF _twentyval_[] = { 20 };
 HALF _sqbaseval_[] = { 0, 1 };
 HALF _pow4baseval_[] = { 0, 0, 1 };
 HALF _pow8baseval_[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 };
+HALF _threesixtyval_[] = { 360 };
+HALF _fourhundredval_[] = { 400 };
+HALF _twentyfourval_[] = { 24 };
 
 ZVALUE zconst[] = {
     { _zeroval_, 1, 0}, { _oneval_, 1, 0}, { _twoval_, 1, 0},
@@ -66,7 +69,9 @@ ZVALUE zconst[] = {
     { _nineval_, 1, 0}, { _tenval_, 1, 0}, { _elevenval_, 1, 0},
     { _twelveval_, 1, 0}, { _thirteenval_, 1, 0}, { _fourteenval_, 1, 0},
     { _fifteenval_, 1, 0}, { _sixteenval_, 1, 0}, { _seventeenval_, 1, 0},
-    { _eightteenval_, 1, 0}, { _nineteenval_, 1, 0}, { _twentyval_, 1, 0}
+    { _eightteenval_, 1, 0}, { _nineteenval_, 1, 0}, { _twentyval_, 1, 0},
+    { _threesixtyval_, 1, 0}, { _fourhundredval_, 1, 0},
+    { _twentyfourval_, 1, 0}
 };
 
 ZVALUE _zero_ = { _zeroval_, 1, 0};

zmath.h

@@ -594,7 +594,8 @@ E_FUNC void zredcpower(REDC *rp, ZVALUE z1, ZVALUE z2, ZVALUE *res);
 #define MODE_OCTAL	6
 #define MODE_BINARY	7
 #define MODE_REAL_AUTO	8
-#define MODE_MAX	8
+#define MODE_ENG    9
+#define MODE_MAX	9
 #define MODE2_OFF	(MODE_MAX+1)
 
 /* XXX - perhaps we need the MODE_REAL_AUTO vs MODE_REAL as a config mode? */
@@ -647,6 +648,7 @@ EXTERN HALF _tenval_[], _elevenval_[], _twelveval_[], _thirteenval_[];
 EXTERN HALF _fourteenval_[], _fifteenval_[];
 EXTERN HALF _sqbaseval_[];
 EXTERN HALF _fourthbaseval_[];
+EXTERN HALF _threesixtyval_[], _fourhundredval_[], _twentyfourval_[];
 
 EXTERN ZVALUE zconst[];		/* ZVALUE integers from 0 thru 15 */