Release v2.14.3.5

The following are the changes in this release:

    Under macOS, to reduce dependency chains, we remove functions
    and data that are unreachable by the entry point or exported
    symbols.  In particular, the macOS linker is used with both
    "-dead_strip" and "-dead_strip_dylibs".

    The libcalc shared library is now linked with libcustcalc.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/calc-bug-report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+name: Calc bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: 'Bug: XXX-change-this-part-XXX'
+labels: bug
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Calc bug report template version: 1.3 2022-11-27
+
+**Describe the bug**
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**To Reproduce**
+Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+
+0. How you started calc
+    I.e., provide the command line you used to launch calc
+
+1. Calc commands and their output
+    Please provide any calc commands you entered on the terminal.
+    Please provide the calc command line output inline as well.
+    If the above is long, please attach a file.
+
+    Or if you cannot compile calc: The make command you used try and compile calc
+    and all error and warning messages produced during that action.  If long, consider
+    attaching a file.
+
+2. Indicate where the problem is
+    Referring to the information for step 1 above,  indicate where the problem is to be found
+
+**Expected behavior**
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+**Attach debug.out**
+IMPORTANT: Please run `make debug` and then attach the `debug.out` file.
+
+**Screen shots**
+If applicable, attach screen shots to help explain your problem.
+
+**Execution environment (please complete the following information):**
+ - OS:
+        E.g., macOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Windows 11, etc.
+
+ - OS version:
+        E.g., Preferred: give the output of `uname -a`
+                 or if no uname command, a description of the OS version/release you are using
+
+ - OS distribution:
+        E.g., macOS 13.0.1, contents of /etc/redhat-release, or /etc/os-release, etc.
+
+ - Calc Version
+        E.g., output of calc -v
+                 or if you cannot compile calc, the version you downloaded and from where it came from
+
+ - Shell and shell version
+        E.g., bash, zsh, power shell, etc.
+                 and the version of the shell you are using, if known
+
+**Calc mods**
+If you have modified the calc source for some reason, please description what you modified.
+Please consider attaching a patch (diff -u) between an official calc release and the source
+you are using.
+
+**Patch**
+If you have a recommended code patch to address the problem, please attach your file
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+#
+# ******** NOTE ********
+# We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check
+# the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of
+# supported CodeQL languages.
+#
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [ master ]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '41 1 * * 6'
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: [ 'cpp' ]
+        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python' ]
+        # Learn more:
+        # https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/finding-security-vulnerabilities-and-errors-in-your-code/configuring-code-scanning#changing-the-languages-that-are-analyzed
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Set update schedule for GitHub Actions
+#
+# See https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/working-with-dependabot/keeping-your-actions-up-to-date-with-dependabot
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      # Check for updates to GitHub Actions every week
+      interval: "weekly"

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# files and directories created during the building of calc and other Makefile actions
+#
+# NOTE: While many of these might be part of a released calc tarball, they are
+#	not consider development source.  Some other file(s) and/or programs
+#	generate these files.
+#
+.dynamic
+.hsrc
+.static
+align32.h
+args.h
+cal/.all
+calc
+calc.1
+calcerr.c
+calcerr.h
+calc.spec
+calc-static
+calc.usage
+charbit.h
+conf.h
+cscript/4dsphere
+cscript/.all
+cscript/fproduct
+cscript/mersenne
+cscript/piforever
+cscript/plus
+cscript/powerterm
+cscript/README
+cscript/simple
+cscript/square
+custom/.all
+custom/libcustcalc*
+debug.out
+endian
+endian_calc.h
+fposval.h
+have_arc4random.h
+have_ban_pragma.h
+have_const.h
+have_environ.h
+have_fgetsetpos.h
+have_fpos_pos.h
+have_getpgid.h
+have_getprid.h
+have_getsid.h
+have_gettime.h
+have_limits.h
+have_memmv.h
+have_newstr.h
+have_offscl.h
+have_posscl.h
+have_rusage.h
+have_statfs.h
+have_stdlib.h
+have_stdvs
+have_strdup.h
+have_string.h
+have_strlcat.h
+have_strlcpy.h
+have_sys_mount.h
+have_sys_param.h
+have_sys_vfs.h
+have_times.h
+have_uid_t.h
+have_unistd.h
+have_unused.h
+have_urandom.h
+have_ustat.h
+help/.all
+help/binding
+help/bindings
+help/bug
+help/bugs
+help/builtin
+help/change
+help/changes
+help/contrib
+help/copy
+help/COPYING
+help/COPYING-LGPL
+help/cscript
+help/custom_cal
+help/errorcode
+help/errorcodes
+help/full
+help/funclist
+help/funclist.c
+help/libcalc
+help/man
+help/new_custom
+help/question
+help/questions
+help/releases
+help/resource
+help/type
+help/usage
+libcalc*
+libcustcalc*
+longbits
+longbits.h
+Makefile.our
+NOTES
+sample_many
+sample_many-static
+sample_rand
+sample_rand-static
+tags
+terminal.h
+ver_calc
+win32/
+
+# other commonly excluded patterns
+#
+*~
+*.BAK
+core*
+.DS_Store
+*.dSYM/
+*.[oa]
+.*.swp
+*,v

BUGS

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 If you notice something wrong, strange or broken, try rereading:
 
-   README.FIRST
+    README.FIRST
-   HOWTO.INSTALL
+    HOWTO.INSTALL
-   BUGS (this file)
+    BUGS (this file)
 
 If that does not help, cd to the calc source directory and try:
 
-   make check
+    make check
 
 Look at the end of the output, it should say something like:
 
@@ -15,74 +15,97 @@ Look at the end of the output, it should say something like:
 
 If it does not, then something is really broken!
 
+To be sure that your version of calc is up to date.
+Look for the latest release on GitHub:
+
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/releases
+
+Just below latest GitHub release sectiop is something called:
+
+    > Assets
+
+Click in the triangle to open up the Assets then click on
+the approptiate package to download.
+
 If you made and modifications to calc beyond the simple Makefile
-configuration, try backing them out and see if things get better.
+configuration, try backing those changes out and see if things get
-
+better.
-To be sure that your version of calc is up to date, check out:
-
-	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/calc-download.html
-
-The calc web site is located at:
-
-	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/index.html
-
-=-=
 
 If you have tried all of the above and things still are not right,
-then it may be time to send in a bug report.  You can send bug
+then it may be time to send in a bug report.
-and bug fixes reports to:
-
-	calc-bug-report at asthe dot com
-
-	NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
-
-    This replaces the old calc-bugs at asthe dot com address.
-
-    To be sure we see your EMail reporting a calc bug, please use the
-    following phase in your EMail Subject line:
-
-	calc bug report
-
-    That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your request
-    will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have additional
-    words in your subject line.
-
-    However, you may find it more helpful to simply subscribe
-    to the calc-tester mailing list (see below) and then to
-    send your report to that mailing list as a wider set calc
-    testers may be able to help you.
-
-When you send your report, please include the following information:
-
-    * a description of the problem
-    * the version of calc you are using (if you cannot get calc
-      to run, then send us the 4 #define lines from version.c)
-    * if you modified calc from an official patch, send me the mods you made
-    * the type of system you were using
-    * the type of compiler you were using
-    * any compiler warnings or errors that you saw
-    * cd to the calc source directory, and type:
-
-	make debug > debug.out 2>&1		(sh, ksh, bash users)
-	make debug >& debug.out			(csh, tcsh users)
-
-      and send the contents of the 'debug.out' file.
-
-Stack traces from core dumps are useful to send as well.
-
-Fell free to use the above address to send in big fixes (in the form
-of a context diff patch).
 
 =-=
 
-Known bugs:
+If you encounter a warning or error in compiling, or if you
+find a calc bug and you wish to send is a fix, we recommend
+that you submit your change using the GitHub pull request:
+
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/pulls
+
+=-=
+
+If you just want to send us a bug report, we recommend
+doing so via the GitHub issue process:
+
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/issues
+
+If you see an existing issue that matches your problem, look
+over the notes and if needed, add your own observation,
+even if you just add to an existing issue:
+
+    I have this issue too
+
+If you don't see your issue addressed, then on the above
+GitHub web page, click on this button:
+
+    ((New Issue))
+
+Please include the following information in the new issue:
+
+    * A description of the problem
+
+    * Version of calc you are using
+
+	If you cannot compile calc, then look at version.c
+	and report the #define that start with:
+
+	    #define MAJOR_VER
+	    #define MINOR_VER
+	    #define MAJOR_PATCH
+	    #define MINOR_PATCH
+
+    * If you modified calc from an official patch,
+      send us the mods you made
+
+    * Type and version of the operating system
+
+    * Type and version of compiler
+
+    * Send us all compiler warnings or errors you find
+
+    * If calc dumped core, try to send us a core dump stack trace
+
+    * cd to the calc source directory, and send the contents
+      of debug.out.txt produced by this command:
+
+	make debug
+
+PLEASE attach the debug.out.txt file to your GitHub issue (bug report)!!
+
+Please be patient as we cannot always respond to pull requests quickly.
+
+=-=
+
+Known bugs in calc:
 
     The output of the alg_config.cal resource file is bogus.
     We would welcome a replacement for this code.
 
+    Calc may not compile natively under Windows 11. See README.WINDOWS.
+
     We are sure some more bugs exist.  When you find them, please let
     us know!  See the above for details on how to report and were to
-    EMail your bug reports and hopefully patches to fix them.
+    Email your bug reports and hopefully patches to fix them.
 
 =-=
 
@@ -133,34 +156,18 @@ mis-features in calc:
 
       will not.
 
+    * The numerator is assumed
+
+	The numerator value of 1 appears to be assumed.  In calc:
+
+	     / 2
+
+	will produce a value of 0.5 as if the numerator 1 was given.
+
+
 =-=
 
-To subscribe to the calc-tester mailing list, visit the following URL:
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2014,2021,2023  Landon Curt Noll
-
-	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/calc-tester.html
-
-    This is a low volume moderated mailing list.
-
-    This mailing list replaces calc-tester at asthe dot com list.
-
-    If you need a human to help you with your mailing list subscription,
-    please send EMail to our special:
-
-	calc-tester-maillist-help at asthe dot com
-
-	NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
-
-    address.  To be sure we see your EMail asking for help with your
-    mailing list subscription, please use the following phase in your
-    EMail Subject line:
-
-	calc tester mailing list help
-
-    That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your
-    request will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have
-    additional words in your subject line.
-
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2014  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -176,10 +183,6 @@ To subscribe to the calc-tester mailing list, visit the following URL:
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.5 $
-## @(#) $Id: BUGS,v 30.5 2014/10/12 12:23:43 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/BUGS,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	1994/03/18 14:06:13
 ## File existed as early as:	1994
 ##

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
+and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
+
+* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+  and learning from the experience
+* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
+  overall community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
+  advances of any kind
+* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email
+  address, without their explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+  professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+https://github.com/lcn2/calc/blob/master/QUESTIONS.
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
+of actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
+permanent ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior,  harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
+the community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.0, available at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct
+enforcement ladder](https://github.com/mozilla/diversity).
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.

CONTRIB-CODE

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Calc is open source. Contributions of code are welcome.
+
+In order to consider integrating your contributions, we need:
+
+    * your changes applied agsinst the top of the calc master branch:
+
+          https://github.com/lcn2/calc/
+
+    * new help files or help file patches, if applicable (documentation)
+
+    * Update CHANGES file (brief description of what it does)
+
+    * regress.cal test patch as needed
+
+If you add functionality to calc, please be sure to modify
+Makefiles, help files, cal/regress.cal test code as well.
+Regression test cases are vital to maintaining calc's level
+of correctness and helps us avoid code bug regression.
+
+The best way contribute to calc bug is to generate calc
+GitHub pull request against the calc GitHub repo:
+
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/pulls
+
+Please be patient as we cannot always respond pull requests quickly.
+
+=-=
+
+IMPORTANT:
+
+Your code needs to be contributed under either the 2.1 of the GNU
+Lesser General Public License (LGPL 2.1) or under "The Unlicense":
+
+    https://unlicense.org
+
+=-=
+
+See also the calc wishlist by running the calc command:
+
+    ; help wishlist
+
+=-=
+
+## Copyright (C) 1999,2014,2021,2023  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	1997/03/09 16:33:22
+## File existed as early as:	1997
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# How to contribue code to calc
+
+## CONTRIB-CODE
+
+See the file
+<A HREF="https://github.com/lcn2/calc/blob/master/CONTRIB-CODE">CONTRIB-CODE</A>
+for how to contribue code to calc.

COPYING

@@ -1,21 +1,17 @@
 		calc - arbitrary precision calculator
 
-
 This file is Copyrighted
 ------------------------
 
+    This file is not covered under version 2.1 of the GNU LGPL.
     This file is covered under the following Copyright:
 
-	Copyright (C) 1999-2014  Landon Curt Noll
+	Copyright (C) 1999-2023  Landon Curt Noll
 	All rights reserved.
 
 	Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 	of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
-    # @(#) $Revision: 30.6 $
-    # @(#) $Id: COPYING,v 30.6 2014/10/12 12:23:43 chongo Exp $
-    # @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/COPYING,v $
-
 -=-
 
 Calc is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -53,65 +49,6 @@ Calc is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License
 	    Boston, MA  02110-1301
 	    USA
 
-    To subscribe to the calc-tester mailing list, visit the following URL:
-
-	    http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/calc-tester.html
-
-	This is a low volume moderated mailing list.
-
-	This mailing list replaces calc-tester at asthe dot com list.
-
-	If you need a human to help you with your mailing list subscription,
-	please send EMail to our special:
-
-	    calc-tester-maillist-help at asthe dot com
-
-	    NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
-
-	address.  To be sure we see your EMail asking for help with your
-	mailing list subscription, please use the following phase in your
-	EMail Subject line:
-
-	    calc tester mailing list help
-
-	That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your
-	request will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have
-	additional words in your subject line.
-
--=-
-
-    Calc bug reports and calc bug fixes should be sent to:
-
-	    calc-bug-report at asthe dot com
-
-	    NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
-
-	This replaces the old calc-bugs at asthe dot com address.
-
-	To be sure we see your EMail reporting a calc bug, please use the
-	following phase in your EMail Subject line:
-
-	    calc bug report
-
-	That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your
-	request will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have
-	additional words in your subject line.
-
-	However, you may find it more helpful to simply subscribe
-	to the calc-tester mailing list (see above) and then to
-	send your report to that mailing list as a wider set calc
-	testers may be able to help you.
-
--=-
-
-    The calc web site is located at:
-
-	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
-
-    NOTE: The EMail address uses 'asthe', while the web site uses 'isthe'.
-
--=-
-
 Calc's relationship to the GNU Lesser General Public License
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -138,8 +75,8 @@ Calc's relationship to the GNU Lesser General Public License
     Clearly all files that go into the creation of those binary link
     libraries are covered under the License.
 
-    The ``scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
+    The "scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
-    of the library'' include:
+    of the library" include:
 
 	* Makefiles
 	* source files created by the Makefiles
@@ -147,7 +84,7 @@ Calc's relationship to the GNU Lesser General Public License
 
      All of those files are covered under the License.
 
-     The ``associated interface definition files'' are those files that:
+     The "associated interface definition files" are those files that:
 
 	* show how the calc binary link libraries are used
 	* test the validity of the binary link libraries
@@ -162,9 +99,9 @@ Calc's relationship to the GNU Lesser General Public License
 	* files under the lib sub-directory
 	* the main calc.c file
 
-     The ``complete source code'' includes ALL files shipped with calc,
+     The "complete source code" includes ALL files shipped with calc,
-     except for the exception files explicitly listed in the ``Calc
+     except for the exception files explicitly listed in the "Calc
-     copyrights and exception files'' section below.
+     copyrights and exception files" section below.
 
 -=-
 
@@ -183,11 +120,13 @@ Calc copyrights and exception files
 	Copyright (C) year  Ernest Bowen
 	Copyright (C) year  Petteri Kettunen and Landon Curt Noll
 	Copyright (C) year  Christoph Zurnieden
+	Copyright (C) year  Landon Curt Noll and Thomas Jones-Low
+	Copyright (C) year  Klaus Alexander Seistrup and Landon Curt Noll
 
     These files are not covered under one of the Copyrights listed above:
 
 	    sha1.c		sha1.h		COPYING
-	    COPYING-LGPL	cal/qtime.cal	cal/screen.cal
+	    COPYING-LGPL	cal/screen.cal
 
     The file COPYING-LGPL, which contains a copy of the version 2.1
     GNU Lesser General Public License, is itself Copyrighted by the
@@ -199,8 +138,39 @@ Calc copyrights and exception files
     top of this file.  It is important to note that you may distribute
     verbatim copies of this file but you may not modify this file.
 
-    Some of these exception files are in the public domain.  Other files
+    These files are covered under "The Unlicense":
-    are under the LGPL but have different authors that those listed above.
+
+	    sha1.c
+	    sha1.h
+	    cal/dotest.cal
+	    cal/screen.cal
+
+    "The Unlicense" is as follows:
+
+	This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+	Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+	distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+	binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+	means.
+
+	In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+	of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+	software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+	of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+	successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+	relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+	software under copyright law.
+
+	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+	EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+	MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+	IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+	OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+	ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+	OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+	For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
 
     In all cases one may use and distribute these exception files freely.
     And because one may freely distribute the LGPL covered files, the

HOWTO.INSTALL

@@ -1,194 +1,390 @@
-Installing calc from the bzip2-ed tarball in 4 easy steps:
+# Installing a pre-compiled calc from an RPM
 
-    0)  If your platform supports i686 RPMs, you may want to go to:
+If your platform supports RPMs, you may want to go to:
 
-	    http://www.isthe.com/chongo/src/calc/
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/releases
 
-	and use these RPMs:
+and see if there is a pre-compiled version of calc that you may install.
 
-	    * calc*.i686.rpm
+Open up the 'Assets' tag below a given release and download these RPMs:
-		- all that is needed if you just want to use calc
 
-	    * calc-devel-*.i686.rpm
+    * calc*.rpm
-	        - calc *.h header and *.a lib files for use in other programs
 
-	    * calc.*.src.rpm
+	- all that is needed if you just want to use calc
-	        - calc source in RPM package form
 
-	The following 4 steps apply to calc source tree that comes from either:
+If your platform supports rpm and matches one of the "calc*.rpm" files, you
+may just install that "calc*.rpm".  For exammple on an x86_64 system:
 
-		bunzip2 -c calc-*.tar.bz2 | tar -xvf -
+    dnf install calc-x.y.z.cv-ww.x86_64.rpm
 
-	or from:
+where "calc-x.y.z.cv-ww.x86_64.rpm" is the name of the calc RPM.
 
-		rpm -ivh calc-*.src.rpm
+In addition, if your platform supports rpm and matches one of the
-		cd /var/tmp
+"calc*.rpm" files, you may also install the calc *.h header and *.a lib
-		bunzip2 -c /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/calc-*.tar.bz2 | tar -xvf -
+files for use in other programs:
 
-    1)	Look at the makefile, and adjust it to suit your needs.
+    * calc-devel-*.rpm
 
-	The top level Makefile and the custom/Makefile require a GNU
+	- calc *.h header and *.a lib files for use in other programs
-	Make (such as gmake) or an equivalently advanced make.	On many
-	targets, the default make is sufficent.  On FreeBSD for example,
-	one must use gmake instead of make.
 
-	If your target system does not have GNU Make (or equivalent), then
+Alternately to the above github link, you might try looking at the RPMs under:
-	you should try using the Makefile.simple and custom/Makefile.simple
-	files:
 
-	    mv Makefile Makefile.gmake
+    http://www.isthe.com/chongo/src/calc/
-	    cp Makefile.simple Makefile
-	    mv custom/Makefile custom/Makefile.gmake
-	    cp custom/Makefile.simple custom/Makefile
 
-	The Makefile, as shipped, is suitable for installation under
-	Linux and Un*x-like environments.  For the most part, the default
-	values should work.  If in doubt, follow the 'When in doubt'
-	suggestion.
 
-	!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-	! If you are building under Windoz or a Windoz-like environment !
-	! (such as Cygwin or DJGPP), read the README.WINDOWS file.      !
-	!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-	You should determine if these Makefile variables are reasonable:
+# Building calc from a source tree
 
-	    INCDIR		Where the system include (.h) files are kept.
-	    BINDIR		Where to install calc binary files.
-	    LIBDIR		Where to install calc link library (*.a) files.
-	    CALC_SHAREDIR	Where to install calc help, .cal, startup, and
-	    			config files.
 
-	You may want to change the default installation locations for
-	these values, which are based on the 4 values listed above:
 
-	    HELPDIR            where the help directory is installed
+## Step 0: Obtain the calc source tree
-	    CALC_INCDIR        where the calc include files are installed
-	    CUSTOMCALDIR       where custom *.cal files are installed
-	    CUSTOMHELPDIR      where custom help files are installed
-	    CUSTOMINCDIR       where custom .h files are installed
-	    SCRIPTDIR          where calc shell scripts are installed
 
-	If you want to install calc files under a top level directory,
+Go to the site:
-	then set the T value:
 
-	    The calc install is performed under ${T}, the calc build is
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/releases
-	    performed under /.	The purpose for ${T} is to allow someone
-	    to install calc somewhere other than into the system area.
 
-	    For example, if:
+Look for release with a file of the form:
 
-	    	BINDIR= /usr/bin
+    calc-x.y.z.v.tar.bz2
-		LIBDIR= /usr/lib
-		CALC_SHAREDIR= /usr/share/calc
 
-	    and if:
+A release marked with a green "(Latest)" is a production release
+that as undergone a fair amount of testing.
 
-	    	T= /var/tmp/testing
+A release marked with an orange "(Pre-release)" is likly to be
+more stable than the top of the master branch, as they do undergo
+thru a reasonable level of regression testing, just not to
+the level of a  "(Latest)" production release.
 
-	    Then the installation locations will be:
+Use the followig command to uncompress the bzip2 compressed tarball:
 
-		calc binary files:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/bin
+    bunzip2 -c calc-*.tar.bz2 | tar -xvf -
-		calc link library:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/lib
-		calc help, .cal ...:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/share/calc
-		... etc ...		/var/tmp/testing/...
 
-	    If ${T} is empty, calc is installed under /, which is the same
+NOTE: An alternate location for calc bzip2 compressed tarballs is:
-	    top of tree for which it was built.  If ${T} is non-empty, then
-	    calc is installed under ${T}, as if one had to chroot under
-	    ${T} for calc to operate.
 
-	Look for the section that starts:
+    http://www.isthe.com/chongo/src/calc/
 
-	    ################
-	    # compiler set #
-	    ################
 
-	    Select a compiler set by commenting in the appropriate set
-	    of cc options.  As shipped the Makefile assumes a gcc-like
-	    environment such as Linux.  If a more appropriate cc set if
-	    found below, comment out the Linux set and comment in that
-	    set or edit the gcc set or the common cc set as needed.
 
-	You may want to change these Makrfile variables from their defaults:
+### Obtaining the experimental top of the master branch calc source
 
-	    RANLIB
+You may also fetch the top of the master branch of the GitHub repo
+if you wish to see what the latest source code looks like:
 
-		You may or may not need RANLIB when building libraries.
+    git clone https://github.com/lcn2/calc.git
-		As shipped the Makefile assumes RANLIB is needed.
-		Comment the in/out the RANLIB value if ranlib does
-		not work or does not exist.
 
-	    CALCPAGER
+IMPORTANT:
 
-		You may want to change the default pager used by calc.
+The latest source code may be "experimental in nature".   You may be
-		As shipped the Makefile assumes 'more'.  On your system
+better off using a released bzip2 compressed tarball instead.
-		you may find 'less' to be a better pager.
+Released bzip2 compressed tarballs tend to be more well tested
+than the top of the master branch.
 
-	    DEBUG
 
-	       Some compilers (to put it mildly) have bugs.  Sometimes the
-	       DEBUG Makefile variable causes the compiler / optimizer to
-	       produce bad code.  Other compilers do just fine.
 
-	       If possible try to use DEBUG=-O3 -g3 (maximum optimization
+## Step 1: Makefile considerations
-	       and debug symbols).  If the calc test fails (see step 3),
-	       try lowering either the -O value and/or the -g3.  Also try
-	       using -Osomething without -g.
 
-	   Adjust other Makefile variables as needed.
 
-    2)	build calc:
+### IMPORTANT: Make support of conditional syntax required:
 
-	The top level Makefile and the custom/Makefile require a GNU
+To compile calc, you must use a make that supports the use of
-	Make (such as gmake) or an equivalently advanced make.	On many
+"Conditional syntax".  As nearly all modern make tools
-	targets, the default make is sufficent.  On FreeBSD for example,
+support "Conditional syntax", thus should not be a problem
-	one must use gmake instead of make.
+for you.  If for some reason your make tool does not support
+"Conditional syntax", consider upgraded to a make that does,
+such as the Gnu Make tool:
 
-	If your target system does not have GNU Make (or equivalent), then
+    https://www.gnu.org/software/make/
-	you should try using the Makefile.simple and custom/Makefile.simple
-	files:
 
-	    mv Makefile Makefile.gmake
+The Gnu Make is not required per-se, just a modern make tool
-	    cp Makefile.simple Makefile
+that supports "Conditional syntax".
-	    mv custom/Makefile custom/Makefile.gmake
-	    cp custom/Makefile.simple custom/Makefile
 
-	make all
 
-	==> We are interested in any compiler warnings (and errors) that
+### Review Makefiles
-	    you may find.  See the BUGS file if you find any compiler
-	    warning or errors.
 
-	NOTE: You can force calc to build with only static libs:
+Review Makefile.config and Makefile.target.
 
-		make clobber
+If you are curious, review Makefile as well, although
-		make calc-static-only BLD_TYPE=calc-static-only
+there may be little in the main Makefile that you may
+want to change.
 
-	      or force calc to build with only dynamic libs:
+Consider modifying Makefile.local by replace values or
+appending values found in Makefile.config and Makefile.target.
 
-		make clobber
+If you are adding custom functions, review custom/Makefile
-		make calc-dynamic-only BLD_TYPE=calc-dynamic-only
+and modify custom/Makefile as needed.
 
-    3)	test calc:
 
-	make check
 
-	==> If you run into problems, read the BUGS file and follow
+### Suggestion: Modify Makefile.local
-	    the instructions found in there.
 
-	NOTE: For a quiet check which only prints if something goes wrong:
+All Makefiles include Makefile.local just before the
+first and default all rule.  So Makefile.local may be
+used to modify, replace or append values to Makefile variables.
 
-		make chk
+In most cases, to change the way that calc is made, consider
+adding lines to Makefile.local instead of modifying other Makefiles.
 
-    4)	install calc:
+A recommended way to adjust it is to add lines to: Makefile.local
+using the := syntax to replace values such as:
 
-	make install
+    DEBUG:= -O0 -g
 
-We suggest that you might want to read the README file and look at
+or by using the += syntax to append to values such as:
-the calc help subsystem.  See the README file for details.
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999-2007  Landon Curt Noll
+    DEBUG+= -ipa
+
+You can, of course, modify other Makefiles.  We only
+suggest using Makefile.local to minimize the number
+of source files you modify.
+
+And finally, you can always just add arguments to your
+make command line instead of modifying a Makefile.  For example:
+
+    make clobber all DEBUG="-O0 -g"
+
+
+## readline package assumed by default:
+
+By "readline package" we refer to the combination of the
+readline library, the history library, and the ncurses library.
+
+By default, calc assumes you have the readline package installed.
+The readline package (-lreadline, -lhistory, -lncurses) used by and
+linked into calc by default.
+
+If your system (such as macOS) does NOT have those libaraies, then
+you have two options:
+
+
+
+### Install the readline package:
+
+We recommend that you install the readline package first, then compile calc.
+
+For information on the readline package, see:
+
+    https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html
+
+MacOS users can use MacPorts or HomeBrew to install readline:
+
+    https://www.macports.org
+    https://brew.sh
+
+Or compile from the readline.git repo:
+
+    http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/readline.git/
+
+
+
+### Compile calc without readline:
+
+Why do we not recommend this option because using calc with readline
+provides a beter user experience.
+
+If you feel you must use calc without the readline package, then you
+will need to compile with:
+
+    make clobber all USE_READLINE= READLINE_EXTRAS= READLINE_INCLUDE= READLINE_LIB=
+
+or add to Makefile.local, these lines:
+
+    USE_READLINE=
+    READLINE_EXTRAS=
+    READLINE_INCLUDE=
+    READLINE_LIB=
+
+See the "Suggestion: Modify Makefile.local" section above for
+information on the Makefile.local file.
+
+
+### Windows or a Windows-like environments:
+
+Currently Windows is not a well supported platform for calc.  There are
+people within Microsoft who plan to assist us in being able to allow
+the standard Microsoft Windows developor environment to compile calc.
+
+
+
+### Makefile variables to consider:
+
+You should determine if these Makefile variables are reasonable:
+
+    INCDIR		Where the system include (.h) files are kept.
+    BINDIR		Where to install calc binary files.
+    LIBDIR		Where to install calc link library (*.a) files.
+    CALC_SHAREDIR	Where to install calc help, .cal, startup, and config files.
+
+You may want to change the default installation locations for
+these values, which are based on the 4 values listed above:
+
+    HELPDIR            where the help directory is installed
+    CALC_INCDIR        where the calc include files are installed
+    CUSTOMCALDIR       where custom *.cal files are installed
+    CUSTOMHELPDIR      where custom help files are installed
+    CUSTOMINCDIR       where custom .h files are installed
+    SCRIPTDIR          where calc shell scripts are installed
+
+If you want to install calc files under a top level directory, then set the T value:
+
+    The calc install is performed under ${T}, the calc build is
+    performed under /.	The purpose for ${T} is to allow someone
+    to install calc somewhere other than into the system area.
+
+    For example, if:
+
+	BINDIR= /usr/bin
+	LIBDIR= /usr/lib
+	CALC_SHAREDIR= /usr/share/calc
+
+    and if:
+
+	T= /var/tmp/testing
+
+    Then the installation locations will be:
+
+	calc binary files:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/bin
+	calc link library:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/lib
+	calc help, .cal ...:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/share/calc
+	... etc ...		/var/tmp/testing/...
+
+    If ${T} is empty, calc is installed under /, which is the same
+    top of tree for which it was built.  If ${T} is non-empty, then
+    calc is installed under ${T}, as if one had to chroot under
+    ${T} for calc to operate.
+
+Again, consider adding replacement lines or append linbes to
+the Makefile.local file.  See "Suggestion Modify Makefile.local
+instead of Makefile" above.  For example:
+
+    T:= /var/tmp/testing
+
+See the "Suggestion: Modify Makefile.local" section above for
+information on the Makefile.local file.
+
+
+### platform target section
+
+The file, Makefile.target, contains information about various platforms.
+The current list of targets in Makefile.target are:
+
+- Linux target
+- Apple macOS / Darwin target
+- FreeBSD target
+- OpenBSD target
+- Cygwin target
+- simple target
+- default target (when target is empty)
+
+If you wish to modiy your target platform, consider doing
+so via the Makefile.local file.  See "Suggestion Modify Makefile.local
+instead of Makefile" above.
+
+
+
+## Step 2: compile calc
+
+Remove any previous compile attempts and compile by default:
+
+    make clobber all
+
+
+
+### Force calc to build with only static libs:
+
+You may force calc to build with only static libs:
+
+    make clobber calc-static-only BLD_TYPE=calc-static-only
+
+
+
+### Force calc to build with only dynamic shared libs:
+
+You may force calc to build with only dynamic libs:
+
+    make clobber calc-dynamic-only BLD_TYPE=calc-dynamic-only
+
+
+
+### Reports of compiler warnings (and errors) as welcome
+
+We are interested learning about any compiler warnings (and errors) that you may find.
+See the BUGS file if you find any compiler warning or errors.
+
+
+
+### Step 3: test calc
+
+You may run the calc regression test suite, after successfully compiling, by:
+
+    make check
+
+For a more quiet check which only prints if something goes wrong, use:
+
+    make chk
+
+
+
+### Step 4: install calc
+
+Depending on permissions, you may need to become the super-user:
+
+    sudo -s
+
+before you install:
+
+    make install
+
+
+
+### Step n: calc help - getting started
+
+Calc is distributed with an extensive collection of help files that
+are accessible from the command line.  The following assume that you
+are running calc from the distribution directory or that you have
+installed calc.	 In these examples, the "; " is the calc prompt, not
+something that you type.
+
+For list of help topics:
+
+    ; help
+
+For overview of calc overview:
+
+    ; help intro
+    ; help overview
+    ; help command
+    ; help define
+    ; help statement
+    ; help variable
+    ; help usage
+
+For list of builtin functions:
+
+    ; help builtin
+
+C programmers should note some unexpected differences with the calc syntax:
+
+    ; help unexpected
+
+Calc is shipped with a standard collection of calc resource files.
+For a list of calc standard resource files see:
+
+    ; help resource
+
+We suggest that you might want to read the README.FIRST file and look at
+the calc help subsystem.  See also the README.md file.
+
+In general, if you run into problems, read the BUGS file and follow the instructions.
+
+# IMPORTANT: parallel make not supported
+
+We do not support making calc using a parallel make as most parallel
+make systems fail to understand the depedency relationships between
+a numner of important make rules and thus fail to properly compile calc.
+
+
+
+## Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2021,2023  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -204,10 +400,6 @@ the calc help subsystem.  See the README file for details.
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.6 $
-## @(#) $Id: HOWTO.INSTALL,v 30.6 2007/10/16 12:22:22 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/HOWTO.INSTALL,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	1999/09/27 20:48:44
 ## File existed as early as:	1999
 ##

LIBRARY

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Your program must handle parse/scan errors in one of two ways:
 		    /* report the parse/scan */
 		    if (calc_use_scanerr_jmpbuf == 0) {
 			    printf("parse error: %s\n", calc_err_msg);
-	    	    }
+		    }
 
 		    /* initialize calc after the longjmp */
 		    initialize();
@@ -320,10 +320,10 @@ The arbitrary precision integer routines define a structure called a ZVALUE.
 This is defined in zmath.h.  A ZVALUE contains a pointer to an array of
 integers, the length of the array, and a sign flag.  The array is allocated
 using malloc, so you need to free this array when you are done with a
-ZVALUE.	 To do this, you should call zfree with the ZVALUE as an argument
+ZVALUE.	 To do this, you should call zfree() with the ZVALUE as an argument
-(or call freeh with the pointer as an argument) and never try to free the
+and never try to free the array yourself using free().  The reason for this
-array yourself using free.  The reason for this is that sometimes the pointer
+is that sometimes the pointer points to a statically allocated arrays which
-points to one of two statically allocated arrays which should NOT be freed.
+should NOT be freed.
 
 The ZVALUE structures are passed to routines by value, and are returned
 through pointers.  For example, to multiply two small integers together,
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ values of 0 and 1 are so common that special checks are made for them.
 
 For initial values besides 0 or 1, you need to call itoz to convert a long
 value into a ZVALUE, as shown in the above example.  Or alternatively,
-for larger numbers you can use the atoz routine to convert a string which
+for larger numbers you can use the str2z routine to convert a string which
 represents a number into a ZVALUE.  The string can be in decimal, octal,
 hex, or binary according to the leading digits.
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ over a long sequence of operations.
 	ZVALUE z1, z2, z3;
 
 	z1 = _one_;
-	atoz("12345678987654321", &z2);
+	str2z("12345678987654321", &z2);
 	zadd(z1, z2, &z3);
 	zfree(z1);
 	zfree(z2);
@@ -446,10 +446,10 @@ to free them first.  The following illustrates this:
 	itoz(55L, &q->num);
 
 A better way to create NUMBERs with particular values is to use the itoq,
-iitoq, or atoq functions.  Using itoq makes a long value into a NUMBER,
+iitoq, or str2q functions.  Using itoq makes a long value into a NUMBER,
 using iitoq makes a pair of longs into the numerator and denominator of a
-NUMBER (reducing them first if needed), and atoq converts a string representing
+NUMBER (reducing them first if needed), and str2q converts a string representing
-a number into the corresponding NUMBER.	 The atoq function accepts input in
+a number into the corresponding NUMBER.	 The str2q function accepts input in
 integral, fractional, real, or exponential formats.  Examples of allocating
 numbers are:
 
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ numbers are:
 
 	q1 = itoq(66L);
 	q2 = iitoq(2L, 3L);
-	q3 = atoq("456.78");
+	q3 = str2q("456.78");
 
 Also unlike ZVALUEs, NUMBERs are quickly copied.  This is because they contain
 a link count, which is the number of pointers there are to the NUMBER.	The
@@ -504,8 +504,8 @@ For example, to calculate sin(0.5) to 100 decimal places, you could do:
 
 	NUMBER *q, *ans, *epsilon;
 
-	q = atoq("0.5");
+	q = str2q("0.5");
-	epsilon = atoq("1e-100");
+	epsilon = str2q("1e-100");
 	ans = qsin(q, epsilon);
 
 There are many convenience macros similar to the ones for ZVALUEs which can
@@ -615,14 +615,14 @@ These have the values 0, 1, and i.
 LAST THINGS LAST
 ----------------
 
-If you wish, when you are all doen you can call libcalc_call_me_last()
+If you wish, when you are all done you can call libcalc_call_me_last()
 to free a small amount of storage associated with the libcalc_call_me_first()
 call.  This is not required, but is does bring things to a closure.
 
 The function libcalc_call_me_last() takes no args and returns void.  You
 need call libcalc_call_me_last() only once.
 
-## Copyright (C) 1999  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 1999,2021  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -638,10 +638,6 @@ need call libcalc_call_me_last() only once.
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
-## @(#) $Id: LIBRARY,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:46 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/LIBRARY,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	1993/07/30 19:44:49
 ## File existed as early as:	1993
 ##

Makefile.local

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env make
+#
+# Makefile.local - modify, replace or append calc Makefile variables
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2023  Landon Curt Noll
+#
+# Suggestion: Read the HOWTO.INSTALL file.
+#
+# Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+# the terms of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General
+# Public License for more details.
+#
+# A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+# distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+# received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
+#
+# This calculator first developed by David I. Bell with help/mods from others.
+#
+# chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+# Share and enjoy!  :-)		http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+
+####
+# This file is included all calc Makefiles after the last Makefile variable
+# is set and before the first make rule.  This makes this file suitable to
+# modify, replace or append Makefile variables.
+#
+# To replace a Makefile variable, use := symbols.  For example:
+#
+#	CCWERR:= -Werror
+#
+# You can append to an existing Makefile variable using '+=' symbols.
+# For example:
+#
+#	CFLAGS+= -Ofast
+####
+
+###################################################################
+# NOTE: For this and other commended out examples in this file,	  #
+# you need to remove the leading '#<whitespaces>' to take effect. #
+#								  #
+# Comments start with a #-character.				  #
+###################################################################
+
+####
+# RHEL Diagnosing memory, thread, and crash issues:
+#
+# For more info see: https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer
+#
+# This comment block was tested under:
+#
+#	RHEL9 gcc version 11.3.1 20221121 (Red Hat 11.3.1-4) (GCC)
+#
+# with:
+#
+#	libasan-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64 libubsan-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64
+#
+# NOTE: With the above version, these are NOT supported:
+#
+#    UNSUPPORTED_FSANITIZE:= -fsanitize=nullability-arg -fsanitize=nullability-assign
+#
+# Uncomment these lines:
+#
+# DEBUG:= -O0 -g
+# FSANITIZE:= -fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=bool -fsanitize=bounds
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=enum -fsanitize=vptr -fsanitize=integer-divide-by-zero
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero -fsanitize=float-cast-overflow
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=nonnull-attribute -fsanitize=returns-nonnull-attribute
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=null -fsanitize=shift -fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=unreachable -fsanitize=vla-bound
+# CFLAGS+= -Wno-invalid-command-line-argument ${FSANITIZE} -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+# LDFLAGS+= -Wno-invalid-command-line-argument ${FSANITIZE} -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+# CALC_ENV+= ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_stack_use_after_return=1
+####
+
+####
+# macOS Diagnosing memory, thread, and crash issues:
+#
+# For more info see: https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer
+#
+# This comment block was tested under:
+#
+#	macOS 13.5 with clang version 14.0.3 (clang-1403.0.22.14.1)
+#
+# For more info for clang to Diagnosing memory, thread, and crash issues early, see:
+#
+#    https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/diagnosing-memory-thread-and-crash-issues-early
+#
+# NOTE: With the above version, these are NOT supported:
+#
+#    UNSUPPORTED_FSANITIZE:= -fsanitize-nullability-return
+#
+# Uncomment these lines:
+#
+# DEBUG:= -O0 -g
+# FSANITIZE:= -fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=bool -fsanitize=bounds
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=enum -fsanitize=vptr -fsanitize=integer-divide-by-zero
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero -fsanitize=float-cast-overflow
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=nonnull-attribute -fsanitize=nullability-arg
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=nullability-assign -fsanitize=returns-nonnull-attribute
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=null -fsanitize=object-size -fsanitize=shift
+# FSANITIZE+= -fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow -fsanitize=unreachable -fsanitize=vla-bound
+# CFLAGS+= -Wno-invalid-command-line-argument ${FSANITIZE} -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+# LDFLAGS+= -Wno-invalid-command-line-argument ${FSANITIZE} -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+# CALC_ENV+= ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_stack_use_after_return=1
+####

Makefile.target

@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env make
+#
+# Makefile.target - platform target section
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2023  Landon Curt Noll
+#
+# Suggestion: Read the HOWTO.INSTALL file.
+#
+# Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+# the terms of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General
+# Public License for more details.
+#
+# A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+# distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+# received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
+#
+# This calculator first developed by David I. Bell with help/mods from others.
+#
+# chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+# Share and enjoy!  :-)		http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+
+
+# SUGGESTION: Instead of modifying this file, consider adding
+#	      statements to modify, replace or append Makefile
+#	      variables in the Makefile.local file.
+
+
+#######################################################################
+# NOTE: These lines are included by both Makefile and custom/Makefile #
+#######################################################################
+
+##################################################################################
+#-=-=-=-=-=- platform target section - targets that override defaults -=-=-=-=-=-#
+##################################################################################
+
+# Common values set in targets
+#
+# BLD_TYPE determines if calc is built with static and/or dynamic libs.
+#	       Set this value to one of:
+#
+#	BLD_TYPE= calc-dynamic-only
+#	BLD_TYPE= calc-static-only
+#
+# CC_SHARE are flags given to ${CC} to build .o files suitable for shared libs
+# DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH is where calc programs look for calc shared libs
+# LD_SHARE are common flags given to ${CC} to link with shared libraries
+# LIBCALC_SHLIB are flags given to ${CC} to build libcalc shared libraries
+# LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB are flags given to ${CC} to build libcustcalc shared lib
+#
+#	NOTE: The above 5 values are unused if BLD_TYPE= calc-static-only
+#
+# CC_STATIC are flags given to ${CC} to build .o files suitable for static libs
+# LD_STATIC are common flags given to ${CC} to link with static libraries
+# LIBCALC_STATIC are flags given to ${CC} to build libcalc static libraries
+# LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC are flags given to ${CC} to build libcustcalc static lib
+#
+#	NOTE: The above 4 values are unused if BLD_TYPE= calc-dynamic-only
+#
+# CCOPT are flags given to ${CC} for optimization
+# CCWARN are flags given to ${CC} for warning message control
+#
+# The following are given to ${CC}:
+#
+#	WNO_IMPLICT
+#	WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG
+#	WNO_LONG_LONG
+#
+# when compiling special .o files that may need special compile options:
+#
+#	NOTE: These flags simply turn off certain compiler warnings,
+#	      which is useful only when CCWERR is set to -Werror.
+#
+#	NOTE: If your compiler does not have these -Wno files, just
+#	      set these variables to nothing as in:
+#
+#		WNO_IMPLICT=
+#		WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG=
+#		WNO_LONG_LONG=
+#
+# CCWERR are flags given to ${CC} to make warnings fatal errors
+#	NOTE: CCWERR is only set in development Makefiles and must only be
+#	      used with ${CC}, not ${LCC}.  If you do not want the compiler
+#	      to abort on warnings, then leave CCWERR blank.
+# CCMISC are misc flags given to ${CC}
+#
+# CCBAN is given to ${CC} in order to control if banned.h is in effect.
+#	NOTE: See where CCBAN is defined above for details.
+#
+# LCC is how the C compiler is invoked on locally executed intermediate programs
+# CC is how the C compiler is invoked (with an optional Purify)
+#
+# Specific target overrides or modifications to default values
+
+
+################
+# Linux target #
+################
+
+ifeq ($(target),Linux)
+
+# default build type for this target
+#
+BLD_TYPE= calc-dynamic-only
+
+# target specific library parameters
+#
+CC_SHARE= -fPIC
+DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH= ${PWD}:/lib:/usr/lib:${LIBDIR}:${PREFIX}/lib
+LD_SHARE= "-Wl,-rpath,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}" \
+    "-Wl,-rpath-link,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}"
+LIBCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcustcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+
+# static library option
+#
+CC_STATIC=
+LD_STATIC=
+LIBCALC_STATIC=
+LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC=
+
+# common values set for this target
+#
+#CCWARN= -Wall
+CCWARN= -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WNO_IMPLICT= -Wno-implicit
+WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG= -Wno-error=long-long
+WNO_LONG_LONG= -Wno-long-long
+CCWERR=
+CCOPT= ${DEBUG}
+CCMISC=
+LCC= gcc
+CC= ${PURIFY} ${LCC} ${CCWERR}
+
+endif	# ($(target),Linux)
+
+
+###############################
+# Apple macOS / Darwin target #
+###############################
+
+ifeq ($(target),Darwin)
+
+# default build type for this target
+#
+BLD_TYPE= calc-dynamic-only
+
+# For old Apple Power PC systems, we need to add:
+#
+#	-std=gnu99 -arch ppc
+#
+ifeq ($(arch),powerpc)
+COMMON_ADD+= -std=gnu99
+ARCH_CFLAGS+= -arch ppc
+endif	# ($(arch),powerpc)
+
+# target specific library parameters
+#
+CC_SHARE= -fPIC
+DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH= ${PWD}:${LIBDIR}:${PREFIX}/lib
+LD_SHARE= ${ARCH_CFLAGS}
+LIBCALC_SHLIB= -dynamiclib -undefined dynamic_lookup \
+    -install_name ${LIBDIR}/libcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION} \
+    -current_version ${VER} \
+    ${ARCH_CFLAGS}
+LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB= -dynamiclib -undefined dynamic_lookup \
+    -install_name ${LIBDIR}/libcustcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION} \
+    -current_version ${VER} \
+    ${ARCH_CFLAGS}
+
+# To reduce dependency chains under macOS, we remove functions and
+# data that are unreachable by the entry point or exported symbols.
+#
+COMMON_LDFLAGS+= -Wl,-dead_strip
+COMMON_LDFLAGS+= -Wl,-dead_strip_dylibs
+
+# static library option
+#
+CC_STATIC=
+LD_STATIC= ${ARCH_CFLAGS}
+LIBCALC_STATIC=
+LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC=
+
+# common values set for this target
+#
+#CCWARN= -Wall
+CCWARN= -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WNO_IMPLICT= -Wno-implicit
+WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG= -Wno-error=long-long
+WNO_LONG_LONG= -Wno-long-long
+CCWERR=
+CCOPT= ${DEBUG}
+CCMISC= ${ARCH_CFLAGS}
+LCC= cc
+CC= ${PURIFY} ${LCC} ${CCWERR}
+
+# Darwin dynamic shared lib filenames
+#
+LIB_EXT:= .dylib
+LIB_EXT_VERSION:= .${VERSION}${LIB_EXT}
+
+# LDCONFIG not required on this platform, so we redefine it to an empty string
+#
+LDCONFIG:=
+
+endif	# ($(target),Darwin)
+
+
+##################
+# FreeBSD target #
+##################
+
+ifeq ($(target),FreeBSD)
+
+# default build type for this target
+#
+BLD_TYPE= calc-dynamic-only
+
+# target specific library parameters
+#
+CC_SHARE= -fPIC
+DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH= ${PWD}:/lib:/usr/lib:${LIBDIR}:${PREFIX}/lib
+LD_SHARE= "-Wl,-rpath,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}" \
+    "-Wl,-rpath-link,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}"
+LIBCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcustcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+
+CC_STATIC=
+LD_STATIC=
+LIBCALC_STATIC=
+LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC=
+
+# common values set for this target
+#
+#CCWARN= -Wall
+CCWARN= -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WNO_IMPLICT= -Wno-implicit
+WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG= -Wno-error=long-long
+WNO_LONG_LONG= -Wno-long-long
+CCWERR=
+CCOPT= ${DEBUG}
+CCMISC=
+LCC= gcc
+CC= ${PURIFY} ${LCC} ${CCWERR}
+
+# We must use gmake as the FreeBSD target because under some older
+# releases of FreeBSD, make not support conditional syntax.
+#
+MAKE= gmake
+
+endif	# ($(target),FreeBSD)
+
+
+##################
+# OpenBSD target #
+##################
+
+ifeq ($(target),OpenBSD)
+
+# default build type for this target
+#
+BLD_TYPE= calc-dynamic-only
+
+# default build type for this target
+#
+CC_SHARE= -fPIC
+DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH= ${PWD}:/lib:/usr/lib:${LIBDIR}:${PREFIX}/lib
+LD_SHARE= "-Wl,-rpath,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}" \
+    "-Wl,-rpath-link,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}"
+LIBCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcustcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+
+# static library option
+#
+CC_STATIC=
+LD_STATIC=
+LIBCALC_STATIC=
+LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC=
+
+# common values set for this target
+#
+#CCWARN= -Wall
+CCWARN= -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WNO_IMPLICT= -Wno-implicit
+WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG= -Wno-error=long-long
+WNO_LONG_LONG= -Wno-long-long
+CCWERR=
+CCOPT= ${DEBUG}
+CCMISC=
+#
+LCC= gcc
+CC= ${PURIFY} ${LCC} ${CCWERR}
+#
+MAKE= gmake
+#
+endif	# ($(target),OpenBSD)
+
+
+#################
+# Cygwin target #
+#################
+
+ifeq ($(target),Cygwin)
+
+BLD_TYPE= calc-static-only
+
+# target specific library parameters
+#
+CC_SHARE= -fPIC
+DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH= ${PWD}:/lib:/usr/lib:${LIBDIR}:${PREFIX}/lib
+LD_SHARE= "-Wl,-rpath,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}" \
+    "-Wl,-rpath-link,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}"
+LIBCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcustcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+
+# static library option
+#
+CC_STATIC=
+LIBCALC_STATIC=
+LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC=
+LD_STATIC=
+
+# common values set for this target
+#
+#CCWARN= -Wall
+CCWARN= -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WNO_IMPLICT= -Wno-implicit
+WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG= -Wno-error=long-long
+WNO_LONG_LONG= -Wno-long-long
+CCWERR=
+CCOPT= ${DEBUG}
+CCMISC=
+LCC= cc
+CC= ${PURIFY} ${LCC} ${CCWERR}
+
+endif	# ($(target),Cygwin)
+
+
+###########################################
+# default target - (when target is empty) #
+###########################################
+
+# NOTE: This is the default generic host target.  Used when no other
+#	host target matches.
+
+ifeq ($(target),)
+
+# default build type for this target
+#
+BLD_TYPE= calc-static-only
+
+# target specific library parameters
+#
+CC_SHARE= -fPIC
+DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH= ${PWD}:/lib:/usr/lib:${LIBDIR}:${PREFIX}/lib
+LD_SHARE= "-Wl,-rpath,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}" \
+    "-Wl,-rpath-link,${DEFAULT_LIB_INSTALL_PATH}"
+LIBCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+LIBCUSTCALC_SHLIB= -shared "-Wl,-soname,libcustcalc${LIB_EXT_VERSION}"
+
+# static library option
+#
+CC_STATIC=
+LIBCALC_STATIC=
+LIBCUSTCALC_STATIC=
+LD_STATIC=
+
+# common values set for this target
+#
+#CCWARN= -Wall
+CCWARN= -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WNO_IMPLICT= -Wno-implicit
+WNO_ERROR_LONG_LONG= -Wno-error=long-long
+WNO_LONG_LONG= -Wno-long-long
+CCWERR=
+CCOPT= ${DEBUG}
+CCMISC=
+LCC= gcc
+CC= ${PURIFY} ${LCC} ${CCWERR}
+
+endif	# ($(target),)
+
+
+###########################################
+# Set the default compile flags for ${CC} #
+###########################################
+
+# If you want to add flags to all compiler and linker
+# run (via ${COMMON_CFLAGS} and ${COMMON_LDFLAGS}),
+# set ${COMMON_ADD}.
+#
+# For example to use gcc's -Werror to force warnings
+# to become errors, call make with:
+#
+#   make .. COMMON_ADD='-Werror'
+#
+# This facility requires a Gnu Makefile, or a make command
+# that understands the += make operand.
+#
+COMMON_CFLAGS+= ${COMMON_ADD}
+COMMON_LDFLAGS+= ${COMMON_ADD}
+
+# Required flags to compile C files for calc
+#
+# ICFLAGS are given to ${CC} for intermediate programs used to help compile calc
+# CFLAGS are given to ${CC} for calc programs other than intermediate programs
+#
+# NOTE: This does not work for: make-XYZ-only and BLD_TYPE != make-XYZ-only
+#
+ifeq ($(BLD_TYPE),calc-static-only)
+ICFLAGS= ${COMMON_CFLAGS} ${CCBAN} ${CC_STATIC}
+else	# ($(BLD_TYPE),calc-static-only)
+ICFLAGS= ${COMMON_CFLAGS} ${CCBAN} ${CC_SHARE}
+endif	# ($(BLD_TYPE),calc-static-only)
+CFLAGS= ${ICFLAGS} ${CCOPT}
+
+# Required flags to link files for calc
+#
+# ILDFLAGS for ${CC} in linking intermediate programs used to help compile calc
+# LDFLAGS for ${CC} in linking calc programs other than intermediate programs
+#
+ILDFLAGS= ${COMMON_LDFLAGS}
+LDFLAGS= ${LD_DEBUG} ${ILDFLAGS}
+
+#######################################################################
+#-=-=-=-=-=- end of target section - only make rules below -=-=-=-=-=-#
+#######################################################################

QUESTIONS

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+If you have a general question about calc, consider opening
+a new Github discussion under:
+
+	https://github.com/lcn2/calc/discussions
+
+Look over the existing discussions to see of your question fits
+under one of those exiting discussions.
+
+You may wish to add your question as a comment to an existing discussion.
+Otherwise click on:
+
+    ((New discussion))
+
+and ask your question in that new discussion.
+
+Please limit your questions to general questions about calc.  We
+cannot go into great detail in our answers, nor can we do your
+homework, nor can we do much more than answer general questions
+about calc.
+
+Please be patient as we cannot always respond to discussion messages quickly.
+
+=-=
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021,2023  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/02/10 00:15:05
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

README.FIRST

@@ -27,35 +27,35 @@ If you run into problems, see the BUGS file.
 Calc is distributed with an extensive collection of help files that
 are accessible from the command line.  The following assume that you
 are running calc from the distribution directory or that you have
-installed calc.	 In these examples, the ">" is the calc prompt, not
+installed calc.	 In these examples, the "; " is the calc prompt, not
 something that you type in.
 
 For list of help topics:
 
-    > help
+    ; help
 
 For overview of calc overview:
 
-    > help intro
+    ; help intro
-    > help overview
+    ; help overview
-    > help command
+    ; help command
-    > help define
+    ; help define
-    > help statement
+    ; help statement
-    > help variable
+    ; help variable
-    > help usage
+    ; help usage
 
 For list of builtin functions:
 
-    > help builtin
+    ; help builtin
 
-C programmers should note some unexpected differences in the calc syntax:
+C programmers should note some unexpected differences with the calc syntax:
 
-    > help unexpected
+    ; help unexpected
 
 Calc is shipped with a standard collection of calc resource files.
 For a list of calc standard resource files see:
 
-    > help resource
+    ; help resource
 
 =-=
 
@@ -71,66 +71,33 @@ or run:
 
 for a wish/todo list.  Code contributions are welcome.
 
-=-=
+-=-
 
-To subscribe to the calc-tester mailing list, visit the following URL:
+If you you notice something wrong, strange or broken, see the file:
 
-	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/calc-tester.html
+    BUGS
 
-    This is a low volume moderated mailing list.
+or run:
 
-    This mailing list replaces calc-tester at asthe dot com list.
+    calc help bugs
 
-    If you need a human to help you with your mailing list subscription,
+for information about how to report a bug.
-    please send EMail to our special:
-
-	calc-tester-maillist-help at asthe dot com
-
-	NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
-
-    address.  To be sure we see your EMail asking for help with your
-    mailing list subscription, please use the following phase in your
-    EMail Subject line:
-
-	calc tester mailing list help
-
-    That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your
-    request will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have
-    additional words in your subject line.
 
 -=-
 
-Calc bug reports and calc bug fixes should be sent to:
+If you have a general question about calc, see the file:
 
-	calc-bug-report at asthe dot com
+    QUESTIONS
 
-	NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
+or run:
 
-    This replaces the old calc-bugs at asthe dot com address.
+    calc help questions
 
-    To be sure we see your EMail reporting a calc bug, please use the
+for information about how to ask a question.
-    following phase in your EMail Subject line:
-
-	calc bug report
-
-    That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your
-    request will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have
-    additional words in your subject line.
-
-    However, you may find it more helpful to simply subscribe
-    to the calc-tester mailing list (see above) and then to
-    send your report to that mailing list as a wider set calc
-    testers may be able to help you.
 
 -=-
 
-The calc web site is located at:
+## Copyright (C) 1999,2014,2017,2021  Landon Curt Noll
-
-    http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
-
-NOTE: The EMail address uses 'asthe', while the web site uses 'isthe'.
-
-## Copyright (C) 1999,2014  Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -146,10 +113,6 @@ NOTE: The EMail address uses 'asthe', while the web site uses 'isthe'.
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
-## @(#) $Id: README,v 30.3 2014/10/12 12:23:43 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/README,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	1995/10/25 05:27:59
 ## File existed as early as:	1995
 ##

README.RELEASE

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+On calc versions and releases
+
+Calc version numbers have 4 levels.  For example:
+
+	 ++=== top 2 levels: calc builtin functions compatibility
+	 ||
+	vvvv
+
+	2.14.0.8
+	 \\\\\\
+	^  \\\\----> top 3 levels: calc important code base change
+	|
+	+--- top version level: internal representation compatibility
+
+The top version level (e.g., 2) refers to the internal representation
+of values.  Any library or hardware linked/built for calc 2 will be able
+to use values from other 2.x.y.z versions.
+
+The top 2 levels (e.g., 2.14) refers to a specific compatible set of
+builtin functions.  Calc interpreted code (such as calc resource files)
+written for, say calc 2.14, will be able to use the same set of builtin
+functions for any other 2.14.y.z version.  Any new builtin functions or
+significant changes to existing builtin functions would be introduced in
+a later release such as version 2.15.y.z.  While calc scripts written for
+2.14.y.z will highly likely be able to run under version 2.15.y.z, any
+new builtin functions added in calc 2.15 may collide with an identically
+named used defined function.
+
+The top 3 levels (e.g., 2.14.0) change to reflect an important change to
+the code base such as a bug fix or performance improvement.  There was
+neither a change to the internal representation format (a top level
+version change), nor were there new calc builtins introduced in such
+a top 3 level release.
+
+There are 3 classes of changes to the calc source tree:
+
+alpha		=> untagged GitHub commit
+
+	Any untagged commit to the GitHub master branch should be
+	considered as alpha code that may make calc unstable.
+
+	While we try to avoid breaking the calc code with commits,
+	there is a risk that picking up such a change could
+	negatively impact the code.
+
+tested		=> tagged GitHub pre-release commit
+
+	A new version of calc has been released and has recently passed
+	regression testing on at least to different platforms and chip
+	architectures.
+
+	The "tested" class was historically called "untested",
+	however this term was misleading as such releases ARE tested.
+	Since 2.14.0.13 we have used the term "tested".
+
+	All tested releases are tagged with a new version number.
+	Such releases have GitHub assets such as a source tarball,
+	zip file, source rpm, development rpm and binary rpm.  See the
+	orange "Pre-release" GitHub releases under:
+
+	    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/releases
+
+	 At the bottom of a given release is a "> Assets" that may
+	 be opened to reveal down-loadable files.
+
+production	=> tagged GitHub release commit
+
+	A new version of calc has been released and has undergone
+	extensive testing over time over a number of platforms.
+	Sometimes a "tested" release that is found work well over
+	a period of time will be re-released with a new version
+	number as a "production" release.
+
+	The latest production GitHub release is marked with green
+	"Latest" label under:
+
+	    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/releases
+
+	A release that has neither an orange "Pre-release" nor
+	a green "Latest" label is a prior production class release.
+
+	At the bottom of a given release is a "> Assets" that may
+	be opened to reveal down-loadable files.
+
+	Production class code where stability is critical should use a
+	"production" release.
+
+A historical note and apology:
+
+In the past, some version number changes were made that did not fully
+reflect the above version number or change class.  Moreover older terms
+such as "stable" and "unstable" were misleading and did not properly
+reflect the nature of the change.  Sorry!  The purpose of this document
+is to try and bring a better level of conformity to source code updates,
+tagged releases and version numbers.
+
+## Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+##
+## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+##
+## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+## Public License for more details.
+##
+## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+## distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+##
+## Under source code control:	2021/12/12 19:36:26
+## File existed as early as:	2021
+##
+## chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+## Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

README.WINDOWS

@@ -1,48 +1,111 @@
-Dear calc user on a Windoz based system,
+Dear calc user on a Windows based system,
 
 See the HOWTO.INSTALL file for information on how to build and install calc.
 See also the README file.
 
-NOTE: The main developers do not have access to a Windoz based platform.
+     Please also add notes to the 'Compiling calc under Windows 11'
-      While we will make an effort to not break calc Windoz based system,
+     and 'Compiling with Cygwin' section in README.WINDOWS file.
-      our lack of a Windoz test environment will mean we will make mistakes
+
-      from time to time.  Hopefully Windowz users can overcome these mistakes.
+NOTE: The main developers do not have access to a Windows based platform.
+      While we will make an effort to not break calc Windows based system,
+      our lack of a Windows test environment will mean we will make mistakes
+      from time to time.  Hopefully Windows users can overcome these mistakes.
       Of course you are welcome to send us any patches that fix your
-      Windoz build environment.
+      Windows build environment.
+
+
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+=-= Compiling calc under Windows 11 =-=
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+
+BTW: While we are unable to use Windows 11, we welcome Windows 11
+     developers to try compiling calc natively (instead of via a Linux
+     virtual machine).  If you are able to compile Windows 11 natively,
+     we would welcome GitHub pull requests showing any needed modifications:
+
+	https://github.com/lcn2/calc/pulls
+
+We were given this advice from a Windows 11 developer:
+
+    Windows 11 users could use Cygwin:
+
+        https://cygwin.com/install.html
+
+    IMPORTANT: While installing Cygwin, and during Cygwin Setup, be sure to
+	       select all the MinGW64 packages relating to gcc.
+
+	       See the "Compiling with Cygwin" section below.
+
+NOTE: Compiling calc under Windows 11 is work in progress.  If you run into
+      problems, consider the "Compiling with Cygwin" section below.
+
 
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-=-= compiling with Cygwin =-=
+=-= Compiling with Cygwin =-=
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
 
 An effort is being made to allow windows users to compile calc using the
 Cygwin project (http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/) with the GCC compiler
-and Un*x tools for Windows.
+and Unix tools for Windows.
 
 The major porting work for Cygwin was performed by Thomas Jones-Low
 (tjoneslo at softstart dot com).
 
-In March 2009, Michael Penk (mpenk at wuska dot com) reported success in
+In December 2022, GitHub user @Leoongithub successfully compiled
-installs under Cygwin:
+calc-2.14.1.2 under cygwin 2.924 (64 bit). The following are the
+compilation steps that GitHub user @Leoongithub recommends:
 
-    On my fairly complete Cygwin installs, everything compiles,
+0. Install the latest version of cygwin (https://cygwin.com/install.html).
-    checks, and installs correctly.  My Cygwin is configured
-    in a very standard way (out of the box, using all of Cygwin's
-    defaults).  The install worked on 5 different machines with
-    Cygwin on them: one XP home, one XP professional, and three
-    Vista professionals.
 
-Using the calc Makefile, he did the following:
+    NOTE: In addition to the default packages, you also need to check these
+	  three packages: gcc-core, make, and libreadline-devel. The version
+	  of these packages does not matter. Just choose the latest version.
 
-    make all target=Cygwin
+    NOTE: The addition of "target=Cygwin" to make commands below
-    make check
+	  is done just in case the target is not set properly by make.
-    make install
 
-He also reports:
+1. Change (cd) into the top of the source code directory of calc.
 
-    Of course, one should be logged in as an Administrator when
+   NOTE: The make command assume you are at the top of the calc source directory.
-    one builds and installs calc.
+
+2. make clobber target=Cygwin
+
+   NOTE: This helps ensure that you are starting from a so-called "clean slate",
+	 and that you have nothing hanging around from previous attempts to compile.
+
+3. make all target=Cygwin
+
+   NOTE: If successful, you should have a calc executable.  However that executable
+	 may not be working properly.  Advance to step (4) to test.
+
+4. make chk target=Cygwin
+
+   NOTE: If you want this command be be verbose, try:
+
+	    make check target=Cygwin
+
+   NOTE: This will run calc with the regress.cal regression suite.  This step could take
+	 for a while to run, depending on the speed/performance of your machine.
+	 If all is well (all regression tests pass), you will see at the end:
+
+	    chk OK
+
+         Otherwise you may see calc exit non-zero after it prints some lines with '****'
+	 error messages followed by a line including a final error count of the form:
+
+	   **** 2 error(s) found  \/++\/
+
+         If you see some errors that may relate to files and I/O, all may not be lost.
+	 It could simply mean that your Windows environment is not conforming to standard
+	 I/O and file operations.  The calc mathematical engine may be just fine.  On the
+	 other hand if you see mathematical related regression test failures, this is
+	 bad sign that your calc executable under Windows is not usable.
+
+5. make install target=Cygwin
+
+   NOTE: This step is optional.  While calc is usable at the top of the source code directory
+         of calc, installing calc may be of benefit so you can use calc elsewhere on your system.
 
-He was compiling calc 2.12.4.0 with Cygwin version 1.5.25-15.
 
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
 =-= If all else fails, for Cygwin =-=
@@ -63,9 +126,13 @@ needs.
 
 In particular:
 
-	Just copy the win32/*.[ch] files up into the top level calc
+    Just copy the win32/*.[ch] files up into the top level calc
-	source directory, edit them (if needed) and build using the
+    source directory, edit them (if needed) and build using the
-	Cygwin GCC compiler and Cygwin build environment.
+    Cygwin GCC compiler and Cygwin build environment.
+
+NOTE: The use of win32_hsrc and this method has been deprecated.
+      It may go away once the Windows 11 methods are stable.
+
 
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
 =-= compiling under DJGPP =-=
@@ -111,9 +178,11 @@ recommends the following settings:
 	CATDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/man/cat1
 	NROFF= groff
 	CALCPATH= .;./cal;~/.cal;${CALC_SHAREDIR};${CUSTOMCALDIR}
-	CALCRC= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup;~/.calcrc;./.calcinit
+	CALCRC= ./.calcinit;~/.calcrc;${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup
 	CALCPAGER= less.exe -ci
-	DEBUG= -O2 -gstabs+ -DWINDOZ
+	DEBUG= -O2 -gstabs+ -D_WIN32
+	HAVE_ENVIRON=-DHAVE_NO_ENVIRON
+	HAVE_ARC4RANDOM=-DHAVE_NO_ARC4RANDOM
 
 The 'Linux set' or 'gcc set' (see the Select your compiler type section)
 should work for DJGPP systems if you set the above Makefile variables.
@@ -125,8 +194,43 @@ Look for Makefile comments of the form:
 Follow those recommendations.  In cases where they conflict with
 the above Makefile list, follow the recommendation in the Makefile.
 
+NOTE: The use of DJGPP and this method has been deprecated.
+      It may go away once the Windows 11 methods are stable.
 
-## Copyright (C) 2002-2009  Landon Curt Noll and Thomas Jones-Low
+
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+=-= Compiling calc via virtual machine under Windows 11 =-=
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+
+We would prefer a Windows 11 solution that does not require a Windows 11
+developer to install a Linux virtual machine.  Nevertheless, a Windows 11
+user might want to use the Microsoft Windows Subsystem (WSL) for Linux:
+
+	https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/
+
+    We have been told that you will need to turn on virtualization
+    to use this WSL subsystem.
+
+
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+=-= Compiling calc under Windows 10 via Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) =-=
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+
+It has been reported that calc version 2.12.6.4 has been successfully
+compiled, installed and running on Windows 10 on 2018 Jan 21.
+
+We were told:
+
+  "The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a new Windows 10 feature that
+   enables you to run native Linux command-line tools directly on Windows"
+
+   https://docs.microsoft.com/cs-cz/windows/wsl/about
+
+NOTE: The use of calc under Windows 10 has been deprecated in favor of one
+      of the Windows 11 methods above.
+
+
+## Copyright (C) 2002-2009,2021,2022  Landon Curt Noll and Thomas Jones-Low
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -142,10 +246,6 @@ the above Makefile list, follow the recommendation in the Makefile.
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
-## @(#) $Id: README.WINDOWS,v 30.2 2009/03/14 02:29:31 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/README.WINDOWS,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	2001/02/25 14:00:05
 ## File existed as early as:	2001
 ##

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# TL;DR Try calc
+
+## TL;DR Install calc
+
+```
+misc linux: sudo yum install calc
+on Debian:  sudo apt install calc
+on RHEL:    sudo dnf install calc
+on Ubuntu:  sudo apt install calc
+via Termux: apt install calc
+via src:    sudo make clobber all chk instsll
+```
+
+## TL;DR Run calc
+
+```
+misc shell:   calc
+via bash:     calc
+via misc app: launch calc via Termux
+via zsh:      calc
+```
+
+# What is calc?
+
+Calc is an interactive calculator which provides for easy large
+numeric calculations, but which also can be easily programmed
+for difficult or long calculations.	 It can accept a command line
+argument, in which case it executes that single command and exits.
+Otherwise, it enters interactive mode.  In this mode, it accepts
+commands one at a time, processes them, and displays the answers.
+In the simplest case, commands are simply expressions which are
+evaluated.  For example, the following line can be input:
+
+```sh
+3 * (4 + 1)
+```
+
+and the calculator will print:
+
+```sh
+15
+```
+
+Calc has the usual collection of arithmetic operators +, -, /, * as
+well as ^ (exponentiation), % (modulus) and // (integer divide).
+For example:
+
+```sh
+3 * 19^43 - 1
+```
+
+will produce:
+
+```sh
+29075426613099201338473141505176993450849249622191102976
+```
+
+Notice that calc values can be very large.  For example:
+
+```sh
+2^23209-1
+```
+
+will print:
+
+```sh
+402874115778988778181873329071 ... many digits ... 3779264511
+```
+
+The special '.' symbol (called dot), represents the result of the
+last command expression, if any.  This is of great use when a series
+of partial results are calculated, or when the output mode is changed
+and the last result needs to be redisplayed.  For example, the above
+result can be modified by typing:
+
+```sh
+. % (2^127-1)
+```
+
+and the calculator will print:
+
+```sh
+47385033654019111249345128555354223304
+```
+
+For more complex calculations, variables can be used to save the
+intermediate results.  For example, the result of adding 7 to the
+previous result can be saved by typing:
+
+```sh
+curds = 15
+whey = 7 + 2*curds
+```
+
+Functions can be used in expressions.  There are a great number of
+pre-defined functions.  For example, the following will calculate
+the factorial of the value of 'whey':
+
+```sh
+fact(whey)
+```
+
+and the calculator prints:
+
+```sh
+13763753091226345046315979581580902400000000
+```
+
+The calculator also knows about complex numbers, so that typing:
+
+```sh
+(2+3i) * (4-3i)
+cos(.)
+```
+
+will print:
+
+```sh
+17+6i
+-55.50474777265624667147+193.9265235748927986537i
+```
+
+The calculator can calculate transcendental functions, and accept and
+display numbers in real or exponential format. For example, typing:
+
+```sh
+config("display", 70),
+epsilon(1e-70),
+sin(1)
+```
+
+prints:
+
+```sh
+0.8414709848078965066525023216302989996225630607983710656727517099919104
+```
+
+Calc can output values in terms of fractions, octal or hexadecimal.
+For example:
+
+```sh
+config("mode", "fraction"),
+(17/19)^23
+print
+base(16),
+(19/17)^29
+print
+log(79.3i)
+```
+
+ will print:
+
+```sh
+19967568900859523802559065713/257829627945307727248226067259
+
+0x9201e65bdbb801eaf403f657efcf863/0x5cd2e2a01291ffd73bee6aa7dcf7d1
+
+0x17b5164ac24ee836bf/0xc7b7a8e3ef5fcf752+0x883eaf5adadd26be3/0xc7b7a8e3ef5fcf752i
+```
+
+All numbers are represented as fractions with arbitrarily large
+numerators and denominators which are always reduced to lowest terms.
+Real or exponential format numbers can be input and are converted
+to the equivalent fraction.  Hex, binary, or octal numbers can be
+input by using numbers with leading '0x', '0b' or '0' characters.
+Complex numbers can be input using a trailing 'i', as in '2+3i'.
+Strings and characters are input by using single or double quotes.
+
+Commands are statements in a C-like language, where each input
+line is treated as the body of a procedure.  Thus the command
+line can contain variable declarations, expressions, labels,
+conditional tests, and loops.  Assignments to any variable name
+will automatically define that name as a global variable.  The
+other important thing to know is that all non-assignment expressions
+which are evaluated are automatically printed.  Thus, you can evaluate
+an expression's value by simply typing it in.
+
+Many useful built-in mathematical functions are available.  Use the:
+
+```sh
+help builtin
+```
+
+command to list them.
+
+You can also define your own functions by using the 'define' keyword,
+followed by a function declaration very similar to C.
+
+```sh
+define f2(n)
+{
+	local ans;
+
+	ans = 1;
+	while (n > 1)
+		ans *= (n -= 2);
+	return ans;
+}
+```
+
+Thus the input:
+
+```sh
+f2(79)
+```
+
+will produce:
+
+```sh
+1009847364737869270905302433221592504062302663202724609375
+```
+
+Functions which only need to return a simple expression can be defined
+using an equals sign, as in the example:
+
+```sh
+define sc(a,b) = a^3 + b^3
+```
+
+Thus the input:
+
+```sh
+sc(31, 61)
+```
+
+will produce:
+
+```sh
+256772
+```
+
+Variables in functions can be defined as either 'global', 'local',
+or 'static'.  Global variables are common to all functions and the
+command line, whereas local variables are unique to each function
+level, and are destroyed when the function returns.  Static variables
+are scoped within single input files, or within functions, and are
+never destroyed.  Variables are not typed at definition time, but
+dynamically change as they are used.
+
+For more information about the calc language and features, try:
+
+```sh
+help overview
+```
+
+Calc has a help command that will produce information about
+every builtin function, command as well as a number of other
+aspects of calc usage.  Try the command:
+
+```sh
+help help
+```
+
+for and overview of the help system.  The command:
+
+```sh
+help builtin
+```
+
+provides information on built-in mathematical functions, whereas:
+
+```sh
+help asinh
+```
+
+will provides information a specific function.  The following
+help files:
+
+```sh
+help command
+help define
+help operator
+help statement
+help variable
+```
+
+provide a good overview of the calc language.  If you are familiar
+with C, you should also try:
+
+```sh
+help unexpected
+```
+
+It contains information about differences between C and calc
+that may surprise C programmers.

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+The most recent version of calc is supported with security updates.
+
+If the most recent stable of calc is also supported with security updates.
+
+FYI: please review the BUGS file, or enter the calc command:
+
+    ; help BUGS
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Please create a calc GitHub repo issue:
+
+    https://github.com/lcn2/calc/issues
+
+Click on ((New issue)) and follow the issue template.

addop.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * addop - add opcodes to a function being compiled
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007  David I. Bell and Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2021,2022  David I. Bell and Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Primary author:  David I. Bell
  *
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: addop.c,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:46 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/addop.c,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:48:10
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *
@@ -32,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "calc.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
 #include "opcodes.h"
 #include "str.h"
 #include "func.h"
@@ -40,6 +37,10 @@
 #include "symbol.h"
 
 
+#include "attribute.h"
+#include "banned.h"	/* include after system header <> includes */
+
+
 #define FUNCALLOCSIZE	20	/* reallocate size for functions */
 #define OPCODEALLOCSIZE 100	/* reallocate size for opcodes in functions */
 
@@ -68,12 +69,12 @@ initfunctions(void)
 	functemplate = (FUNC *) malloc(funcsize(maxopcodes));
 	if (functemplate == NULL) {
 		math_error("Cannot allocate function template");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	functions = (FUNC **) malloc(sizeof(FUNC *) * FUNCALLOCSIZE);
 	if (functions == NULL) {
 		math_error("Cannot allocate function table");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	funccount = 0;
 	funcavail = FUNCALLOCSIZE;
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ beginfunc(char *name, BOOL newflag)
 		fp = (FUNC *) malloc(funcsize(maxopcodes));
 		if (fp == NULL) {
 			math_error("Cannot allocate temporary function");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 	}
 	fp->f_next = NULL;
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ endfunc(void)
 	fp = (FUNC *) malloc(size);
 	if (fp == NULL) {
 		math_error("Cannot commit function");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	memcpy((char *) fp, (char *) curfunc, size);
 	if (curfunc != functemplate)
@@ -257,13 +258,13 @@ adduserfunc(char *name)
 			sizeof(FUNC *) * (funcavail + FUNCALLOCSIZE));
 		if (functions == NULL) {
 			math_error("Failed to reallocate function table");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		funcavail += FUNCALLOCSIZE;
 	}
 	if (addstr(&funcnames, name) == NULL) {
 		math_error("Cannot save function name");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	index = funccount++;
 	functions[index] = NULL;
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ freefunc(FUNC *fp)
 		}
 		if (index == funccount) {
 			math_error("Bad call to freefunc!!!");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 	}
 	if (newname[0] != '*' && (conf->traceflags & TRACE_FNCODES)) {
@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ findfunc(long index)
 {
 	if (index >= funccount) {
 		math_error("Undefined function");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	return functions[index];
 }
@@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ addop(long op)
 		fp = (FUNC *) malloc(funcsize(maxopcodes));
 		if (fp == NULL) {
 			math_error("cannot malloc function");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		memcpy((char *) fp, (char *) curfunc,
 			funcsize(curfunc->f_opcodecount));

align32.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * align32 - determine if 32 bit accesses must be aligned
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: align32.c,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:46 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/align32.c,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/11/23 05:18:06
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *
@@ -31,6 +27,11 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#include "have_stdlib.h"
+#if defined(HAVE_STDLIB_H)
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+
 #include "longbits.h"
 
 #include "have_unistd.h"
@@ -38,7 +39,13 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
-static void buserr(void);	/* catch alignment errors */
+#include "have_unused.h"
+
+
+#include "banned.h"	/* include after system header <> includes */
+
+
+static void buserr(int arg);	/* catch alignment errors */
 
 
 int
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ main(void)
 {
 	char byte[2*sizeof(USB32)];	/* mis-alignment buffer */
 	USB32 *p;			/* mis-alignment pointer */
-	int i;
+	unsigned long i;
 
 #if defined(MUST_ALIGN32)
 	/* force alignment */
@@ -82,7 +89,7 @@ main(void)
  */
 /*ARGSUSED*/
 static void
-buserr(int arg)
+buserr(int UNUSED(arg))
 {
 	/* alignment is required */
 	printf("#define MUST_ALIGN32\t%c* must align 32 bit values *%c\n",

alloc.h

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.5 $
- * @(#) $Id: alloc.h,v 30.5 2014/08/24 21:56:51 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/alloc.h,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:48:29
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *
@@ -46,9 +42,7 @@
 # include <string.h>
 
 #else
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(NOTCYGWIN)
 #include <stdio.h>
-#endif
 
 # if defined(HAVE_NEWSTR)
 E_FUNC void *memcpy();

assocfunc.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * assocfunc - association table routines
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007  David I. Bell
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2021,2022  David I. Bell
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
- * @(#) $Id: assocfunc.c,v 30.3 2014/09/30 00:55:11 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/assocfunc.c,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1993/07/20 23:04:27
  * File existed as early as:	1993
  *
@@ -40,6 +36,10 @@
 #include "value.h"
 
 
+#include "attribute.h"
+#include "banned.h"	/* include after system header <> includes */
+
+
 #define MINHASHSIZE	31	/* minimum size of hash tables */
 #define GROWHASHSIZE	50	/* approximate growth for hash tables */
 #define CHAINLENGTH	10	/* desired number of elements on a hash chain */
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ associndex(ASSOC *ap, BOOL create, long dim, VALUE *indices)
 
 	if (dim < 0) {
 		math_error("Negative dimension for indexing association");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ associndex(ASSOC *ap, BOOL create, long dim, VALUE *indices)
 	ep = (ASSOCELEM *) malloc(ELEMSIZE(dim));
 	if (ep == NULL) {
 		math_error("Cannot allocate association element");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	ep->e_dim = dim;
 	ep->e_hash = hash;
@@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ assocsearch(ASSOC *ap, VALUE *vp, long i, long j, ZVALUE *index)
 
 	if (i < 0 || j > ap->a_count) {
 		math_error("This should not happen in assocsearch");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	while (i < j) {
 		ep = elemindex(ap, i);
 		if (ep == NULL) {
 			math_error("This should not happen in assocsearch");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		if (acceptvalue(&ep->e_value, vp)) {
 			utoz(i, index);
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ assocrsearch(ASSOC *ap, VALUE *vp, long i, long j, ZVALUE *index)
 
 	if (i < 0 || j > ap->a_count) {
 		math_error("This should not happen in assocsearch");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	j--;
 	while (j >= i) {
 		ep = elemindex(ap, j);
 		if (ep == NULL) {
 			math_error("This should not happen in assocsearch");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		if (acceptvalue(&ep->e_value, vp)) {
 			utoz(j, index);
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ assoccopy(ASSOC *oldap)
 			if (ep == NULL) {
 				math_error("Cannot allocate "
 					   "association element");
-				/*NOTREACHED*/
+				not_reached();
 			}
 			ep->e_dim = oldep->e_dim;
 			ep->e_hash = oldep->e_hash;
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ resize(ASSOC *ap, long newsize)
 	newtable = (ASSOCELEM **) malloc(sizeof(ASSOCELEM *) * newsize);
 	if (newtable == NULL) {
 		math_error("No memory to grow association");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < newsize; i++)
 		newtable[i] = NULL;
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ assocalloc(long initsize)
 	ap = (ASSOC *) malloc(sizeof(ASSOC));
 	if (ap == NULL) {
 		math_error("No memory for association");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	ap->a_count = 0;
 	ap->a_size = initsize;
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ assocalloc(long initsize)
 	if (ap->a_table == NULL) {
 		free((char *) ap);
 		math_error("No memory for association");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < initsize; i++)
 		ap->a_table[i] = NULL;

attribute.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * attribute - control use of attributes in a backward compatible way
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2022  Landon Curt Noll
+ *
+ * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+ * distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+ * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * Under source code control:	2022/01/21 22:51:25
+ * File existed as early as:	2022
+ *
+ * chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+ * Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+ */
+
+
+#if !defined(INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_H)
+#define INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_H
+
+
+/*
+ * backward compatibility
+ *
+ * Not all compilers support __attribute__ nor do they suuport __has_builtin.
+ * For example, MSVC, TenDRAm and Little C Compiler doesn't support __attribute__.
+ * Early gcc does not support __attribute__.
+ *
+ * Not all compiles have __has_builtin
+ */
+#if !defined(__attribute__) && \
+    (defined(__cplusplus) || !defined(__GNUC__)  || __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 8)
+#    define __attribute__(A)
+#endif
+#if !defined __has_builtin
+#    define __has_builtin(x) 0
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * not_reached
+ *
+ * In the old days of lint, one could give lint and friends a hint by
+ * placing the token NOTREACHED immediately between opening and closing
+ * comments.  Modern compilers do not honor such commented tokens
+ * and instead rely on features such as __builtin_unreachable
+ * and __attribute__((noreturn)).
+ *
+ * The not_reached will either yield a __builtin_unreachable() feature call,
+ * or it will call abort from stdlib.
+ */
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable)
+#    define not_reached() __builtin_unreachable()
+#else
+#    define not_reached() abort()
+#endif /* __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable) */
+
+
+#endif /* !INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_H */

banned.h

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * banned - optionally ban dangerous functions
+ *
+ * Unless UNBAN is defined, this file will turn the use
+ * of certain dangerous functions into syntax errors.
+ *
+ * In the case of calc, we are motivated in part by the desire for
+ * calc to correctly calculate: even during extremely long calculations.
+ *
+ * If UNBAN is NOT defined, then calling certain functions
+ * will result in a syntax error.
+ *
+ * If we define UNBAN, then the effect of this file is disabled.
+ *
+ * The banned.h attempts to ban the use of certain dangerous functions
+ * that, if improperly used, could compromise the computational integrity
+ * if calculations.
+ *
+ * In the case of calc, we are motivated in part by the desire for calc
+ * to correctly calculate: even during extremely long calculations.
+ *
+ * If UNBAN is NOT defined, then calling certain functions
+ * will result in a call to a non-existent function (link error).
+ *
+ * While we do NOT encourage defining UNBAN, there may be
+ * a system / compiler environment where re-defining a
+ * function may lead to a fatal compiler complication.
+ * If that happens, consider compiling as:
+ *
+ *	make clobber all chk CCBAN=-DUNBAN
+ *
+ * as see if this is a work-a-round.
+ *
+ * If YOU discover a need for the -DUNBAN work-a-round, PLEASE tell us!
+ * Please send us a bug report.  See the file:
+ *
+ *	BUGS
+ *
+ * or the URL:
+ *
+ *	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/calc-bugrept.html
+ *
+ * for how to send us such a bug report.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+ *
+ * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+ * distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+ * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * Under source code control:	2021/03/06 21:07:31
+ * File existed as early as:	2021
+ *
+ * chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+ * Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+ */
+
+
+#if !defined(PRE_HAVE_BAN_PRAGMA_H)
+#include "have_ban_pragma.h"
+#endif /* ! PRE_HAVE_BAN_PRAGMA_H */
+
+
+#if !defined(INCLUDE_BANNED_H)
+#define INCLUDE_BANNED_H
+
+/*
+ * If we define UNBAN, then the effect of this file is disabled.
+ */
+#if !defined(UNBAN)
+
+/*
+ * In the spirit of:
+ *
+ *	https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/banned.h
+ *
+ * we will ban the use of certain unsafe functions by turning
+ * then into function calls that do not exist.
+ *
+ * In the case of calc, we are motivated in part by the desire
+ * for calc to correctly calculate: even during extremely long
+ * calculations.
+ *
+ * If UNBAN is NOT defined, then calling certain functions
+ * will result in a syntax error.
+ *
+ * Unlike the above URL, we suggest an alternative function.
+ * In many cases, additional logic is required to use the
+ * alternative function, we cannot simply replace one function
+ * with another.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * If one is not careful, strcpy() can lead to buffer overflows.
+ * Use strlcpy() instead.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION)
+#undef strcpy
+#pragma GCC poison strcpy
+#endif /* HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION */
+
+/*
+ * If one is not careful, strcat() can lead to buffer overflows.
+ * Use strlcat() instead.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION)
+#undef strcat
+#pragma GCC poison strcat
+#endif /* HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION */
+
+/*
+ * If one is not careful, strncpy() can lead to buffer overflows.
+ * Use memccpy() instead.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION)
+#undef strncpy
+#pragma GCC poison strncpy
+#endif /* HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION */
+
+/*
+ * If one is not careful, strncat() can lead to buffer overflows.
+ * Use memccpy() instead.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION)
+#undef strncat
+#pragma GCC poison strncat
+#endif /* HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION */
+
+/*
+ * If one is not careful, sprintf() can lead to buffer overflows.
+ * Use snprintf() instead.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION)
+#undef sprintf
+#pragma GCC poison sprintf
+#endif /* HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION */
+
+/*
+ * If one is not careful, vsprintf() can lead to buffer overflows.
+ * Use vsnprintf() instead.
+ */
+#if defined(HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION)
+#undef vsprintf
+#pragma GCC poison vsprintf
+#endif /* HAVE_PRAGMA_GCC_POSION */
+
+/*
+ * XXX - As of 2021, functions such as:
+ *
+ *	gmtime_s
+ *	localtime_s
+ *	ctime_s
+ *	asctime_s
+ *
+ * are not universal.  We cannot yet ban the following
+ * functions because we do not have a portable AND
+ * widely available alternative.  Therefore we just
+ * have to be extra careful when using:
+ *
+ *	gmtime
+ *	localtime
+ *	ctime
+ *	ctime_r
+ *	asctime
+ *	asctime_r
+ */
+
+#endif /* !UNBAN */
+
+#endif /* !INCLUDE_BANNED_H */

blkcpy.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * blkcpy - general values and related routines used by the calculator
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007  Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2021,2022  Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Primary author:  Landon Curt Noll
  *
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: blkcpy.c,v 30.2 2013/08/11 08:41:38 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/blkcpy.c,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1997/04/18 20:41:26
  * File existed as early as:	1997
  *
@@ -33,12 +29,17 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include "calc.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
 #include "value.h"
 #include "file.h"
 #include "blkcpy.h"
 #include "str.h"
 
 
+#include "attribute.h"
+#include "banned.h"	/* include after system header <> includes */
+
+
 /*
  * copystod - copy num indexed items from source value to destination value
  *
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ copymat2mat(MATRIX *smat, long ssi, long num, MATRIX *dmat, long dsi)
 	vtemp = (VALUE *) malloc(num * sizeof(VALUE));
 	if (vtemp == NULL) {
 		math_error("Out of memory for mat-to-mat copy");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	vp = smat->m_table + ssi;
 	vq = vtemp;
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ copyblk2mat(BLOCK *blk, long ssi, long num, MATRIX *dmat, long dsi)
 	vtemp = (VALUE *) malloc(num * sizeof(VALUE));
 	if (vtemp == NULL) {
 		math_error("Out of memory for block-to-matrix copy");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	vp = vtemp;
 	i = num;
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ copymat2blk(MATRIX *smat, long ssi, long num, BLOCK *dblk, long dsi,
 		newdata = (USB8*) realloc(dblk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Out of memory for matrix-to-block copy");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		dblk->data = newdata;
 		dblk->maxsize = newsize;
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ copymat2list(MATRIX *smat, long ssi, long num, LIST *lp, long dsi)
 	vtemp = (VALUE *) malloc(num * sizeof(VALUE));
 	if (vtemp == NULL) {
 		math_error("Out of memory for matrix-to-list copy");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	vp = smat->m_table + ssi;
 	vq = vtemp;
@@ -497,7 +498,7 @@ copylist2mat(LIST *lp, long ssi, long num, MATRIX *dmat, long dsi)
 	vtemp = (VALUE *) malloc(num * sizeof(VALUE));
 	if (vtemp == NULL) {
 		math_error("Out of memory for list-to-matrix copy");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	ep = listelement(lp, (long) ssi);
 	vp = vtemp;
@@ -547,7 +548,7 @@ copylist2list(LIST *slp, long ssi, long num, LIST *dlp, long dsi)
 	vtemp = (VALUE *) malloc(num * sizeof(VALUE));
 	if (vtemp == NULL) {
 		math_error("Out of memory for list-to-list copy");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	sep = listelement(slp, (long) ssi);
 	vp = vtemp;
@@ -662,7 +663,7 @@ copyfile2blk(FILEID id, long ssi, long num, BLOCK *dblk, long dsi, BOOL noreloc)
 		newdata = (USB8*) realloc(dblk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Out of memory for block-to-block copy");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		dblk->data = newdata;
 		dblk->maxsize = newsize;
@@ -748,7 +749,7 @@ copyblk2blk(BLOCK *sblk, long ssi, long num, BLOCK *dblk, long dsi,
 		newdata = (USB8*) realloc(dblk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Out of memory for block-to-block copy");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		dblk->data = newdata;
 		dblk->maxsize = newsize;
@@ -792,7 +793,7 @@ copystr2blk(STRING *str, long ssi, long num, BLOCK *dblk, long dsi,
 		newdata = (USB8*) realloc(dblk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Out of memory for string-to-block copy");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		dblk->data = newdata;
 		dblk->maxsize = newsize;
@@ -913,7 +914,7 @@ copyostr2blk(char *str,long ssi,long num,BLOCK *dblk,long dsi,BOOL noreloc)
 		newdata = (USB8*) realloc(dblk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Out of memory for string-to-block copy");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		dblk->data = newdata;
 		dblk->maxsize = newsize;
@@ -945,7 +946,7 @@ memmove(void *s1, CONST void *s2, MEMMOVE_SIZE_T n)
 	 */
 	if (s1 == NULL || s2 == NULL) {
 		math_error("bogus memmove NULL ptr");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	if (n <= 0) {
 		/* neg or 0 count does nothing */
@@ -1015,7 +1016,7 @@ copynum2blk(NUMBER *snum, long ssi, long num, BLOCK *dblk, long dsi,
 		newdata = (USB8*) realloc(dblk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Out of memory for num-to-block copy");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 		dblk->data = newdata;
 		dblk->maxsize = newsize;
@@ -1044,7 +1045,7 @@ copyblk2num(BLOCK *sblk, long ssi, long num, NUMBER *dnum, long dsi,
 	NUMBER *ret;		/* cloned and modified numerator */
 #if CALC_BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
 	HALF *swapped;		/* byte swapped input data */
-	unsigned long halflen;	/* length of the input ounded up to HALFs */
+	unsigned long halflen;	/* length of the input rounded up to HALFs */
 	HALF *h;		/* copy byteswap pointer */
 	unsigned long i;
 #endif
@@ -1086,7 +1087,7 @@ copyblk2num(BLOCK *sblk, long ssi, long num, NUMBER *dnum, long dsi,
 	swapped = (HALF *)malloc(halflen * sizeof(HALF));
 	if (swapped == NULL) {
 		math_error("Out of memory for block-to-num copy");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	/* ensure that any trailing octets will be zero filled */
 	swapped[halflen-1] = 0;

blkcpy.h

@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
- * @(#) $Id: blkcpy.h,v 30.3 2014/08/24 21:56:51 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/blkcpy.h,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1997/04/18 20:41:25
  * File existed as early as:	1997
  *

block.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * block - fixed, dynamic, fifo and circular memory blocks
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007  Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2021,2022  Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Primary author:  Landon Curt Noll
  *
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: block.c,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:46 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/block.c,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1997/02/27 00:29:40
  * File existed as early as:	1997
  *
@@ -32,6 +28,11 @@
 
 
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include "have_string.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
+# include <string.h>
+#endif
+#include "alloc.h"
 #include "value.h"
 #include "zmath.h"
 #include "config.h"
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@
 #include "str.h"
 #include "calcerr.h"
 
+
+#include "attribute.h"
+#include "banned.h"	/* include after system header <> includes */
+
+
 #define NBLOCKCHUNK 16
 
 STATIC long nblockcount = 0;
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ blkalloc(int len, int chunk)
 	nblk = (BLOCK *)malloc(sizeof(BLOCK));
 	if (nblk == NULL) {
 		math_error("cannot allocate block");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -93,7 +99,7 @@ blkalloc(int len, int chunk)
 	nblk->data = (USB8*)malloc(nblk->maxsize);
 	if (nblk->data == NULL) {
 		math_error("cannot allocate block data storage");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	memset(nblk->data, 0, nblk->maxsize);
 	nblk->datalen = len;
@@ -151,7 +157,7 @@ blk_free(BLOCK *blk)
  *	blk	- the BLOCK to check
  *
  * returns:
- *	if all is ok, otherwise math_error() is called and this
+ *	if all is OK, otherwise math_error() is called and this
  *	function does not return
  */
 S_FUNC void
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@ blkchk(BLOCK *blk)
 	}
 	if (blk == NULL) {
 		math_error("internal: blk ptr is NULL");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@ blkchk(BLOCK *blk)
 	 */
 	if (blk->data == NULL) {
 		math_error("internal: blk->data ptr is NULL");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@ blkchk(BLOCK *blk)
 	 */
 	if (blk->datalen < 0) {
 		math_error("internal: blk->datalen < 0");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ blkchk(BLOCK *blk)
 	 */
 	if (blk->datalen < 0) {
 		math_error("internal: blk->datalen < 0");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	return;
 }
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@ blkrealloc(BLOCK *blk, int newlen, int newchunk)
 		nblk = (USB8*)realloc(blk->data, newmax);
 		if (nblk == NULL) {
 			math_error("cannot reallocate block storage");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/* clear any new storage */
@@ -295,7 +301,7 @@ blkrealloc(BLOCK *blk, int newlen, int newchunk)
 	 * Set the data length
 	 *
 	 * We also know that the new block is not empty since we have
-	 * already dealth with that case above.
+	 * already dealt with that case above.
 	 *
 	 * After this section of code, limit and datalen will be
 	 * correct in terms of the new type.
@@ -362,7 +368,7 @@ blktrunc(BLOCK *blk)
 	blk->data = (USB8*)malloc(1);
 	if (blk->data == NULL) {
 		math_error("cannot allocate truncated block storage");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	blk->data[0] = (USB8)0;
 	if (conf->calc_debug & CALCDBG_BLOCK) {
@@ -392,7 +398,7 @@ blk_copy(BLOCK *blk)
 	nblk = (BLOCK *)malloc(sizeof(BLOCK));
 	if (nblk == NULL) {
 		math_error("blk_copy: cannot malloc BLOCK");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -406,7 +412,7 @@ blk_copy(BLOCK *blk)
 	nblk->data = (USB8 *)malloc(blk->maxsize);
 	if (nblk->data == NULL) {
 		math_error("blk_copy: cannot duplicate block data");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	memcpy(nblk->data, blk->data, blk->maxsize);
 	return nblk;
@@ -534,7 +540,7 @@ reallocnblock(int id, int len, int chunk)
 	/* Fire wall */
 	if (id < 0 || id >= nblockcount) {
 		math_error("Bad id in call to reallocnblock");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	blk = nblocks[id]->blk;
@@ -551,13 +557,13 @@ reallocnblock(int id, int len, int chunk)
 		newdata = malloc(newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Allocation failed");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 	} else if (newsize != oldsize) {
 		newdata = realloc(blk->data, newsize);
 		if (newdata == NULL) {
 			math_error("Reallocation failed");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 	}
 	memset(newdata + len, 0, newsize - len);
@@ -588,7 +594,7 @@ createnblock(char *name, int len, int chunk)
 			if (nblocks == NULL) {
 				maxnblockcount = 0;
 				math_error("unable to malloc new named blocks");
-				/*NOTREACHED*/
+				not_reached();
 			}
 		} else {
 			maxnblockcount += NBLOCKCHUNK;
@@ -597,7 +603,7 @@ createnblock(char *name, int len, int chunk)
 			if (nblocks == NULL) {
 				maxnblockcount = 0;
 				math_error("cannot malloc more named blocks");
-				/*NOTREACHED*/
+				not_reached();
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -605,18 +611,18 @@ createnblock(char *name, int len, int chunk)
 		initstr(&nblocknames);
 	if (findstr(&nblocknames, name) >= 0) {
 		math_error("Named block already exists!!!");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 	newname = addstr(&nblocknames, name);
 	if (newname == NULL) {
 		math_error("Block name allocation failed");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	res = (NBLOCK *) malloc(sizeof(NBLOCK));
 	if (res == NULL) {
 		math_error("Named block allocation failed");
-		/*NOTREACHED*/
+		not_reached();
 	}
 
 	nblocks[nblockcount] = res;

block.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * block - fixed, dynamic, fifo and circular memory blocks
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014  Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007,2014,2021  Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Primary author:  Landon Curt Noll
  *
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
- * @(#) $Id: block.h,v 30.3 2014/08/24 21:56:51 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/block.h,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1997/02/21 05:03:39
  * File existed as early as:	1997
  *
@@ -59,7 +55,7 @@
  *		blkchunk defaults to BLK_CHUNKSIZE
  *
  *	blkfree(x)
- *		Reduce storage down to 0 octetes.
+ *		Reduce storage down to 0 octets.
  *
  *	size(x)
  *		The length of data stored in the block.
@@ -92,7 +88,7 @@
  *	blkmove(dest, src, length [, dest_offset [, src_offset]])
  *		0 <= length <= blksize(x)
  *		offset's are restricted in value by block type
- *		overlapping moves are handeled correctly
+ *		overlapping moves are handled correctly
  *
  *	blkccpy(dest, src, stopval, length [, dest_offset [, src_offset]])
  *		0 <= length <= blksize(x)
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@
  *		b = a*k for some integer k >= 1
  *
  *	scatter(src, dest1, dest2 [, dest3 ] ...)
- *		copy sucessive octets from src into dest1, dest2, ...
+ *		copy successive octets from src into dest1, dest2, ...
  *		    restarting with dest1 after end of list
  *		stops at end of src
  *
@@ -188,7 +184,7 @@ EXTERN int blk_debug;	/* 0 => debug off */
 /* length of data stored in a block */
 #define blklen(blk) ((blk)->datalen)
 
-/* block footpint in memory */
+/* block footprint in memory */
 #define blksizeof(blk) ((blk)->maxsize)
 
 /* block allocation chunk size */

byteswap.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * byteswap - byte swapping routines
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021,2022  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: byteswap.c,v 30.2 2013/08/11 08:41:38 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/byteswap.c,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/10/11 04:44:01
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *
@@ -33,14 +29,18 @@
 #include "byteswap.h"
 
 
+#include "attribute.h"
+#include "banned.h"	/* include after system header <> includes */
+
+
 /*
  * swap_b8_in_HALFs - swap 8 and if needed, 16 bits in an array of HALFs
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a HALF array to swap
- *	len	- length of the src HALF array
+ *	len	- length of the src HALF array in HALFs
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ swap_b8_in_HALFs(HALF *dest, HALF *src, LEN len)
  * swap_b8_in_ZVALUE - swap 8 and if needed, 16 bits in a ZVALUE
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a ZVALUE to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ swap_b8_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_b8_in_ZVALUE: swap_b8_in_ZVALUE: "
 				    "Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ swap_b8_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the ZVALUE elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->len = (LEN)SWAP_B8_IN_LEN(&dest->len, &src->len);
+		SWAP_B8_IN_LEN(&dest->len, &src->len);
-		dest->sign = (BOOL)SWAP_B8_IN_BOOL(&dest->sign, &src->sign);
+		SWAP_B8_IN_BOOL(&dest->sign, &src->sign);
 	} else {
 		dest->len = src->len;
 		dest->sign = src->sign;
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ swap_b8_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_b8_in_NUMBER - swap 8 and if needed, 16 bits in a NUMBER
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a NUMBER to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ swap_b8_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(NUMBER));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_b8_in_NUMBER: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ swap_b8_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the NUMBER elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->links = (long)SWAP_B8_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
+		SWAP_B8_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
 	} else {
 		dest->links = src->links;
 	}
@@ -209,11 +209,11 @@ swap_b8_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_b8_in_COMPLEX - swap 8 and if needed, 16 bits in a COMPLEX
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a COMPLEX to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ swap_b8_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(COMPLEX));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_b8_in_COMPLEX: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ swap_b8_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the NUMBER elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->links = (long)SWAP_B8_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
+		SWAP_B8_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
 	} else {
 		dest->links = src->links;
 	}
@@ -273,10 +273,10 @@ swap_b8_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_b16_in_HALFs - swap 16 bits in an array of HALFs
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a HALF array to swap
- *	len	- length of the src HALF array
+ *	len	- length of the src HALF array in HALFs
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -309,15 +309,59 @@ swap_b16_in_HALFs(HALF *dest, HALF *src, LEN len)
 }
 
 
+/*
+ * swap_HALFs - swap HALFs in an array of HALFs
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
+ *		  NULL to allocate the storage
+ *	src	- pointer to a HALF array to swap
+ *	len	- length of the src HALF array in HALFs
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
+ */
+HALF *
+swap_HALFs(HALF *dest, HALF *src, LEN len)
+{
+	HALF *s;	/* src swap pointer */
+	HALF *d;	/* dest swap pointer */
+	HALF *ret;
+	LEN i;
+
+	/*
+	 * allocate storage if needed
+	 */
+	if (dest == NULL) {
+		dest = alloc(len);
+	}
+	ret = dest;
+
+	/*
+	 * swap HALFs in the array
+	 */
+	s = src;
+	d = &dest[len-1];
+	for (i=0; i < len; ++i, --d, ++s) {
+		*d = *s;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * return the result
+	 */
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
 /*
  * swap_b16_in_ZVALUE - swap 16 bits in a ZVALUE
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a ZVALUE to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -339,7 +383,7 @@ swap_b16_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(ZVALUE));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_b16_in_ZVALUE: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -362,8 +406,8 @@ swap_b16_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the ZVALUE elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->len = (LEN)SWAP_B16_IN_LEN(&dest->len, &src->len);
+		SWAP_B16_IN_LEN(&dest->len, &src->len);
-		dest->sign = (BOOL)SWAP_B16_IN_BOOL(&dest->sign, &src->sign);
+		SWAP_B16_IN_BOOL(&dest->sign, &src->sign);
 	} else {
 		dest->len = src->len;
 		dest->sign = src->sign;
@@ -380,11 +424,11 @@ swap_b16_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_b16_in_NUMBER - swap 16 bits in a NUMBER
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a NUMBER to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -406,7 +450,7 @@ swap_b16_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(NUMBER));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_b16_in_NUMBER: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -428,7 +472,7 @@ swap_b16_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the NUMBER elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->links = (long)SWAP_B16_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
+		SWAP_B16_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
 	} else {
 		dest->links = src->links;
 	}
@@ -444,11 +488,11 @@ swap_b16_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_b16_in_COMPLEX - swap 16 bits in a COMPLEX
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a COMPLEX to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -470,7 +514,7 @@ swap_b16_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(COMPLEX));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_b16_in_COMPLEX: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -492,7 +536,7 @@ swap_b16_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the NUMBER elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->links = (long)SWAP_B16_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
+		SWAP_B16_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
 	} else {
 		dest->links = src->links;
 	}
@@ -508,11 +552,11 @@ swap_b16_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_HALF_in_ZVALUE - swap HALFs in a ZVALUE
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a ZVALUE to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -531,10 +575,10 @@ swap_HALF_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
 		/*
 		 * allocate the storage
 		 */
-		dest = malloc(sizeof(ZVALUE));
+		dest = calloc(1, sizeof(ZVALUE));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_HALF_in_ZVALUE: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -558,8 +602,8 @@ swap_HALF_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the ZVALUE elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->len = (LEN)SWAP_HALF_IN_LEN(&dest->len, &src->len);
+		SWAP_HALF_IN_LEN(&dest->len, &src->len);
-		dest->sign = (BOOL)SWAP_HALF_IN_BOOL(&dest->sign, &src->sign);
+		SWAP_HALF_IN_BOOL(&dest->sign, &src->sign);
 	} else {
 		dest->len = src->len;
 		dest->sign = src->sign;
@@ -576,11 +620,11 @@ swap_HALF_in_ZVALUE(ZVALUE *dest, ZVALUE *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_HALF_in_NUMBER - swap HALFs in a NUMBER
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a NUMBER to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -602,7 +646,7 @@ swap_HALF_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(NUMBER));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_HALF_in_NUMBER: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -624,7 +668,7 @@ swap_HALF_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the NUMBER elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->links = (long)SWAP_HALF_IN_LONG(&dest->links,&src->links);
+		SWAP_HALF_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
 	} else {
 		dest->links = src->links;
 	}
@@ -640,11 +684,11 @@ swap_HALF_in_NUMBER(NUMBER *dest, NUMBER *src, BOOL all)
  * swap_HALF_in_COMPLEX - swap HALFs in a COMPLEX
  *
  * given:
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put or
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put or
  *		  NULL to allocate the storage
  *	src	- pointer to a COMPLEX to swap
  *	all	- TRUE => swap every element, FALSE => swap only the
- *		  multiprecision storage
+ *		  multi-precision storage
  *
  * returns:
  *	pointer to where the swapped src has been put
@@ -666,7 +710,7 @@ swap_HALF_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
 		dest = malloc(sizeof(COMPLEX));
 		if (dest == NULL) {
 			math_error("swap_HALF_in_COMPLEX: Not enough memory");
-			/*NOTREACHED*/
+			not_reached();
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -688,7 +732,7 @@ swap_HALF_in_COMPLEX(COMPLEX *dest, COMPLEX *src, BOOL all)
 	 * swap or copy the rest of the NUMBER elements
 	 */
 	if (all) {
-		dest->links = (long)SWAP_HALF_IN_LONG(&dest->links,&src->links);
+		SWAP_HALF_IN_LONG(&dest->links, &src->links);
 	} else {
 		dest->links = src->links;
 	}

byteswap.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * byteswap - byte swapping macros
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999,2014  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2014,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
- * @(#) $Id: byteswap.h,v 30.3 2014/08/24 21:56:51 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/RCS/byteswap.h,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/10/11 04:44:01
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B8_IN_B16 - swap 8 bits in 16 bits
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 16 bit value to swap
  *
  * This macro will either switch to the opposite byte sex (Big Endian vs.
@@ -57,7 +53,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B16_IN_B32 - swap 16 bits in 32 bits
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 32 bit value to swap
  */
 #define SWAP_B16_IN_B32(dest, src) (					\
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B8_IN_B32 - swap 8 & 16 bits in 32 bits
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 32 bit value to swap
  *
  * This macro will either switch to the opposite byte sex (Big Endian vs.
@@ -86,7 +82,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B32_IN_B64 - swap 32 bits in 64 bits
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 64 bit value to swap
  */
 #define SWAP_B32_IN_B64(dest, src) (					\
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B16_IN_B64 - swap 16 & 32 bits in 64 bits
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 64 bit value to swap
  */
 #define SWAP_B16_IN_B64(dest, src) (					\
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B8_IN_B64 - swap 16 & 32 bits in 64 bits
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 64 bit value to swap
  *
  * This macro will either switch to the opposite byte sex (Big Endian vs.
@@ -128,7 +124,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B32_IN_B64 - swap 32 bits in 64 bits (simulated by 2 32 bit values)
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 64 bit value to swap
  */
 #define SWAP_B32_IN_B64(dest, src) (					\
@@ -139,7 +135,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B16_IN_B64 - swap 16 & 32 bits in 64 bits (simulated by 2 32 bit vals)
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 64 bit value to swap
  */
 #define SWAP_B16_IN_B64(dest, src) (					\
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@
 /*
  * SWAP_B8_IN_B64 - swap 16 & 32 bits in 64 bits (simulated by 2 32 bit vals)
  *
- *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src wil be put
+ *	dest	- pointer to where the swapped src will be put
  *	src	- pointer to a 64 bit value to swap
  *
  * This macro will either switch to the opposite byte sex (Big Endian vs.

cal/Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-#!/bin/make
+#!/usr/bin/env make
 #
 # cal - makefile for calc standard resource files
 #
-# Copyright (C) 1999-2006,2017  Landon Curt Noll
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2006,2017,2021-2023  Landon Curt Noll
+#
+# Suggestion: Read the ../HOWTO.INSTALL file.
 #
 # Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 # the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -18,198 +20,127 @@
 # received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-# @(#) $Revision: 30.12 $
-# @(#) $Id: Makefile,v 30.12 2017/05/19 16:09:14 chongo Exp $
-# @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc-RHEL7/cal/RCS/Makefile,v $
-#
 # Under source code control:	1991/07/21 05:00:54
 # File existed as early as:	1991
 #
+# This calculator first developed by David I. Bell with help/mods from others.
+#
 # chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
-# Share and enjoy!  :-) http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+# Share and enjoy!  :-)		http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
-#
-# calculator by David I. Bell with help/mods from others
-# Makefile by Landon Curt Noll
 
-# required vars
-#
-SHELL= /bin/sh
 
-####
+# SUGGESTION: Instead of modifying this file, consider adding
-# Normally, the upper level makefile will set these values.  We provide
+#	      statements to modify, replace or append Makefile
-# a default here just in case you want to build from this directory.
+#	      variables in the ../Makefile.local file.
-####
+
+
+###########################################
+# Files used or included by this Makefile #
+###########################################
 
 # Normally certain files depend on the Makefile.  If the Makefile is
 # changed, then certain steps should be redone.  If MAKE_FILE is
 # set to Makefile, then these files will depend on Makefile.  If
-# MAKE_FILE is empty, then they wont.
+# MAKE_FILE is empty, then they won't.
 #
 # If in doubt, set MAKE_FILE to Makefile
 #
 MAKE_FILE= Makefile
 
-# Controlling file makefile basename (without the path)
+# Calc configuration and compile configuration values
 #
-# This is the basename same of the makefile that may/does/will drive
+CONFIG_MKF= ../Makefile.config
-# this makefile.
-#
-# If in doubt, set TOP_MAKE_FILE to Makefile
-#
-TOP_MAKE_FILE= Makefile
 
-# Where the system include (.h) files are kept
+# Host target information.
-#
-# For DJGPP, select:
-#
-#	INCDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/include
-#
-# If in doubt, set:
-#
-#	INCDIR= /usr/include
 #
+TARGET_MKF= ../Makefile.target
 
-#INCDIR= /usr/local/include
+# Local file that is included just prior to the first rule,
-#INCDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/include
+# that allows one to override any values set in this Makefile.
-INCDIR= /usr/include
+#
+LOCAL_MKF= ../Makefile.local
 
-# where to install calc realted things
+# The set of Makefiles
 #
-# ${BINDIR}		where to install calc binary files
+MK_SET= ${MAKE_FILE} ${CONFIG_MKF} ${TARGET_MKF} ${LOCAL_MKF}
-# ${LIBDIR}		where calc link library (*.a) files are installed
-# ${CALC_SHAREDIR}	where to install calc help, .cal, startup, config files
-#
-# NOTE: The install rule prepends installation paths with ${T}, which
-#	by default is empty.  If ${T} is non-empty, then installation
-#	locations will be relative to the ${T} directory.
-#
-# For DJGPP, select:
-#
-#	BINDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/bin
-#	LIBDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/lib
-#	CALC_SHAREDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/share/calc
-#
-# If in doubt, set:
-#
-#	BINDIR= /usr/bin
-#	LIBDIR= /usr/lib
-#	CALC_SHAREDIR= /usr/share/calc
-#
-#BINDIR= /usr/local/bin
-#BINDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/bin
-BINDIR= /usr/bin
 
-#LIBDIR= /usr/local/lib
-#LIBDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/lib
-LIBDIR= /usr/lib
 
-#CALC_SHAREDIR= /usr/local/lib/calc
+#######################################################
-#CALC_SHAREDIR= /dev/env/DJDIR/share/calc
+# Calc configuration and compile configuration values #
-CALC_SHAREDIR= /usr/share/calc
+#######################################################
+include ${CONFIG_MKF}
 
-# By default, these values are based CALC_SHAREDIR, INCDIR, BINDIR
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------
-# ${HELPDIR}		where the help directory is installed
-# ${CALC_INCDIR}	where the calc include files are installed
-# ${SCRIPTDIR}		where calc shell scripts are installed
-#
-# NOTE: The install rule prepends installation paths with ${T}, which
-#	by default is empty.  If ${T} is non-empty, then installation
-#	locations will be relative to the ${T} directory.
-#
-# If in doubt, set:
-#
-#	HELPDIR= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/help
-#	CALC_INCDIR= ${INCDIR}/calc
-#	SCRIPTDIR= ${BINDIR}/cscript
-#
-HELPDIR= ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/help
-CALC_INCDIR= ${INCDIR}/calc
-SCRIPTDIR= ${BINDIR}/cscript
 
-# T - top level directory under which calc will be installed
+###############################
-#
+# host target section include #
-# The calc install is performed under ${T}, the calc build is
+###############################
-# performed under /.	The purpose for ${T} is to allow someone
+include ${TARGET_MKF}
-# to install calc somewhere other than into the system area.
+
-#
+
-# For example, if:
+##########################################################################
-#
+#=-=-=-=-=- Be careful if you change something below this line -=-=-=-=-=#
-#     BINDIR= /usr/bin
+##########################################################################
-#     LIBDIR= /usr/lib
+
-#     CALC_SHAREDIR= /usr/share/calc
-#
-# and if:
-#
-#     T= /var/tmp/testing
-#
-# Then the installation locations will be:
-#
-#     calc binary files:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/bin
-#     calc link library:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/lib
-#     calc help, .cal ...:	/var/tmp/testing/usr/share/calc
-#     ... etc ...		/var/tmp/testing/...
-#
-# If ${T} is empty, calc is installed under /, which is the same
-# top of tree for which it was built.  If ${T} is non-empty, then
-# calc is installed under ${T}, as if one had to chroot under
-# ${T} for calc to operate.
-#
-# If in doubt, use T=
-#
-T=
 
 # Makefile debug
 #
-# Q=@	do not echo internal makefile actions (quiet mode)
+# Q=@	do not echo internal Makefile actions (quiet mode)
-# Q=	echo internal makefile actions (debug / verbose mode)
+# Q=	echo internal Makefile actions (debug / verbose mode)
+#
+# H=@:	do not report hsrc file formation progress
+# H=@	do echo hsrc file formation progress
+#
+# S= >/dev/null 2>&1	silence ${CC} output during hsrc file formation
+# S=			full ${CC} output during hsrc file formation
+#
+# E= 2>/dev/null	silence command stderr during hsrc file formation
+# E=			full command stderr during hsrc file formation
+#
+# V=@:	do not echo debug statements (quiet mode)
+# V=@	do echo debug statements (debug / verbose mode)
 #
 #Q=
 Q=@
-
-# standard tools
 #
-CHMOD= chmod
+S= >/dev/null 2>&1
-CMP= cmp
+#S=
-RM= rm
+#
-MKDIR= mkdir
+E= 2>/dev/null
-RMDIR= rmdir
+#E=
-CP= cp
+#
-MV= mv
+#H=@:
-CO= co
+H=@
-TRUE= true
+#
-TOUCH= touch
+V=@:
-SED= sed
+#V=@
-SORT= sort
-FMT= fmt
 
 # The calc files to install
 #
-# This list is prodiced by the detaillist rule when no WARNINGS are detected.
+# This list is produced by the detaillist rule when no WARNINGS are detected.
 #
 # Please use:
 #
 #	make calc_files_list
 #
-# to keep this list in nice sorted order and to check that these
+# to keep this list in nice sorted order.
-# deailed help files are under RCS control.
 #
 CALC_FILES= README alg_config.cal beer.cal bernoulli.cal \
 	bernpoly.cal bigprime.cal bindings brentsolve.cal chi.cal chrem.cal \
-	constants.cal deg.cal dms.cal dotest.cal ellip.cal factorial.cal \
+	comma.cal constants.cal deg.cal dms.cal dotest.cal ellip.cal \
-	factorial2.cal gvec.cal hello.cal hms.cal infinities.cal \
+	factorial.cal factorial2.cal fnv_tool.cal gvec.cal hello.cal hms.cal \
-	intfile.cal intnum.cal lambertw.cal linear.cal lnseries.cal \
+	infinities.cal intfile.cal intnum.cal lambertw.cal linear.cal \
-	lucas.cal lucas_chk.cal mersenne.cal mfactor.cal \
+	lnseries.cal lucas.cal lucas_chk.cal mersenne.cal mfactor.cal mod.cal \
-	mod.cal natnumset.cal pell.cal pi.cal pix.cal pollard.cal poly.cal \
+	natnumset.cal palindrome.cal pell.cal pi.cal pix.cal pollard.cal \
-	prompt.cal psqrt.cal qtime.cal quat.cal randbitrun.cal randmprime.cal \
+	poly.cal prompt.cal psqrt.cal qtime.cal quat.cal randbitrun.cal \
-	randombitrun.cal randomrun.cal randrun.cal regress.cal repeat.cal \
+	randmprime.cal randombitrun.cal randomrun.cal randrun.cal regress.cal \
-	screen.cal seedrandom.cal set8700.cal set8700.line smallfactors.cal \
+	repeat.cal screen.cal seedrandom.cal set8700.cal set8700.line \
-	solve.cal specialfunctions.cal statistics.cal strings.cal sumsq.cal \
+	smallfactors.cal solve.cal specialfunctions.cal splitbits.cal \
-	sumtimes.cal surd.cal test1700.cal test2300.cal test2600.cal \
+	statistics.cal strings.cal sumsq.cal sumtimes.cal surd.cal \
-	test2700.cal test3100.cal test3300.cal test3400.cal test3500.cal \
+	test1700.cal test2300.cal test2600.cal test2700.cal test3100.cal \
-	test4000.cal test4100.cal test4600.cal test5100.cal test5200.cal \
+	test3300.cal test3400.cal test3500.cal test4000.cal test4100.cal \
-	test8400.cal test8500.cal test8600.cal test8900.cal toomcook.cal \
+	test4600.cal test5100.cal test5200.cal test8400.cal test8500.cal \
-	unitfrac.cal varargs.cal xx_print.cal zeta2.cal
+	test8600.cal test8900.cal toomcook.cal unitfrac.cal varargs.cal \
+	xx_print.cal zeta2.cal
 
 # These calc files are now obsolete and are removed by the install rule.
 #
@@ -222,15 +153,37 @@ DISTLIST= ${CALC_FILES} ${MAKE_FILE}
 # These files are used to make (but not built) a calc .a link library
 #
 CALCLIBLIST=
+#
+# rules that are not also names of files
+#
+PHONY= all clobber distlist install
+
+
+############################################################
+# Allow Makefile.local to change any of the above settings #
+############################################################
+include ${LOCAL_MKF}
+
+
+###########################################
+# all - First and default Makefile target #
+###########################################
 
 all: ${CALC_FILES} ${MAKE_FILE} .all
 
+
+###############################
+# additional Makefile targets #
+###############################
+
 # used by the upper level Makefile to determine of we have done all
 #
 .all:
 	${RM} -f .all
 	${TOUCH} .all
 
+.PHONY: ${PHONY}
+
 ##
 #
 # File list generation.	 You can ignore this section.
@@ -240,7 +193,7 @@ all: ${CALC_FILES} ${MAKE_FILE} .all
 # sub-directory called calc/cal.
 #
 # NOTE: Due to bogus shells found on one common system we must have
-#	an non-emoty else clause for every if condition.  *sigh*
+#	an non-empty else clause for every if condition.  *sigh*
 #
 ##
 
@@ -265,19 +218,13 @@ calcliblist:
 #
 calc_files_list:
 	${Q} -(find .  -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.cal' -print | \
-	   while read i; do \
+	    while read i; do \
-		if [ X"$$i" != X"/dev/null" ]; then \
+		echo $$i; \
-		    if [ ! -f RCS/$$i,v ]; then \
+	    done; \
-			echo "WARNING: $$i not under RCS control" 1>&2; \
+	    echo '--first_line--'; \
-		    else \
+	    echo README; \
-			echo $$i; \
+	    echo set8700.line; \
-		    fi; \
+	    echo bindings) | \
-		fi; \
-	done; \
-	echo '--first_line--'; \
-	echo README; \
-	echo set8700.line; \
-	echo bindings) | \
 	    ${SED} -e 's:^\./::' | LANG=C ${SORT} | ${FMT} -70 | \
 	    ${SED} -e '1s/--first_line--/CALC_FILES=/' -e '2,$$s/^/	/' \
 		   -e 's/$$/ \\/' -e '$$s/ \\$$//'
@@ -391,11 +338,11 @@ uninstall:
 		continue; \
 	    fi; \
 	    if [ -f "${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i" ]; then \
-	    	${RM} -f "${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i"; \
+		${RM} -f "${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i"; \
 		if [ -f "${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i" ]; then \
 		   echo "cannot uninstall ${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i"; \
 		else \
-		   echo "uninstalled ${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i"; \
+		   echo "un-installed ${T}${CALC_SHAREDIR}/$$i"; \
 		fi; \
 	    fi; \
 	done

cal/README

@@ -38,43 +38,6 @@ Calc resource file files are provided because they serve as examples of
 how use the calc language, and/or because the authors thought them to
 be useful!
 
-If you write something that you think is useful, please join the
-low volume calc mailing list calc-tester.  Then send your contribution
-to the calc-tester mailing list.
-
-To subscribe to the calc-tester mailing list, visit the following URL:
-
-	https://www.listbox.com/subscribe/?list_id=239342
-
-    To help determine you are a human and not just a spam bot,
-    you will be required to provide the following additional info:
-
-	Your Name
-	Calc Version
-	Operating System
-	The date 7 days ago
-
-    This is a low volume moderated mailing list.
-
-    This mailing list replaces calc-tester at asthe dot com list.
-
-    If you need a human to help you with your mailing list subscription,
-    please send EMail to our special:
-
-	calc-tester-maillist-help at asthe dot com
-
-	NOTE: Remove spaces and replace 'at' with @, 'dot' with .
-
-    address.  To be sure we see your EMail asking for help with your
-    mailing list subscription, please use the following phase in your
-    EMail Subject line:
-
-	calc tester mailing list help
-
-    That phrase in your subject line will help ensure your
-    request will get past our anti-spam filters.  You may have
-    additional words in your subject line.
-
 =-=
 
 By convention, a resource file only defines and/or initializes functions,
@@ -223,7 +186,7 @@ bernoulli.cal
     Calculate the nth Bernoulli number.
 
     NOTE: There is now a bernoulli() builtin function.  This file is
-    	  left here for backward compatibility and now simply returns
+	  left here for backward compatibility and now simply returns
 	  the builtin function.
 
 
@@ -250,12 +213,12 @@ brentsolve.cal
 
     brentsolve(low, high,eps)
 
-    A root-finder implementwed with the Brent-Dekker trick.
+    A root-finder implemented with the Brent-Dekker trick.
 
     brentsolve2(low, high,which,eps)
 
     The second function, brentsolve2(low, high,which,eps) has some lines
-    added to make it easier to hardcode the name of the helper function
+    added to make it easier to hard-code the name of the helper function
     different from the obligatory "f".
 
     See:
@@ -300,6 +263,64 @@ chrem.cal
     Chinese remainder theorem/problem solver.
 
 
+comma.cal
+
+    Convert numbers into strings with 3-digit group and integer-fraction
+    separators.
+
+    If the value is an integer, the integer-fraction separator is not used.
+
+    str_comma(x, [group, [decimal]])
+
+	Convert x into a string.
+
+	If group is given and is a string, group will be used as
+	the 3-digit group separator, otherwise the default 3-digit
+	group separator will be used.
+
+	If decimal is given and is a string, group will be used as
+	the integer-fraction separator, otherwise the default
+	integer-fraction separator will be used.
+
+	The decimal and group arguments are optional.
+
+    set_default_group_separator(group)
+
+	Change the default 3-digit group separator if group is a string,
+	otherwise the default 3-digit group separator will not be
+	changed.  Return the old 3-digit group separator.
+
+    set_default_decimal_separator(decimal)
+
+	Change the default 3-digit group separator if decimal is a
+	string, otherwise the default integer-fraction separator
+	will not be changed.  Return the old integer-fraction separator.
+
+    print_comma(x, [group, [decimal]])
+
+	Print the value produced by str_comma(x, [group, [decimal]])
+	followed by a newline.
+
+	If the str_comma() does not return a string, nothing is printed.
+
+	The decimal and group arguments are optional.
+
+	The value produced by str_comma() is returned.
+
+    fprint_comma(fd, x, [group, [decimal]])
+
+	Print the value produced by str_comma(x, [group, [decimal]]),
+	without a trailing newline, on file fd.
+
+	If the str_comma() does not return a string, nothing is printed.
+
+	If fd is not an open file, nothing is printed.
+
+	The decimal and group arguments are optional.
+
+	The value produced by str_comma() is returned.
+
+
 deg.cal
 
     deg(deg, min, sec)
@@ -367,6 +388,13 @@ dotest.cal
 	dotest("set8700.line");
 
 
+ellip.cal
+
+    efactor(iN, ia, B, force)
+
+    Attempt to factor using the elliptic functions: y^2 = x^3 + a*x + b.
+
+
 factorial.cal
 
     factorial(n)
@@ -429,7 +457,7 @@ factorial2.cal
 
     bigcatalan(n)
 
-    Calculates the n-th Catalan number for n large. It is usefull
+    Calculates the n-th Catalan number for n large. It is useful
     above n~50,000 but defaults to the builtin function for smaller
     values.Meant as a complete replacement for catalan(n) with only a
     very small overhead.  See:
@@ -470,9 +498,9 @@ factorial2.cal
                       k = 0
 
     The other function stirling2caching(n,m) does it by way of the
-    reccurence relation and keeps all earlier results. This function
+    re-occurrence relation and keeps all earlier results. This function
     is much slower for computing a single value than stirling2(n,m) but
-    is very usefull if many Stirling numbers are needed, for example in
+    is very useful if many Stirling numbers are needed, for example in
     a series.  See:
 
         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_numbers_of_the_second_kind
@@ -527,12 +555,65 @@ factorial2.cal
     for information on falling factorials.
 
 
-ellip.cal
+fnv_util.cal
 
-    efactor(iN, ia, B, force)
+    Utility tools for FNV hash and "FNV-style" hash operations.
 
-    Attempt to factor using the elliptic functions: y^2 = x^3 + a*x + b.
+    These functions, if given non-standard values, will produce bogus results.
+    In some cases, such as specifying the number of bits in the hash,
+    using a non-power of 2 bit will produce a result that may work,
+    but the hash will be only an "FNV-style" hash and not a true FNV hash.
 
+    find_fnv_prime(bits)
+
+	If bits == null(), this function will attempt to prompt stdin
+	for a value and provide commends on the value of bits.
+
+	given:
+	    bits	number of bits in the hash, null() ==> prompt for value
+
+	returns:
+	    0 ==> no FNV prime found
+	    >0 ==> FNV prime
+
+    deprecated_fnv0(bits, fnv_prime, string)
+
+	If fnv_prime == null(), this function will try to compute the FNV prime
+	for a hash of size bits.
+
+	given:
+	    bits	number of bits in FNV hash
+	    fnv_prime	FNV prime, null() ==> generate suitable FNV prime if possible
+	    string	string to hash
+
+	returns:
+	    FNV-0 hash, for size bytes, of string
+
+	NOTE: This function does NOT attempt to determine that fnv_prime is prime.
+
+    fnv_offset_basis(bits, fnv_prime)
+
+	given:
+	    bits	number of bits in FNV hash
+	    fnv_prime	FNV prime, null() ==> generate suitable FNV prime if possible
+
+	returns:
+	    FNV offset basis for a hash size of bits and an FNV prime of fnv_prime
+
+	NOTE: This function does NOT attempt to determine that fnv_prime is prime.
+
+    fnv1a_style_hash(bits, fnv_prime, prev_hash, string)
+
+	given:
+	    bits	number of bits in FNV hash
+	    fnv_prime	FNV prime, null() ==> generate suitable FNV prime if possible
+	    prev_hash	previous hash value, null() ==> generate FNV offset basis
+	    string	string to hash
+
+	returns:
+	    "FNV-style" hash of bits
+
+	NOTE: This function does NOT attempt to determine that fnv_prime is prime.
 
 gvec.cal
 
@@ -583,7 +664,7 @@ infinities.cal
     pinf()
 
     The symbolic handling of infinities. Needed for intnum.cal but might be
-    usefull elsewhere, too.
+    useful elsewhere, too.
 
 
 intfile.cal
@@ -632,13 +713,13 @@ intnum.cal
     This file offers some methods for numerical integration. Implemented are
     the Gauss-Legendre and the tanh-sinh quadrature.
 
-    All functions are usefull to some extend but the main function for
+    All functions are useful to some extend but the main function for
     quadrature is quad(), which is not much more than an abstraction layer.
 
-    The main workers are quadgl() for Gauss-legendre and quadts() for the
+    The main workers are quadgl() for Gauss-Legendre and quadts() for the
     tanh-sinh quadrature. The limits of the integral can be anything in the
     complex plane and the extended real line. The latter means that infinite
-    limits are supported by way of the smbolic infinities implemented in the
+    limits are supported by way of the symbolic infinities implemented in the
     file infinities.cal (automatically linked in by intnum.cal).
 
     Integration in parts and contour is supported by the "points" argument
@@ -698,7 +779,7 @@ intnum.cal
 
     The quad*core functions do not offer anything fancy but the third parameter
     controls the so called "order" which is just the number of nodes computed.
-    This can be quite usefull in some circumstances.
+    This can be quite useful in some circumstances.
 
         ; quadgldeletenodes()
         ; define f(x){ return exp(x);}
@@ -760,7 +841,7 @@ lambertw.cal
      ProductLog[branch,z] with the tested values.
 
      The series is only valid for the branches 0,-1, real z, converges
-     for values of z _very_ near the branchpoint -exp(-1) only, and must
+     for values of z _very_ near the branch-point -exp(-1) only, and must
      be given the branches explicitly.  See the code in lambertw.cal
      for further information.
 
@@ -783,7 +864,7 @@ lnseries.cal
     does so by computing the prime factorization of all of the number
     sequence 1,2,3...n, calculates the natural logarithms of the primes
     in 1,2,3...n and uses the above factorization to build the natural
-    logarithms of the rest of the sequence by sadding the logarithms of
+    logarithms of the rest of the sequence by adding the logarithms of
     the primes in the factorization.  This is faster for high precision
     of the logarithms and/or long sequences.
 
@@ -804,7 +885,7 @@ lucas.cal
     prove that h*2^n-1 is prime or not prime.
 
     NOTE: Some call this term u(0).  The function gen_u0(h, n, v1)
-    	  simply calls gen_u2(h, n, v1) for such people.  :-)
+	  simply calls gen_u2(h, n, v1) for such people.  :-)
 
     gen_v1(h, v)
 
@@ -843,7 +924,7 @@ mfactor.cal
     at 2*start_k*n+1.  Skips values that are multiples of primes <= p_elim.
     By default, start_k == 1, rept_loop = 10000 and p_elim = 17.
 
-    The p_elim == 17 overhead takes ~3 minutes on an 200 Mhz r4k CPU and
+    The p_elim == 17 overhead takes ~3 minutes on an 200 MHz r4k CPU and
     requires about ~13 Megs of memory.	The p_elim == 13 overhead
     takes about 3 seconds and requires ~1.5 Megs of memory.
 
@@ -916,6 +997,38 @@ natnumset.cal
     user-specified bound.
 
 
+palindrome.cal
+
+    digitof(val,place)
+    copalplace(d,place)
+    upperhalf(val)
+    mkpal(val)
+    mkpalmiddigit(val,digit)
+    ispal(val)
+    nextpal(val)
+    prevpal(val)
+    nextprimepal(val)
+    prevprimepal(val)
+
+    Functions to form and manipulate palindromes in base 10.
+
+    Important functions are:
+
+	Find the next / previous palindrome:
+
+	    nextpal(val)
+	    prevpal(val)
+
+	Test if a value is a palindrome:
+
+	    ispal(val)
+
+	Find the next / previous palindrome that is a (highly probable) prime:
+
+	    nextprimepal(val)
+	    prevprimepal(val)
+
+
 pell.cal
 
     pellx(D)
@@ -937,7 +1050,7 @@ pi.cal
     as your free memory space and system up time allows.
 
     The piforever() function (written by Klaus Alexander Seistrup
-    <klaus@seistrup.dk>) was inspired by an algorithm conceived by
+    <klaus at seistrup dot dk>) was inspired by an algorithm conceived by
     Lambert Meertens.  See also the ABC Programmer's Handbook, by Geurts,
     Meertens & Pemberton, published by Prentice-Hall (UK) Ltd., 1990.
 
@@ -1354,7 +1467,7 @@ specialfunctions.cal
 	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamma
         http://dlmf.nist.gov/5
 
-    for information on the n-th derivative ofthe Euler gamma function. This
+    for information on the n-th derivative of the Euler gamma function. This
     function depends on the script zeta2.cal.
 
 
@@ -1371,7 +1484,7 @@ specialfunctions.cal
 
     zeta(s)
 
-    Calculates the value of the Rieman Zeta function at s.  See:
+    Calculates the value of the Riemann Zeta function at s.  See:
 
 	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function
         http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2
@@ -1380,6 +1493,60 @@ specialfunctions.cal
     on the script zeta2.cal.
 
 
+splitbits.cal
+
+    splitbits(x, b)
+
+    Given an integer x, split the value into a list of integers,
+    each of which is at most b bits long.
+
+    The value b must be an integer > 0.
+
+    The number of elements in the returned list is:
+
+	ceil((highbit(x) + 1) / b)
+
+    If x == 0, then a list of 1 element containing 0 is returned.
+
+    If x < 0, then the two's compliment of abs(x) is returned.
+    Even though calc represents negative integers as positive values
+    with sign bit, the bits returned by this function are as if
+    the integer converted as if the integer was a two's compliment
+    value.  For example:
+
+	; L = splitbits(-1, 8);
+	; print L[[0]]
+	255
+
+	; L = splitbits(-2, 8);
+	; print L[[0]]
+	254
+
+	; L = splitbits(-3, 8);
+	; print L[[0]]
+	253
+
+    The first element of the list contains the lowest order bits
+    of x.  The last element of the list contains the highest number
+    bits of x.
+
+    For example:
+
+	; x = 2^23209-1
+	; L = splitbits(x, 16);
+	; print size(L), L[[0]]
+
+	; print istype(2, 3i), istype(2, "2"), istype(2, null())
+	0 0 0
+
+	; mat a[2]
+	; b = list(1,2,3)
+	; c = assoc()
+	; obj chongo {was, here} d;
+	; print istype(a,b), istype(b,c), istype(c,d)
+	0 0 0
+
+
 statistics.cal
 
     gammaincoctave(z,a)
@@ -1390,7 +1557,7 @@ statistics.cal
     invbetainc(x,a,b)
 
     Computes the inverse of the regularized beta function. Does so the
-    brute-force way wich makes it a bit slower.
+    brute-force way which makes it a bit slower.
 
     betapdf(x,a,b)
     betacdf(x,a,b)
@@ -1470,9 +1637,9 @@ sumtimes.cal
     Give the user CPU time for various ways of evaluating sums, sums of
     squares, etc, for large lists and matrices.  N is the size of
     the list or matrix to use.  The doalltimes() function will run
-    all fo the sumtimes tests.  For example:
+    all of the sumtimes tests.  For example:
 
-    	doalltimes(1e6);
+	doalltimes(1e6);
 
 
 surd.cal
@@ -1816,7 +1983,7 @@ zeta2.cal
     for information on this special zeta function.
 
 
-## Copyright (C) 2000,2014,2017  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 2000,2014,2017,2021  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Primary author: Landon Curt Noll
 ##
@@ -1834,10 +2001,6 @@ zeta2.cal
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.10 $
-## @(#) $Id: README,v 30.10 2017/05/19 16:09:14 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc-RHEL7/cal/RCS/README,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:32
 ## File existed as early as:	before 1990
 ##

cal/alg_config.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * alg_config - help determine optimal values for algorithm levels
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2006,2014  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 2006,2014,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.12 $
- * @(#) $Id: alg_config.cal,v 30.12 2016/02/06 08:38:56 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/alg_config.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2006/06/07 14:10:11
  * File existed as early as:	2006
  *
@@ -37,7 +33,7 @@ static test_time;	/* try for this many seconds in loop test */
  * given:
  *	ratio	the ratio of time between two algorithms
  *
- * retuns:
+ * returns:
  *	1	When ratio is near 1.0
  *	0	otherwise
  *
@@ -358,7 +354,7 @@ define best_mul2()
     local high;		/* high loop value tested */
     local mid;		/* between low and high */
     local best_val;	/* value found with ratio closest to unity */
-    local best_ratio;	/* cloest ratio found to unity */
+    local best_ratio;	/* closest ratio found to unity */
     local expand;	/* how fast to expand the length */
 
     /*
@@ -367,7 +363,7 @@ define best_mul2()
     printf("WARNING: This tool may not be computing the correct best value\n");
     test_time = 5.0;
     printf("The best_mul2() function will take a LONG time to run!\n");
-    printf("It is important that best_mul2() run on an othwewise idle host!\n");
+    printf("It is important that best_mul2() run on an otherwise idle host!\n");
     if (config("user_debug") <= 0) {
 	printf("To monitor progress, set user_debug to 2: "
 	       "config(\"user_debug\", 2)\n");
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ define best_mul2()
      */
     do {
 	/*
-	 * determine the paramters of the next ratio test
+	 * determine the parameters of the next ratio test
 	 *
 	 * We will multiplicatively expand our test level until
 	 * the ratio drops below 1.0.
@@ -423,7 +419,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	    best_val = high;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -446,7 +442,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	    high /= 2;
 	    low = high / 2;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
-		printf("retesting multiply alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n",
+		printf("re-testing multiply alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n",
 		       high);
 	    }
 	    ratio = mul_ratio(high);
@@ -454,7 +450,8 @@ define best_mul2()
 		best_val = high;
 		best_ratio = ratio;
 		if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		    printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		    printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio "
+			   "to unity: %.6f\n",
 			   best_val, best_ratio);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -477,7 +474,7 @@ define best_mul2()
      */
     while (low+1 < high) {
 
-    	/* try the mid-point */
+	/* try the mid-point */
 	mid = int((low+high)/2);
 	if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
 	    printf("testing multiply alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n", mid);
@@ -487,7 +484,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	    best_val = mid;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -500,7 +497,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	    low = mid;
 	    high = mid;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
-	    	printf("\twe are close enough to unity ratio at: %d\n", mid);
+		printf("\twe are close enough to unity ratio at: %d\n", mid);
 	    }
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -508,7 +505,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	/* bump lower range up if we went over */
 	if (ratio > 1.0) {
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 2) {
-	    	printf("\tmove low from %d up to %d\n",
+		printf("\tmove low from %d up to %d\n",
 		    low, mid);
 	    }
 	    low = mid;
@@ -516,7 +513,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	/* drop higher range down if we went under */
 	} else {
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 2) {
-	    	printf("\tmove high from %d down to %d\n",
+		printf("\tmove high from %d down to %d\n",
 		     high, mid);
 	    }
 	    high = mid;
@@ -525,7 +522,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	/* report on test loop progress */
 	if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
 	    printf("\tsetting low: %d high: %d diff: %d\n",
-	    	   low, high, high-low);
+		   low, high, high-low);
 	}
     }
 
@@ -539,7 +536,7 @@ define best_mul2()
 	printf("config(\"mul2\", %d),;\n", best_val);
 	printf("WARNING: It is believed that the output "
 	       "of this resource file is bogus!\n");
-	printf("WARNING: You may NOT wish to follow the above suggeston.\n");
+	printf("WARNING: You may NOT wish to follow the above suggestion.\n");
     }
     return mid;
 }
@@ -839,7 +836,7 @@ define best_sq2()
     local high;		/* high loop value tested */
     local mid;		/* between low and high */
     local best_val;	/* value found with ratio closest to unity */
-    local best_ratio;	/* cloest ratio found to unity */
+    local best_ratio;	/* closest ratio found to unity */
     local expand;	/* how fast to expand the length */
 
     /*
@@ -848,7 +845,7 @@ define best_sq2()
     printf("WARNING: This tool may not be computing the correct best value\n");
     test_time = 5.0;
     printf("The best_sq2() function will take a LONG time to run!\n");
-    printf("It is important that best_sq2() run on an othwewise idle host!\n");
+    printf("It is important that best_sq2() run on an otherwise idle host!\n");
     if (config("user_debug") <= 0) {
 	printf("To monitor progress, set user_debug to 2: "
 	       "config(\"user_debug\", 2)\n");
@@ -877,7 +874,7 @@ define best_sq2()
      */
     do {
 	/*
-	 * determine the paramters of the next ratio test
+	 * determine the parameters of the next ratio test
 	 *
 	 * We will multiplicatively expand our test level until
 	 * the ratio drops below 1.0.
@@ -887,7 +884,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	high *= expand;
 	if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
 	    printf("    expand the next test range by a factor of %d\n",
-	    	   expand);
+		   expand);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -904,7 +901,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	    best_val = high;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -927,7 +924,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	    high /= 2;
 	    low = high / 2;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
-		printf("retesting multiply alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n",
+		printf("re-testing multiply alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n",
 		       high);
 	    }
 	    ratio = mul_ratio(high);
@@ -935,7 +932,8 @@ define best_sq2()
 		best_val = high;
 		best_ratio = ratio;
 		if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		    printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		    printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio "
+			   "to unity: %.6f\n",
 			   best_val, best_ratio);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -958,7 +956,7 @@ define best_sq2()
      */
     while (low+1 < high) {
 
-    	/* try the mid-point */
+	/* try the mid-point */
 	mid = int((low+high)/2);
 	if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
 	    printf("testing square alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n", mid);
@@ -968,7 +966,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	    best_val = mid;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -981,7 +979,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	    low = mid;
 	    high = mid;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
-	    	printf("\twe are close enough to unity ratio at: %d\n", mid);
+		printf("\twe are close enough to unity ratio at: %d\n", mid);
 	    }
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -989,7 +987,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	/* bump lower range up if we went over */
 	if (ratio > 1.0) {
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 2) {
-	    	printf("\tmove low from %d up to %d\n",
+		printf("\tmove low from %d up to %d\n",
 		    low, mid);
 	    }
 	    low = mid;
@@ -997,7 +995,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	/* drop higher range down if we went under */
 	} else {
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 2) {
-	    	printf("\tmove high from %d down to %d\n",
+		printf("\tmove high from %d down to %d\n",
 		     high, mid);
 	    }
 	    high = mid;
@@ -1006,7 +1004,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	/* report on test loop progress */
 	if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
 	    printf("\tsetting low: %d high: %d diff: %d\n",
-	    	   low, high, high-low);
+		   low, high, high-low);
 	}
     }
 
@@ -1021,7 +1019,7 @@ define best_sq2()
 	printf("config(\"sq2\", %d),;\n", best_val);
 	printf("WARNING: It is believed that the output "
 	       "of this resource file is bogus!\n");
-	printf("WARNING: You may NOT wish to follow the above suggeston.\n");
+	printf("WARNING: You may NOT wish to follow the above suggestion.\n");
     }
     return mid;
 }
@@ -1341,7 +1339,7 @@ define best_pow2()
     local high;		/* high loop value tested */
     local mid;		/* between low and high */
     local best_val;	/* value found with ratio closest to unity */
-    local best_ratio;	/* cloest ratio found to unity */
+    local best_ratio;	/* closest ratio found to unity */
     local expand;	/* how fast to expand the length */
     local looped;	/* 1 ==> we have expanded lengths before */
 
@@ -1351,7 +1349,7 @@ define best_pow2()
     printf("WARNING: This tool may not be computing the correct best value\n");
     test_time = 60.0;
     printf("The best_pow2() function will take a LONG time to run!\n");
-    printf("It is important that best_pow2() run on an othwewise idle host!\n");
+    printf("It is important that best_pow2() run on an otherwise idle host!\n");
     if (config("user_debug") <= 0) {
 	printf("To monitor progress, set user_debug to 2: "
 	       "config(\"user_debug\", 2)\n");
@@ -1362,7 +1360,7 @@ define best_pow2()
      * firewall - must have a >1.02 ratio for the initial length
      *
      * We select 1.02 because of the precision of the CPU timing.  We
-     * want to firt move into an area where the 1st algoritm clearly
+     * want to first move into an area where the 1st algorithm clearly
      * dominates.
      */
     low = 4;
@@ -1379,7 +1377,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	    best_val = high;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1387,7 +1385,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	    printf("    pmod alg1/alg2 ratio = %.3f\n", ratio);
 	    if (ratio > 1.0 && ratio <= 1.02) {
 	    printf("    while alg1 is slightly better than alg2, "
-	    	   "it is not clearly better\n");
+		   "it is not clearly better\n");
 	    }
 	}
     } while (ratio <= 1.02);
@@ -1401,7 +1399,7 @@ define best_pow2()
     looped = 0;
     do {
 	/*
-	 * determine the paramters of the next ratio test
+	 * determine the parameters of the next ratio test
 	 *
 	 * We will multiplicatively expand our test level until
 	 * the ratio drops below 1.0.
@@ -1422,7 +1420,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	high *= expand;
 	if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
 	    printf("    expand the next test range by a factor of %d\n",
-	    	   expand);
+		   expand);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1439,7 +1437,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	    best_val = high;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1457,7 +1455,7 @@ define best_pow2()
      */
     while (low+1 < high) {
 
-    	/* try the mid-point */
+	/* try the mid-point */
 	mid = int((low+high)/2);
 	if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
 	    printf("testing pow2 alg1/alg2 ratio for len = %d\n", mid);
@@ -1467,7 +1465,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	    best_val = mid;
 	    best_ratio = ratio;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
-		printf("    len %d has a new cloest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
+		printf("    len %d has a new closest ratio to unity: %.6f\n",
 		       best_val, best_ratio);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1480,7 +1478,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	    low = mid;
 	    high = mid;
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 0) {
-	    	printf("\twe are close enough to unity ratio at: %d\n", mid);
+		printf("\twe are close enough to unity ratio at: %d\n", mid);
 	    }
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -1488,7 +1486,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	/* bump lower range up if we went over */
 	if (ratio > 1.0) {
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 2) {
-	    	printf("\tmove low from %d up to %d\n",
+		printf("\tmove low from %d up to %d\n",
 		    low, mid);
 	    }
 	    low = mid;
@@ -1496,7 +1494,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	/* drop higher range down if we went under */
 	} else {
 	    if (config("user_debug") > 2) {
-	    	printf("\tmove high from %d down to %d\n",
+		printf("\tmove high from %d down to %d\n",
 		     high, mid);
 	    }
 	    high = mid;
@@ -1505,7 +1503,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	/* report on test loop progress */
 	if (config("user_debug") > 1) {
 	    printf("\tsetting low: %d high: %d diff: %d\n",
-	    	   low, high, high-low);
+		   low, high, high-low);
 	}
     }
 
@@ -1520,7 +1518,7 @@ define best_pow2()
 	printf("config(\"pow2\", %d),;\n", best_val);
 	printf("WARNING: It is believed that the output "
 	       "of this resource file is bogus!\n");
-	printf("WARNING: You may NOT wish to follow the above suggeston.\n");
+	printf("WARNING: You may NOT wish to follow the above suggestion.\n");
     }
     return mid;
 }

cal/beer.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: beer.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/beer.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1996/11/13 13:21:05
  * File existed as early as:	1996
  *

cal/bernoulli.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- * bernoulli - clculate the Nth Bernoulli number B(n)
+ * bernoulli - calculate the Nth Bernoulli number B(n)
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2000  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 2000,2021  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: bernoulli.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/bernoulli.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1991/09/30 11:18:41
  * File existed as early as:	1991
  *
@@ -30,9 +26,9 @@
 /*
  * Calculate the Nth Bernoulli number B(n).
  *
- * NOTE: This is now a bulitin function.
+ * NOTE: This is now a builtin function.
  *
- * The non-buildin code used the following symbolic formula to calculate B(n):
+ * The non-builtin code used the following symbolic formula to calculate B(n):
  *
  *	(b+1)^(n+1) - b^(n+1) = 0
  *
@@ -46,7 +42,7 @@
  *	B(3) = -(6*B(2) + 4*B(1) + 1) / 4
  *
  * The combinatorial factors in the expansion of the above formula are
- * calculated interatively, and we use the fact that B(2i+1) = 0 if i > 0.
+ * calculated interactively, and we use the fact that B(2i+1) = 0 if i > 0.
  * Since all previous B(n)'s are needed to calculate a particular B(n), all
  * values obtained are saved in an array for ease in repeated calculations.
  */

cal/bernpoly.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- * bernpoly - Bernoully polynomials B_n(z) for arbitrary n,z..
+ * bernpoly - Bernoulli polynomials B_n(z) for arbitrary n,z..
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: bernpoly.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/bernpoly.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */

cal/bigprime.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: bigprime.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/bigprime.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1991/05/22 21:56:32
  * File existed as early as:	1991
  *

cal/bindings

@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@
 # received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-# @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
-# @(#) $Id: bindings,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
-# @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/bindings,v $
-#
 # Under source code control:	1993/05/02 20:09:19
 # File existed as early as:	1993
 #

cal/brentsolve.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * brentsolve - Root finding with the Brent-Dekker trick
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: brentsolve.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/brentsolve.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */
@@ -147,7 +143,7 @@ define brentsolve2(low, high,which,eps){
 
   switch(param(0)){
     case 0:
-    case 1: return newerror("brentsolve2: not enough argments");
+    case 1: return newerror("brentsolve2: not enough arguments");
     case 2: eps = epsilon(epsilon()*1e-2);
             which = 0;break;
     case 3: eps = epsilon(epsilon()*1e-2);break;

cal/chi.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * chi - chi^2 probabilities with degrees of freedom for null hypothesis
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2001  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 2001,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: chi.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/chi.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2001/03/27 14:10:11
  * File existed as early as:	2001
  *
@@ -44,7 +40,7 @@ define Z(x, eps_term)
 
     /* obtain the error term */
     if (isnull(eps_term)) {
-    	eps = epsilon();
+	eps = epsilon();
     } else {
 	eps = eps_term;
     }
@@ -55,7 +51,7 @@ define Z(x, eps_term)
 
 
 /*
- * P(x[, eps]) asymtotic P(x) expansion for x>0 to an given epsilon error term
+ * P(x[, eps]) asymptotic P(x) expansion for x>0 to an given epsilon error term
  *
  * NOTE: If eps is omitted, the stored epsilon value is used.
  *
@@ -85,7 +81,7 @@ define P(x, eps_term)
 
     /* obtain the error term */
     if (isnull(eps_term)) {
-    	eps = epsilon();
+	eps = epsilon();
     } else {
 	eps = eps_term;
     }
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ define P(x, eps_term)
     }
 
     /*
-     * aproximate sum(n=0; n < infinity){x^(2*n+1)/(1*3*5*...(2*n+1)}
+     * approximate sum(n=0; n < infinity){x^(2*n+1)/(1*3*5*...(2*n+1)}
      */
     x2 = x*x;
     x_term = x;
@@ -134,7 +130,7 @@ define P(x, eps_term)
  *
  *    The chi_prob() function does not work well with odd degrees of freedom.
  *    It is reasonable with even degrees of freedom, although one must give
- *    a sifficently small error term as the degress gets large (>100).
+ *    a sufficiently small error term as the degrees gets large (>100).
  *
  * NOTE: This function does not work well with odd degrees of freedom.
  *	 Can somebody help / find a bug / provide a better method of
@@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ define chi_prob(chi_sq, v, eps_term)
     local r;		/* index in finite sum */
     local r_lim;	/* limit value for r */
     local s;		/* sum */
-    local d;		/* demoninator (2*4*6*... or 1*3*5...) */
+    local d;		/* denominator (2*4*6*... or 1*3*5...) */
     local chi_term;	/* chi_sq^r */
     local ret;		/* return value */
 

cal/chrem.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- * chrem - chinese remainder theorem/problem solver
+ * chrem - Chinese remainder theorem/problem solver
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Ernest Bowen and Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Ernest Bowen and Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Primary author:  Ernest Bowen
  *
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: chrem.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/chrem.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1992/09/26 01:00:47
  * File existed as early as:	1992
  *
@@ -30,7 +26,7 @@
  */
 
 /*
- * When possible, chrem finds solutions for x of a set of congruences
+ * When possible, chrem finds solutions for x of a set of congruence
  * of the form:
  *
  *			x = r1 (mod m1)
@@ -39,7 +35,7 @@
  *
  * where the residues r1, r2, ... and the moduli m1, m2, ... are
  * given integers.  The Chinese remainder theorem states that if
- * m1, m2, ... are relatively prime in pairs, the above congruences
+ * m1, m2, ... are relatively prime in pairs, the above congruence
  * have a unique solution modulo  m1 * m2 * ...	  If m1, m2, ...
  * are not relatively prime in pairs, it is possible that no solution
  * exists.  If solutions exist, the general solution is expressible as:

cal/comma.cal

@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+/*
+ * comma - convert numbers into strings with 3-digit group and integer-fraction separators
+ *
+ * Convert numbers into strings with 3-digit group and integer-fraction separators.
+ *
+ * If the value is an integer, the integer-fraction separator is not used.
+ *
+ * str_comma(x, [group, [decimal]])
+ *
+ *	Convert x into a string.
+ *
+ *	If group is given and is a string, group will be used as
+ *	the 3-digit group separator, otherwise the default 3-digit
+ *	group separator will be used.
+ *
+ *	If decimal is given and is a string, group will be used as
+ *	the integer-fraction separator, otherwise the default
+ *	integer-fraction separator will be used.
+ *
+ *	The decimal and group arguments are optional.
+ *
+ * set_default_group_separator(group)
+ *
+ *	Change the default 3-digit group separator if group is a string,
+ *	otherwise the default 3-digit group separator will not be
+ *	changed.  Return the old 3-digit group separator.
+ *
+ * set_default_decimal_separator(decimal)
+ *
+ *	Change the default 3-digit group separator if decimal is a
+ *	string, otherwise the default integer-fraction separator
+ *	will not be changed.  Return the old integer-fraction separator.
+ *
+ * print_comma(x, [group, [decimal]])
+ *
+ *	Print the value produced by str_comma(x, [group, [decimal]])
+ *	followed by a newline.
+ *
+ *	If the str_comma() does not return a string, nothing is printed.
+ *
+ *	The decimal and group arguments are optional.
+ *
+ *	The value produced by str_comma() is returned.
+ *
+ * fprint_comma(fd, x, [group, [decimal]])
+ *
+ *	Print the value produced by str_comma(x, [group, [decimal]]),
+ *	without a trailing newline, on file fd.
+ *
+ *	If the str_comma() does not return a string, nothing is printed.
+ *
+ *	If fd is not an open file, nothing is printed.
+ *
+ *	The decimal and group arguments are optional.
+ *
+ *	The value produced by str_comma() is returned.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2022  Landon Curt Noll
+ *
+ * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+ * distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+ * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * Under source code control:   2022/06/20 15:51:49
+ * File existed as early as:    2022
+ *
+ * Share and enjoy!  :-)        http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+ */
+
+
+static default_group_separator = ",";	/* default 3-digit group separator */
+static default_decimal_separator = ".";	/* default integer-fraction separator */
+
+
+/*
+ * str_comma - convert number into base 10 string with 3-digit groups and integer-fraction separator
+ *
+ *
+ * This function converts a real number into a base 10 string, where
+ * groups of 3 digits are separated by a 3-digit group separator and
+ * a integer-fraction separator is printed between integer and decimal fraction.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ *	string = str_comma(x);
+ *	string = str_comma(x), " ", ".");
+ *	string = str_comma(x), ".", ",");
+ *
+ * Internally the function calls:
+ *
+ *     strprintf("%f", x);
+ *
+ * and thus the number of decimal fraction digits is subject to
+ * the display() or config("display") value.  See:
+ *
+ *     man display
+ *
+ * for details.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *
+ *	x		number to convert
+ *
+ * optional args:
+ *
+ *	group		use this 3-digit group separator
+ *	decimal		use this integer-fraction separator
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *
+ *	string containing the base 10 digits with group and decimal separators, OR
+ *	null() if x is not a number, OR
+ *	null() if group is neither null() (not given) nor a string, OR
+ *	null() if group is null() (not given) AND default_group_separator is not a string, OR
+ *	null() if decimal is neither null() (not given) nor a string, OR
+ *	null() if decimal is null() (not given) AND default_decimal_separator is not a string.
+ */
+define str_comma(x, group, decimal)
+{
+    local group_separator;	/* 3-digit group separator */
+    local decimal_separator;	/* separator between decimal integer and decimal fraction */
+    local sign_str;		/* leading - if x < 0 or empty if x >= 0 */
+    local integer;		/* integer part of absolute value of x */
+    local int_str;		/* integer as a string */
+    local int_len;		/* number of digits in int_str */
+    local first_group_len;	/* length of 1st group before the 1st 3-digit group separator */
+    local fraction;		/* factional part of absolute value of x */
+    local frac_str;		/* fraction as a string */
+    local frac_len;		/* number of digits in frac_str including leading 0. */
+    local ret;			/* string to return */
+    local config_leadzero;	/* config("leadzero") to restore */
+    local config_tilde;		/* config("tilde") to restore */
+    local i;
+
+    /*
+     * parse args - return null if args are bogus
+     *
+     * Return null() if args or conditions are bogus.
+     */
+    if (!isreal(x)) {
+	return null();
+    }
+    group_separator = isnull(group) ? default_group_separator : group;
+    decimal_separator = isnull(decimal) ? default_decimal_separator : decimal;
+    if (!isstr(group_separator)) {
+	return null();
+    }
+    if (!isstr(decimal_separator)) {
+	return null();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * split number
+     */
+    if (x < 0) {
+	sign_str = "-";
+	integer = int(-x);
+	fraction = frac(-x);
+    } else {
+	sign_str = "";
+	integer = int(x);
+	fraction = frac(x);
+    }
+    ret = sign_str;
+
+    /*
+     * convert digits
+     *
+     * Avoid printing ~ and leading zeros for factional part.
+     */
+    int_str = strprintf("%d", integer);
+    config_leadzero = config("leadzero", 0);
+    config_tilde = config("tilde", 0);
+    frac_str = strprintf("%d", fraction);
+    config("leadzero", config_leadzero),;
+    config("tilde", config_tilde),;
+
+    /*
+     * determine number of digits in the integer part
+     */
+    int_len = strlen(int_str);
+    frac_len = strlen(frac_str);
+
+    /*
+     * form integer part with group separators as needed
+     */
+
+    /*
+     * case: integer is 3 or fewer digits
+     */
+    if (integer < 1000) {
+	ret += int_str;
+
+    /*
+     * case: integer is 4 or more digits
+     */
+    } else {
+
+	/*
+	 * form a decimal string using group separators
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * form the initial leading digits before 1st group separator
+	 */
+	first_group_len = int_len % 3;
+	if (first_group_len == 0) {
+	    first_group_len = 3;
+	}
+	ret += substr(int_str, 1, first_group_len);
+
+	/*
+	 * until end of digits, print group separator followed by 3 more digits
+	 */
+	for (i = first_group_len+1; i < int_len; i += 3) {
+	    ret += group_separator + substr(int_str, i, 3);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * form fractional part using decimal separator as needed
+     */
+
+    /*
+     * case: x is an integer
+     */
+    if (fraction == 0) {
+
+	/* no fraction, nothing more to do */
+
+    /*
+     * case: x is not an integer
+     */
+    } else {
+
+	/*
+	 * add integer-fraction separator
+	 */
+	ret += decimal_separator;
+
+	/*
+	 * add remaining digits
+	 *
+	 * Skip over the leading 0. in frac_str
+	 */
+	ret += substr(frac_str, 2, frac_len-1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * All Done!!! -- Jessica Noll, Age 2
+     */
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * set_default_group_separator - change the default 3-digit group separator
+ *
+ * If group is not a string, then the default 3-digit group separator
+ * is not changed.  Thus, this will only return the default 3-digit group separator:
+ *
+ *	set_default_group_separator(null());
+ *
+ * given:
+ *
+ *	group		3-digit group separator
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *
+ *	previous 3-digit group separator value
+ */
+define set_default_group_separator(group)
+{
+    local old_default_group_separator;		/* previous default 3-digit group separator to return */
+
+    /*
+     * save current 3-digit group separator
+     */
+    old_default_group_separator = default_group_separator;
+
+    /*
+     * change 3-digit group separator if group is a string
+     */
+    if (isstr(group)) {
+	default_group_separator = group;
+    }
+    return old_default_group_separator;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * set_default_decimal_separator - change the default integer-fraction separator
+ *
+ * If decimal is not a string, then the default integer-fraction separator
+ * is not changed.  Thus, this will only return the integer-fraction separator:
+ *
+ *	set_default_decimal_separator(null());
+ *
+ * given:
+ *
+ *	decimal		separator between decimal integer and decimal fraction (def: ".")
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *
+ *	previous integer-fraction separator value
+ */
+define set_default_decimal_separator(decimal)
+{
+    local old_default_decimal_separator;	/* previous default integer-fraction separator */
+
+    /*
+     * save current integer-fraction separator
+     */
+    old_default_decimal_separator = default_decimal_separator;
+
+    /*
+     * change 3-digit decimal integer-fraction if decimal is a string
+     */
+    if (isstr(decimal)) {
+	default_decimal_separator = decimal;
+    }
+    return old_default_decimal_separator;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * print_comma - print base 10 string with 3-digit group separators & integer-fraction separator + newline
+ *
+ * This function prints the result of str_comma(x, group, decimal) followed by a newline.
+ * For example:
+ *
+ *	print_comma(x);
+ *	print_comma(x), " ", ".");
+ *	print_comma(x), ".", ",");
+ *
+ * If str_comma() does not return a string, this function prints nothing.
+ *
+ * NOTE: To print without a newline, use fprint_comma(fd, x, group, decimal).
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	x		number to convert
+ *
+ * optional args:
+ *
+ *	group		use this 3-digit group separator
+ *	decimal		use this integer-fraction separator
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *
+ *	string containing the base 10 digits with group and decimal separators, OR
+ *	null() if x is not a number, OR
+ *	null() if group is neither null() (not given) nor a string, OR
+ *	null() if group is null() (not given) AND default_group_separator is not a string, OR
+ *	null() if decimal is neither null() (not given) nor a string, OR
+ *	null() if decimal is null() (not given) AND default_decimal_separator is not a string.
+ */
+define print_comma(x, group, decimal)
+{
+    local ret;		/* base 10 string with 3-digit group and integer-fraction separators */
+
+    /*
+     * convert to string
+     */
+    ret = str_comma(x, group, decimal);
+
+    /*
+     * print converted string
+     */
+    if (isstr(ret)) {
+	printf("%s\n", ret);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * fprint_comma - print base 10 string with 3-digit group separators & integer-fraction separator w/o newline
+ *
+ * This function prints the result of str_comma(x, group, decimal) on an open file, without a trailing newline.
+ * For example:
+ *
+ *	fprint_comma(files(1), x);
+ *	fprint_comma(fd, x), " ", ".");
+ *	fprint_comma(files(2), x), ".", ",");
+ *
+ * If str_comma() does not return a string, this function prints nothing.
+ *
+ * This function flushes output to the open file before returning.
+ *
+ * NOTE: To print with a newline, use print_comma(x, group, decimal).
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	fd		open file
+ *	x		number to convert
+ *
+ * optional args:
+ *
+ *	group		use this 3-digit group separator
+ *	decimal		use this integer-fraction separator
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *
+ *	string containing the base 10 digits with group and integer-fraction separators, OR
+ *	null() if x is not a number, OR
+ *	null() if group is neither null() (not given) nor a string, OR
+ *	null() if group is null() (not given) AND default_group_separator is not a string, OR
+ *	null() if decimal is neither null() (not given) nor a string, OR
+ *	null() if decimal is null() (not given) AND default_decimal_separator is not a string.
+ */
+define fprint_comma(fd, x, group, decimal)
+{
+    local ret;		/* base 10 string with 3-digit group and integer-fraction separators */
+
+    /*
+     * convert to string
+     */
+    ret = str_comma(x, group, decimal);
+
+    /*
+     * print converted string
+     */
+    if (isstr(ret) && isfile(fd)) {
+	fprintf(fd, "%s", ret);
+	fflush(fd);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}

cal/constants.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: constants.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/constants.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */

cal/deg.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: deg.cal,v 30.2 2010/09/02 06:01:14 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/deg.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:33
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/dms.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * dms - calculate in degrees, minutes, and seconds (based on deg)
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999,2010  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2010,2021  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: dms.cal,v 30.2 2010/09/02 06:14:16 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/dms.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:33
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *
@@ -57,7 +53,7 @@ define dms_add(a, b)
 {
     local obj dms ans;		/* return value */
 
-    /* initalize value to 1st arg */
+    /* initialize value to 1st arg */
     if (istype(a, ans)) {
 	/* 1st arg is dms object, load it */
 	ans.deg = a.deg;
@@ -114,7 +110,7 @@ define dms_sub(a, b)
 {
     local obj dms ans;		/* return value */
 
-    /* initalize value to 1st arg */
+    /* initialize value to 1st arg */
     if (istype(a, ans)) {
 	/* 1st arg is dms object, load it */
 	ans.deg = a.deg;
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ define dms_abs(a)
 
     /* firewall - just absolute value non dms objects */
     if (! istype(a, ans)) {
-    	return abs(a);
+	return abs(a);
     }
 
     /* compute degrees */
@@ -356,24 +352,8 @@ define fixdms(a)
 	quit "attempt to fix a non dms object";
     }
 
-    /* force minutes to be intergral */
+    /* use builtin d2dms function */
-    a.min += frac(a.deg) * 60;
+    d2dms(a.deg + a.min/60 + a.sec/3600, a.deg, a.min, a.sec),;
-    a.deg = int(a.deg);
-
-    /* force degrees to be intergral */
-    a.sec += frac(a.min) * 60;
-    a.min = int(a.min);
-
-    /* carry excess seconds into minutes */
-    a.min += a.sec // 60;
-    a.sec %= 60;
-
-    /* carry excess minutes into degrees */
-    a.deg += a.min // 60;
-    a.min %= 60;
-
-    /* round degrees :-) */
-    a.deg %= 360;
 
     /* return normalized result */
     return a;

cal/dotest.cal

@@ -4,23 +4,37 @@
  * This file was created by Ernest Bowen <ebowen at une dot edu dot au>
  * and modified by Landon Curt Noll.
  *
- * This dotest_code has been placed in the public domain.  Please do not
- * copyright this dotest_code.
- *
- * ERNEST BOWEN AND LANDON CURT NOLL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
- * THIS	 SOFTWARE,  INCLUDING  ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER-
- * CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL	 LANDON	 CURT
- * NOLL	 BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM  LOSS  OF
- * USE,	 DATA  OR  PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
- * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR  IN
- * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: dotest.cal,v 30.2 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/dotest.cal,v $
- *
  * This file is not covered under version 2.1 of the GNU LGPL.
+ * This file is covered under "The unlicense":
+ *
+ *	https://unlicense.org
+ *
+ * In particular:
+ *
+ * This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+ *
+ * Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+ * distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+ * binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+ * means.
+ *
+ * In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+ * of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+ * software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+ * of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+ * successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+ * relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+ * software under copyright law.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+ * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+ * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
  *
  * Under source dotest_code control:	2006/03/08 05:54:09
  * File existed as early as:	2006
@@ -161,7 +175,7 @@ define dotest(dotest_file, dotest_code = 0, dotest_maxcond = -1)
      * test the close of the line file
      */
     printf("%d-: detected %d error condition(s), many of which may be OK\n",
-    	   dotest_code, dotest_old_errcount-dotest_errcnt);
+	   dotest_code, dotest_old_errcount-dotest_errcnt);
     printf("%d-: closing line file: %d\n", dotest_code, dotest_file);
     fclose(dotest_f_file);
 
@@ -177,7 +191,7 @@ define dotest(dotest_file, dotest_code = 0, dotest_maxcond = -1)
     }
 
     /*
-     * preppare to return to the caller environment
+     * prepare to return to the caller environment
      *
      * We increase the caller's error count by the number
      * of line tests that failed, not the number of internal

cal/ellip.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: ellip.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/ellip.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:33
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/factorial.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: factorial.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/factorial.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */

cal/factorial2.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * factorial2 - implementation of different factorial related functions
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: factorial2.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/factorial2.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */
@@ -60,7 +56,7 @@ define __CZ__factor_factorial(n,start){
   if(start){
     if(!isint(start) && start < 0 && start > n)
       return newerror("__CZ__factor_factorial(n,start): value of "
-      		      "parameter 'start' out of range");
+		      "parameter 'start' out of range");
     if(start == n && isprime(n)){
       prime_list = mat[1 , 2];
       prime_list[0,0] = n;
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ define __CZ__factor_factorial(n,start){
     }
     else if(!isprime(start) && nextprime(start) >n)
       return newerror("__CZ__factor_factorial(n,start): value of parameter "
-      		      "'start' out of range");
+		      "'start' out of range");
     else{
       if(!isprime(start))  prime = nextprime(start);
       else prime = start;
@@ -229,11 +225,11 @@ define __CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix,stop){
 
   if(!ismat(matrix))
    return newerror("__CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix): "
-   		   "argument matrix not a matrix ");
+		   "argument matrix not a matrix ");
   if(!matrix[0,0])
     return
       newerror("__CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix): "
-      	       "matrix[0,0] is null/0");
+	       "matrix[0,0] is null/0");
 
   if(!isnull(stop))
     pix = stop;
@@ -285,10 +281,10 @@ define __CZ__multiply_factored_factorial(matrix,stop){
 }
 
 /*
-    Compute binomial coeficients n!/(k!(n-k)!)
+    Compute binomial coefficients n!/(k!(n-k)!)
 
     One of the rare cases where a formula once meant to ease manual computation
-    is actually the (aymptotically) fastest way to do it (in July 2013) for
+    is actually the (asymptotically) fastest way to do it (in July 2013) for
     the extreme case binomial(2N,N) but for a high price, the memory
     needed is pi(N)--theoretically.
 */
@@ -380,7 +376,7 @@ define bigcatalan(n){
 
 /*
   df(-111) = -1/3472059605858239446587523014902616804783337112829102414124928
-  		7753332469144201839599609375
+		7753332469144201839599609375
 
  df(-3+1i) = 0.12532538977287649201-0.0502372106177184607i
  df(2n + 1) = (2*n)!/(n!*2^n)
@@ -431,7 +427,7 @@ define doublefactorial(n){
         */
        eps=epsilon(epsilon()*1e-2);
        ret =  2^(n/2-1/4 * cos(pi()* n)+1/4) * pi()^(1/4 *
-       	      cos(pi()* n)-1/4)* gamma(n/2+1);
+	      cos(pi()* n)-1/4)* gamma(n/2+1);
        epsilon(eps);
        return ret;
     }
@@ -630,7 +626,7 @@ define subfactorialrecursive(n){
   return n * subfactorialrecursive(n-1) + (-1)^n;
 }
 
-/* This is, quite amusingely, faster than the very same algorithm in
+/* This is, quite amusingly, faster than the very same algorithm in
    PARI/GP + GMP*/
 define subfactorialiterative(n){
   local k temp1 temp2 ret;

cal/fnv_tool.cal

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+/*
+ * fnv_util - utility tools for FNV hash and "FNV-style" hash operations
+ *
+ * This file provides the following functions:
+ *
+ *	find_fnv_prime(bits)
+ *	deprecated_fnv0(bits, fnv_prime, string)
+ *	fnv_offset_basis(bits, fnv_prime)
+ *	fnv1a_style_hash(bits, fnv_prime, prev_hash, string)
+ *
+ * See the individual function for details on args and return value.
+ *
+ * If no args are given to find_fnv_prime() and stdin is associated
+ * with a tty (i.e., an interactive terminal), then bits will be
+ * prompted for and commentary will be printed to stdout as well.
+ *
+ * If fnv_prime == null(), then an attempt to compute the FNV prime
+ * for a hash if size bits is attempted..
+ *
+ * If prev_hash == null(), then the FNV offset basis for
+ * for a hash if size bits is computed.
+ *
+ * For more information on the FNV hash see:
+ *
+ *	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler-Noll-Vo_hash_function
+ *	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT NOTE:
+ *
+ * These functions, if given non-standard values, will produce bogus results.
+ * In some cases, such as specifying the number of bits in the hash,
+ * using a non-power of 2 bit will produce a result that may work,
+ * but the hash will be only an "FNV-style" hash and not a true FNV hash.
+ *
+ * We say "FNV-style" because the result hash is not a "true FNV-like" hash.
+ *
+ * Let integer n > 0 be the number if bits in the FNV hash.  Then:
+ *
+ *	t = floor((5+n)/12)
+ *
+ * The FNV prime, for the given n bits is the smallest prime of the form:
+ *
+ *	p = 256^t + 2^8 + b
+ *
+ * such that:
+ *
+ *	0 < b < 2^8
+ *	The number of one-bits in b must be 4 or 5
+ *	p mod (2^40 - 2^24 - 1) > (2^24 + 2^8 + 2^7)
+ *
+ * If you force n to not be a power of 2, for example:
+ *
+ *	n = 44
+ *
+ * you will find that the FNV prime for 44 bits is:
+ *
+ *	p44 = 4294967597
+ *	    = 0x10000012d
+ *	    = 0b100000000000000000000000100101101
+ *	    = 2^32 + 301 = 2^32 + 2^8 + 2^5 + 2^3 + 2^2 + 2^0
+ *
+ * However a hash size of 44 bits is not a true FNV hash, it is only a "FNV-style" hash.
+ *
+ * NOTE: We disallow n <= 31 because there are no FNV primes that small.
+ *
+ * NOTE: For n that is a power of 2 and n > 1024, you will find that
+ *	 that FNV primes become so rare that that one may not find a suitable
+ *	 FNV prime.  For n = powers of 2 >= 2048 and <= 1048576,
+ *	 there is NO FNV primes.
+ *
+ *	 As for as hashing goes, large values of n, even if an
+ *	 FNV hash may be found, are unlikely to be truly useful.  :-)
+ */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 by Landon Curt Noll.  All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
+ * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+ * provided that the above copyright, this permission notice and text
+ * this comment, and the disclaimer below appear in all of the following:
+ *
+ *       supporting documentation
+ *       source copies
+ *       source works derived from this source
+ *       binaries derived from this source or from derived source
+ *
+ * LANDON CURT NOLL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
+ * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO
+ * EVENT SHALL LANDON CURT NOLL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+ * OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+ * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * chongo (Landon Curt Noll, http://www.isthe.com/chongo/index.html) /\oo/\
+ *
+ * Share and enjoy! :-)
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * find_fnv_prime - try to find a FNV prime given the number of bits
+ *
+ * If bits == null(), this function will attempt to prompt stdin
+ * for a value and provide commends on the value of bits.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	bits	number of bits in the hash, null() ==> prompt for value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	0 ==> no FNV prime found
+ *	>0 ==> FNV prime
+ */
+define find_fnv_prime(bits)
+{
+    local b;		/* lower octet of the potential FNV prime: [1,255] */
+    local p;		/* value to test as an FNV prime */
+    local t;		/* power of 256 part of the FNV prime */
+    local one_bits;	/* number of 1 bits in b */
+    local p_minus_b;	/* potential FNV prime less b */
+    local interactive;	/* true ==> interactive mode and print commentary */
+
+    /*
+     * case: no arg, prompt for bits and print commentary
+     */
+    interactive = 0;	/* assume non-interactive mode */
+    if (isnull(bits)) {
+
+	/*
+	 * must be attached to an interactive terminal
+	 */
+	if (!isatty(files(0))) {
+	    print "# FATAL: stdin is not a tty: not attached to an interactive terminal";
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	interactive = 1;	/* set interactive mode */
+
+	/*
+	 * prompt for the number of bits
+	 */
+	do {
+	    local strscanf_ret;		/* return from strscanf_ret */
+	    local input;		/* value read after prompt */
+
+	    /*
+	     * prompt and obtain the input
+	     */
+	    input = prompt("Enter hash size in bits: ");
+	    strscanf_ret = strscanf(input, "%i", bits);
+	    print "input =", input;
+	    print "bits =", bits;
+	    if (!isint(bits) || bits <= 0) {
+		print;
+		print "# NOTE: must enter a integer > 0, try again";
+		print;
+	    }
+	} while (!isint(bits) || bits <= 0);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * firewall - bits must be non-negative integer
+     */
+    if (!isint(bits) || bits < 0) {
+	if (interactive) {
+	    print "# FATAL: bits must be non-negative integer";
+	}
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * provide commentary on the choice of bits if we are interactive
+     */
+    if (interactive) {
+	if (popcnt(bits) == 1) {
+	    if (bits > 1024) {
+		print "# WARNING: FNV primes for bit size powers of 2  > 1024 are extremely rare.";
+		print "# WARNING: There are no FNV primes for bit size powers of 2 >= 2048 and <= 1048576.";
+	    }
+	    print "n =", bits;
+	} else {
+	    if (bits < 32) {
+		print "# WARNING: bits < 32 is not recommended because there isn't enough bits to be worth hashing";
+	    }
+	    print "# WARNING: because bits is not a power of 2, we can only form an \"FNV-style hash\": not a true FNV hash.";
+	    print "# WARNING: A \"FNV-style hash\" may not have the desired hash properties of a true FNV hash.";
+	    print "n =", bits;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * search setup
+     */
+    t = floor((5+bits)/12);
+    p_minus_b = 256^t + 2^8;
+
+    /*
+     * search for a b that forms a suitable FNV prime
+     */
+    for (b=1; b < 256; ++b) {
+
+	/*
+	 * reject b unless the of one-bits in bottom octet of p is 4 or 5
+	 */
+	one_bits = popcnt(b);
+	if (one_bits != 4 && one_bits != 5) {
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * reject p if p mod (2^40 - 2^24 - 1) <= (2^24 + 2^8 + 2^7)
+	 */
+	p = p_minus_b + b;
+	if ((p % (2^40 - 2^24 - 1)) <= (2^24 + 2^8 + 2^7)) {
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * accept potential p value that is prime
+	 */
+	if (ptest(p) == 1) {
+	    return p;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * case: did not find an FNV prime
+     */
+    if (b >= 256) {
+
+	/*
+	 * examine results if interactive
+	 */
+	if (interactive) {
+	    print "# FATAL: There is no a suitable FNV prime for bits =", bits;
+	    quit "find_fnv_prime: FATAL: FNV prime search failed";
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * return 0 to indicate no FNV prime found
+	 */
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * provide FNV commentary if interactive
+     */
+    if (interactive) {
+	print "t =", t;
+	print "b =", b;
+	print "# NOTE: p = 256^":t, "+ 2^8 +", b;
+	print;
+	print "p =", p;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return FNV prime
+     */
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * deprecated_fnv0 - FNV-0 hash that should only be used to generate an FNV offset basis
+ *
+ * If fnv_prime == null(), this function will try to compute the FNV prime
+ * for a hash of size bits.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	bits		number of bits in FNV hash
+ *	fnv_prime	FNV prime, null() ==> generate suitable FNV prime if possible
+ *	string		string to hash
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	FNV-0 hash, for size bytes, of string
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function does NOT attempt to determine that fnv_prime is prime.
+ */
+define deprecated_fnv0(bits, fnv_prime, string)
+{
+    local hash;		/* FNV hash value */
+    local len;		/* length of string */
+    local base;		/* base of FNV hash: 2^bits */
+    local i;
+
+    /*
+     * firewall
+     */
+    if (!isint(bits) || bits <= 0) {
+	quit "deprecated_fnv0: FATAL: bits arg must be an integer > 0";
+    }
+    if (!isstr(string)) {
+	quit "deprecated_fnv0: FATAL: string arg must be a string";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * fnv_prime == null() means to try and generate the FNV prime
+     */
+    if (isnull(fnv_prime)) {
+	/* try to generate an FNV prime */
+	fnv_prime = find_fnv_prime(bits);
+	if (fnv_prime == 0) {
+	    quit "deprecated_fnv0: FATAL: no FNV prime exists for the given hash size in bits";
+	}
+    }
+    if (!isint(fnv_prime) || fnv_prime <= 0) {
+	quit "deprecated_fnv0: FATAL: fnv_prime arg must be an integer > 0 and should be prime";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * FNV-0 hash each character
+     */
+    len = strlen(string);
+    base = 2^bits;
+    hash = 0;
+    for (i=0; i < len; ++i) {
+	hash = xor((hash * fnv_prime) % base, ord(string[i]));
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * fnv_offset_basis - generate and FNV offset basis
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	bits		number of bits in FNV hash
+ *	fnv_prime	FNV prime, null() ==> generate suitable FNV prime if possible
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	FNV offset basis for a hash size of bits and an FNV prime of fnv_prime
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function does NOT attempt to determine that fnv_prime is prime.
+ */
+define
+fnv_offset_basis(bits, fnv_prime)
+{
+    local fnv0_hash = 0;	/* FNV-0 hash value */
+
+    /* string to generate a FNV offset basis - do not change this value */
+    static chongo_was_here = "chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\\../\\";
+
+    /*
+     * firewall
+     */
+    if (!isint(bits) || bits <= 0) {
+	quit "fnv_offset_basis: FATAL: bits arg must be an integer > 0";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * fnv_prime == null() means to try and generate the FNV prime
+     */
+    if (isnull(fnv_prime)) {
+	/* try to generate an FNV prime */
+	fnv_prime = find_fnv_prime(bits);
+	if (fnv_prime == 0) {
+	    quit "fnv_offset_basis: FATAL: no FNV prime exists for the given hash size in bits";
+	}
+    }
+    if (!isint(fnv_prime) || fnv_prime <= 0) {
+	quit "fnv_offset_basis: FATAL: fnv_prime arg must be an integer > 0 and should be prime";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return the FNV-0 hash of fnv_offset_basis as the FNV offset basis
+     */
+    fnv0_hash = deprecated_fnv0(bits, fnv_prime, chongo_was_here);
+    return fnv0_hash;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * fnv_style_hash - compute an "FNV-1a-style" hash
+ *
+ * These functions, if given non-standard values, will produce bogus results.
+ * To produce a true FNV-1a hash:
+ *
+ *	bits must be a power of 2
+ *	32 <= bits
+ *	fnv_prime == find_fnv_prime(bits) OR fnv_prime == null()
+ *	prev_hash == previous FNV hash OR prev_hash == null()
+ *
+ * If fnv_prime == null(), this function will try to compute the FNV prime
+ * for a hash of size bits.
+ *
+ * If prev_hash == null(), this function will try to compute the FNV offset basis
+ * for a hash of size bits.
+ *
+ * One may chain "FNV-style" hashes by replacing the offset_basis with
+ * the hash state of the previous hash.  For the first hash:
+ *
+ *	fnv_prime = find_fnv_prime(bits)
+ *	hash_val = fnv_style_hash(bits, fnv_prime, null(), string_a);
+ *
+ * then:
+ *
+ *	hash_val = fnv_style_hash(bits, fnv_prime, hash_val, string_b);
+ *
+ * This will produce the same as the string_a concatenated with string_b:
+ *
+ *	hash_val = fnv_style_hash(bits, null(), null(), string_a + string_b);
+ *
+ * NOTE: Because string_a and string_b are strings, the expression:
+ *
+ *	    string_a + string_b
+ *
+ *	is string_a concatenated with string_b.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	bits		number of bits in FNV hash
+ *	fnv_prime	FNV prime, null() ==> generate suitable FNV prime if possible
+ *	prev_hash	previous hash value, null() ==> generate FNV offset basis
+ *	string		string to hash
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	"FNV-style" hash of bits
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function does NOT attempt to determine that fnv_prime is prime.
+ */
+define
+fnv1a_style_hash(bits, fnv_prime, prev_hash, string)
+{
+    local hash = 0;	/* FNV hash value */
+    local len;		/* length of string */
+    local base;		/* base of FNV hash: 2^bits */
+    local i;
+
+    /*
+     * firewall
+     */
+    if (!isint(bits) || bits <= 0) {
+	quit "fnv1a_style_hash: FATAL: bits arg must be an integer > 0";
+    }
+    if (!isstr(string)) {
+	quit "fnv1a_style_hash: FATAL: string arg must be a string";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * fnv_prime == null() means to try and generate the FNV prime
+     */
+    if (isnull(fnv_prime)) {
+	/* try to generate an FNV prime */
+	fnv_prime = find_fnv_prime(bits);
+	if (fnv_prime == 0) {
+	    quit "fnv1a_style_hash: FATAL: no FNV prime exists for the given hash size in bits";
+	}
+    }
+    if (!isint(fnv_prime) || fnv_prime <= 0) {
+	quit "fnv1a_style_hash: FATAL: fnv_prime arg must be an integer > 0 and should be prime";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * prev_hash == null() means to generate the FNV offset basis
+     */
+    if (isnull(prev_hash)) {
+
+	/* generate the FNV offset basis for a hash of size bits */
+	prev_hash = fnv_offset_basis(bits, fnv_prime);
+    }
+    if (!isint(prev_hash) || prev_hash < 0) {
+	quit "fnv1a_style_hash: FATAL: prev_hash arg must be an integer => 0";
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * FNV-1a hash each character
+     */
+    len = strlen(string);
+    base = 2^bits;
+    hash = prev_hash;
+    for (i=0; i < len; ++i) {
+	hash = xor((hash * fnv_prime) % base, ord(string[i]));
+    }
+    return hash;
+}

cal/gvec.cal

@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@
  * operation "function" must be first; calc doesn't care how many more
  * arguments there actually are.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
- * @(#) $Id: gvec.cal,v 30.3 2011/05/23 23:00:55 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/gvec.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:   2011/03/31 17:54:55
  * File existed as early as:    2010
  *

cal/hello.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: hello.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/hello.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1996/11/13 13:25:43
  * File existed as early as:	1996
  *

cal/hms.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * hms - calculate in hours, minutes, and seconds
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2010  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 2010,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: hms.cal,v 30.2 2010/09/02 06:14:16 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/hms.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2010/09/01 17:14:55
  * File existed as early as:	2010
  *
@@ -57,7 +53,7 @@ define hms_add(a, b)
 {
     local obj hms ans;		/* return value */
 
-    /* initalize value to 1st arg */
+    /* initialize value to 1st arg */
     if (istype(a, ans)) {
 	/* 1st arg is hms object, load it */
 	ans.hour = a.hour;
@@ -114,7 +110,7 @@ define hms_sub(a, b)
 {
     local obj hms ans;		/* return value */
 
-    /* initalize value to 1st arg */
+    /* initialize value to 1st arg */
     if (istype(a, ans)) {
 	/* 1st arg is hms object, load it */
 	ans.hour = a.hour;
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ define hms_abs(a)
 
     /* firewall - just absolute value non hms objects */
     if (! istype(a, ans)) {
-    	return abs(a);
+	return abs(a);
     }
 
     /* compute hours */
@@ -356,24 +352,8 @@ define fixhms(a)
 	quit "attempt to fix a non hms object";
     }
 
-    /* force minutes to be intergral */
+    /* use builtin h2hms function */
-    a.min += frac(a.hour) * 60;
+    h2hms(a.hour + a.min/60 + a.sec/3600, a.hour, a.min, a.sec),;
-    a.hour = int(a.hour);
-
-    /* force hours to be intergral */
-    a.sec += frac(a.min) * 60;
-    a.min = int(a.min);
-
-    /* carry excess seconds into minutes */
-    a.min += a.sec // 60;
-    a.sec %= 60;
-
-    /* carry excess minutes into hours */
-    a.hour += a.min // 60;
-    a.min %= 60;
-
-    /* round hours by day */
-    a.hour %= 24;
 
     /* return normalized result */
     return a;

cal/intfile.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * intfile - integer to file and file to integer conversion
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2001  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 2001,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: intfile.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/intfile.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:   2001/03/31 08:13:11
  * File existed as early as:    2001
  *
@@ -31,20 +27,20 @@
 
 /*
  * NOTE: Because leading HALF values are trimmed from integer, a file
- *	 that begins with lots of 0 bits (in the case of big endian)
+ *	 that begins with lots of 0 bits (in the case of big Endian)
- *	 or that ends with lots of 0 bits (in the case of little endian)
+ *	 or that ends with lots of 0 bits (in the case of little Endian)
  *	 will be changed when the subsequent integer is written back.
  */
 
 
 /*
- * file2be - convert a file into an big endian integer
+ * file2be - convert a file into an big Endian integer
  *
  * given:
  *	filename	filename to read
  *
  * returns:
- *	integer read from its contents on big endian order
+ *	integer read from its contents on big Endian order
  */
 define file2be(filename)
 {
@@ -79,13 +75,13 @@ define file2be(filename)
 
 
 /*
- * file2le - convert a file into an little endian integer
+ * file2le - convert a file into an little Endian integer
  *
  * given:
  *	filename	filename to read
  *
  * returns:
- *	integer read from its contents on little endian order
+ *	integer read from its contents on little Endian order
  */
 define file2le(filename)
 {
@@ -122,7 +118,7 @@ define file2le(filename)
 
 
 /*
- * be2file - convert a big endian integer into a file
+ * be2file - convert a big Endian integer into a file
  *
  * given:
  *	v		integer to write to the file
@@ -160,7 +156,7 @@ define be2file(v, filename)
      */
     octlen = int((highbit(v)+8) / 8);
     for (i=octlen-1; i >= 0; --i) {
-    	fputc(fd, char(v >> (i*8)));
+	fputc(fd, char(v >> (i*8)));
     }
 
     /*
@@ -172,7 +168,7 @@ define be2file(v, filename)
 
 
 /*
- * le2file - convert a little endian integer into a file
+ * le2file - convert a little Endian integer into a file
  *
  * given:
  *	v		integer to write to the file

cal/intnum.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * intnum - implementation of tanhsinh- and Gauss-Legendre quadrature
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ define quadts(a, b, points)
                  * as the number of equally spaced intervals on a straight line
                  * connecting a and b. Computing the segments here is a bit
                  * more complicated but not much, it should have been taught in
-                 * highschool.
+                 * high school.
 		 * Other contours by way of a list of points */
 		slope = (im(b) - im(a)) / (re(b) - re(a));
 		C = (im(a) + slope) * re(a);

cal/lambertw.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * lambertw - Lambert's W-function
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: lambertw.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/lambertw.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */
@@ -87,7 +83,7 @@ define __CZ__lambertw_m1(z,eps){
   or by using the function lambertw_series_print() after running
   lambertw_series(z,eps,branch,terms) at least once with the wanted number of
   terms and z = 1 (which might throw an error because the series will not
-  converge in anybodies lifetime for something that far from the branchpoint).
+  converge in anybodies lifetime for something that far from the branch point).
 
 
 */
@@ -109,7 +105,7 @@ define lambertw_series_print(){
 }
 
 /*
-   The series is fast but only if _very_ close to the branchpoint
+   The series is fast but only if _very_ close to the branch point
    The exact branch must be given explicitly, e.g.:
 
 ; lambertw(-exp(-1)+.001)-lambertw_series(-exp(-1)+.001,epsilon()*1e-10,0)

cal/linear.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * linear - perform a simple two point 2D linear interpolation
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2005-2007  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2007,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: linear.cal,v 30.2 2007/03/17 05:57:42 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/linear.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2005/12/12 06:41:50
  * File existed as early as:	2005
  *
@@ -33,7 +29,7 @@
  *
  * given:
  *	x0, y0		first known point on the line
- *	x1, y1		second knonw point on the line
+ *	x1, y1		second known point on the line
  *	x		a given point to interpolate on
  *
  * returns:

cal/lnseries.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: lnseries.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/lnseries.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */

cal/lucas.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * lucas - perform a Lucas primality test on h*2^n-1
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999,2017  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2017,2018,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: lucas.cal,v 30.4 2017/05/20 21:54:16 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc-RHEL7/cal/RCS/lucas.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/05/03 16:49:51
  * File existed as early as:	1990
  *
@@ -32,6 +28,10 @@
  * For a general tutorial on how to find a new largest known prime, see:
  *
  *	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/prime/prime-tutorial.pdf
+ *
+ * Also see the reference code, available both C and go:
+ *
+ *	https://github.com/arcetri/goprime
  */
 
 /*
@@ -158,6 +158,12 @@
  *
  * Finally, one should eliminate all values of 'h*2^n-1' where
  * 'h*2^n+1' is divisible by a small primes.
+ *
+ * NOTE: Today, for world record sized h*2^n-1 primes, one might
+ *	 search for factors < 2^46 or more.  By excluding h*2^n-1
+ *	 with prime factors < 2^46, where h*2^n-1 is a bit larger
+ *	 than the largest known prime, one may exclude about 96.5%
+ *	 of candidates that have "small" prime factors.
  */
 
 pprod256 = 0;	/* product of  "primes up to 256" / "primes up to 46" */
@@ -175,6 +181,11 @@ pprod256 = 0;	/* product of  "primes up to 256" / "primes up to 46" */
  *	"Lucasian Criteria for the Primality of N=h*2^n-1", by Hans Riesel,
  *	Mathematics of Computation, Vol 23 #108, pp. 869-875, Oct 1969
  *
+ *	http://www.ams.org/journals/mcom/1969-23-108/S0025-5718-1969-0262163-1/
+ *			   S0025-5718-1969-0262163-1.pdf
+ *
+ *	NOTE: Join the above two lines for the complete URL of the paper.
+ *
  * The following book is also useful:
  *
  * Ref2:
@@ -242,8 +253,8 @@ pprod256 = 0;	/* product of  "primes up to 256" / "primes up to 46" */
  * do make this so.
  *
  * input:
- *	h    the h as in h*2^n-1
+ *	h    h as in h*2^n-1 (must be >= 1)
- *	n    the n as in h*2^n-1
+ *	n    n as in h*2^n-1 (must be >= 1)
  *
  * returns:
  *	1 => h*2^n-1 is prime
@@ -266,13 +277,17 @@ lucas(h, n)
 	 * check arg types
 	 */
 	if (!isint(h)) {
-		ldebug("lucas", "h is non-int");
 		quit "FATAL: bad args: h must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (h < 1) {
+		quit "FATAL: bad args: h must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 	if (!isint(n)) {
-		ldebug("lucas", "n is non-int");
 		quit "FATAL: bad args: n must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (n < 1) {
+		quit "FATAL: bad args: n must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * reduce h if even
@@ -358,41 +373,53 @@ lucas(h, n)
 		return 1;		/* 239 is prime */
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Verify that h*2^n-1 is not a multiple of 3
+	 *
+	 * The case for h*2^n-1 == 3 is handled above.
+	 */
+	if (((h % 3 == 1) && (n % 2 == 0)) || ((h % 3 == 2) && (n % 2 == 1))) {
+		/* no need to test h*2^n-1, it is a multiple of 3 */
+		ldebug("lucas","not-prime: != 3 and is a multiple of 3");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Avoid any numbers divisible by small primes
 	 */
 	/*
-	 * check for 3 <= prime factors < 29
+	 * check for 5 <= prime factors < 31
-	 * pfact(28)/2 = 111546435
+	 * pfact(30)/6 = 1078282205
 	 */
 	testval = h*2^n - 1;
-	if (gcd(testval, 111546435) > 1) {
+	if (gcd(testval, 1078282205) > 1) {
-		/* a small 3 <= prime < 29 divides h*2^n-1 */
+		/* a small 5 <= prime < 31 divides h*2^n-1 */
-		ldebug("lucas","not-prime: 3<=prime<29 divides h*2^n-1");
+		ldebug("lucas",\
+		    "not-prime: a small 5<=prime<31 divides h*2^n-1");
 		return 0;
 	}
 	/*
-	 * check for 29 <= prime factors < 47
+	 * check for 31 <= prime factors < 53
-	 * pfact(46)/pfact(28) = 5864229
+	 * pfact(52)/pfact(30) = 95041567
 	 */
-	if (gcd(testval, 58642669) > 1) {
+	if (gcd(testval, 95041567) > 1) {
-		/* a small 29 <= prime < 47 divides h*2^n-1 */
+		/* a small 31 <= prime < 53 divides h*2^n-1 */
-		ldebug("lucas","not-prime: 29<=prime<47 divides h*2^n-1");
+		ldebug("lucas","not-prime: 31<=prime<53 divides h*2^n-1");
 		return 0;
 	}
 	/*
-	 * check for prime 47 <= factors < 257, if h*2^n-1 is large
+	 * check for prime 53 <= factors < 257, if h*2^n-1 is large
-	 * 2^282 > pfact(256)/pfact(46) > 2^281
+	 * 2^276 > pfact(256)/pfact(52) > 2^275
 	 */
 	bits = highbit(testval);
-	if (bits >= 281) {
+	if (bits >= 275) {
 		if (pprod256 <= 0) {
-			pprod256 = pfact(256)/pfact(46);
+			pprod256 = pfact(256)/pfact(52);
 		}
 		if (gcd(testval, pprod256) > 1) {
-			/* a small 47 <= prime < 257 divides h*2^n-1 */
+			/* a small 53 <= prime < 257 divides h*2^n-1 */
 			ldebug("lucas",\
-			    "not-prime: 47<=prime<257 divides h*2^n-1");
+			    "not-prime: 53<=prime<257 divides h*2^n-1");
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -408,7 +435,9 @@ lucas(h, n)
 	 * generate a test for h*2^n-1.	 The legacy function,
 	 * legacy_gen_v1() used by the Amdahl 6 could have returned
 	 * -1. The new gen_v1() based on the method outlined in Ref4
-	 * will never return -1.
+	 * will never return -1 if h*2^n-1 is not a multiple of 3.
+	 * Because the "multiple of 3" case is handled above, the
+	 * call below to gen_v1() will never return -1.
 	 */
 	v1 = gen_v1(h, n);
 	if (v1 < 0) {
@@ -483,9 +512,9 @@ lucas(h, n)
  * See the function gen_v1() for details on the value of v(1).
  *
  * input:
- *	h	- h as in h*2^n-1
+ *	h	- h as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
- *	n	- n as in h*2^n-1
+ *	n	- n as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
- *	v1	- gen_v1(h,n)		(see function below)
+ *	v1	- gen_v1(h,n)		(must be >= 3) (see function below)
  *
  * returns:
  *	u(2)	- initial value for Lucas test on h*2^n-1
@@ -498,6 +527,8 @@ gen_u2(h, n, v1)
 	local r;		/* low value: v(n) */
 	local s;		/* high value: v(n+1) */
 	local hbits;		/* highest bit set in h */
+	local oldh;		/* pre-reduced h */
+	local oldn;		/* pre-reduced n */
 	local i;
 
 	/*
@@ -506,24 +537,45 @@ gen_u2(h, n, v1)
 	if (!isint(h)) {
 		quit "bad args: h must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (h < 0) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 	if (!isint(n)) {
 		quit "bad args: n must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (n < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: n must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 	if (!isint(v1)) {
 		quit "bad args: v1 must be an integer";
 	}
-	if (v1 <= 0) {
+	if (v1 < 3) {
-		quit "bogus arg: v1 is <= 0";
+		quit "bogus arg: v1 must be an integer >= 3";
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * reduce h if even
+	 *
+	 * we will force h to be odd by moving powers of two over to 2^n
+	 */
+	oldh = h;
+	oldn = n;
+	shiftdown = fcnt(h,2);	/* h % 2^shiftdown == 0, max shiftdown */
+	if (shiftdown > 0) {
+		h >>= shiftdown;
+		n += shiftdown;
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * enforce the h > 0 and n >= 2 rules
 	 */
 	if (h <= 0 || n < 1) {
+		print "	   ERROR: h=":oldh, "n=":oldn, "reduced h=":h, "n=":n;
 		quit "reduced args violate the rule: 0 < h < 2^n";
 	}
 	hbits = highbit(h);
 	if (hbits >= n) {
+		print "	   ERROR: h=":oldh, "n=":oldn, "reduced h=":h, "n=":n;
 		quit "reduced args violate the rule: 0 < h < 2^n";
 	}
 
@@ -598,8 +650,8 @@ gen_u2(h, n, v1)
  * See the function gen_u2() for details.
  *
  * input:
- *	h	- h as in h*2^n-1
+ *	h	- h as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
- *	n	- n as in h*2^n-1
+ *	n	- n as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
  *	v1	- gen_v1(h,n)		(see function below)
  *
  * returns:
@@ -637,9 +689,9 @@ gen_u0(h, n, v1)
  *	x > 2
  *
  * input:
- *	x	- potential v(1) value
+ *	x	potential v(1) value
- *	h	- h as in h*2^n-1
+ *	h	h as in h*2^n-1 (h must be odd >= 1)
- *	n	- n as in h*2^n-1
+ *	n	n as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
  *
  * returns:
  *	1	if v(1) == x for h*2^n-1
@@ -656,9 +708,18 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
 	if (!isint(h)) {
 		quit "bad args: h must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (iseven(h)) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an odd integer";
+	}
+	if (h < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 	if (!isint(n)) {
 		quit "bad args: n must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (n < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: n must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 	if (!isint(x)) {
 		quit "bad args: x must be an integer";
 	}
@@ -670,7 +731,7 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
- 	/*
+	/*
 	 * Check for jacobi(x-2, h*2^n-1) == 1	(Ref4, condition 1) part 1
 	 */
 	testval = h*2^n-1;
@@ -678,7 +739,7 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
- 	/*
+	/*
 	 * Check for jacobi(x+2, h*2^n-1) == -1	(Ref4, condition 1) part 2
 	 */
 	if (jacobi(x+2, testval) != -1) {
@@ -702,9 +763,9 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
  * We can show that X > 2.  See the comments in the rodseth_xhn(x,h,n) above.
  *
  * Some values of X satisfy more often than others. For example a large sample
- * of odd h, h multiple of 3 and large n (some around 1e4, some near 1e6, others
+ * of h*2^n-1, h odd multiple of 3, and large n (some around 1e4, some near 1e6,
- * near 3e7) where the sample size was 66 973 365, here is the count of the
+ * others near 3e7) where the sample size was 66 973 365, here is the count of
- * smallest value of X that satisfies conditions in Ref4, condition 1:
+ * the smallest value of X that satisfies conditions in Ref4, condition 1:
  *
  *      count  X
  *    ----------
@@ -762,45 +823,161 @@ rodseth_xhn(x, h, n)
  *           1 161
  *           1 155
  *
+ * It is important that we select the smallest possible v(1).  While testing
+ * various values of X for V(1) is fast, using larger than necessary values
+ * of V(1) of can slow down calculating V(h).
+ *
  * The above distribution was found to hold fairly well over many values of
- * odd h that are a multiple of 3 and for many values of n where h < 2^n.
+ * odd h that are also a multiple of 3 and for many values of n where h < 2^n.
+ *
+ * For example for in a sample size of 1000000 numbers of the form h*2^n-1
+ * where h is an odd multiple of 3, 12996351 <= h <= 13002351,
+ * 4331116 <= n <= 4332116, these are the smallest v(1) values that were found:
+ *
+ *  smallest  percentage
+ *	v(1)     used
+ *  --------  ---------
+ *	  3   40.0000 %
+ *	  5   25.6833 %
+ *	  9   11.6924 %
+ *	 11   10.4528 %
+ *	 15    4.8048 %
+ *	 17    2.3458 %
+ *	 21    1.3734 %
+ *	 29    1.0527 %
+ *	 20    0.8595 %
+ *	 27    0.5758 %
+ *	 35    0.4420 %
+ *	 36    0.2433 %
+ *	 39    0.1779 %
+ *	 41    0.0885 %
+ *	 45    0.0571 %
+ *	 32    0.0337 %
+ *	 51    0.0289 %
+ *	 44    0.0205 %
+ *	 49    0.0176 %
+ *	 56    0.0137 %
+ *	 59    0.0108 %
+ *	 57    0.0053 %
+ *	 65    0.0047 %
+ *	 55    0.0045 %
+ *	 69    0.0031 %
+ *	 71    0.0024 %
+ *	 66    0.0011 %
+ *	 95    0.0008 %
+ *	 81    0.0008 %
+ *	 77    0.0006 %
+ *	 72    0.0005 %
+ *	 99    0.0004 %
+ *	 80    0.0003 %
+ *	 74    0.0003 %
+ *	 84    0.0002 %
+ *	 67    0.0002 %
+ *	 87    0.0001 %
+ *	104    0.0001 %
+ *	129    0.0001 %
+ *
+ * However, a case can be made for considering only odd values for v(1)
+ * candidates.  When h * 2^n-1 is prime and h is an odd multiple of 3,
+ * a smallest v(1) that is even is extremely rate.  Of the list of 146553
+ * known primes of the form h*2^n-1 when h is an odd a multiple of 3,
+ * none has an smallest v(1) that was even.
+ *
+ * See:
+ *
+ *	https://github.com/arcetri/verified-prime
+ *
+ * for that list of 146553 known primes of the form h*2^n-1.
+ *
+ * That same example for in a sample size of 1000000 numbers of the
+ * form h*2^n-1 where h is an odd multiple of 3, 12996351 <= h <= 13002351,
+ * 4331116 <= n <= 4332116, these are the smallest odd v(1) values that were
+ * found:
+ *
+ *  smallest    percentage
+ *  odd v(1)       used
+ *  --------    ---------
+ *	  3	40.0000 %
+ *	  5	25.6833 %
+ *	  9	11.6924 %
+ *	 11	10.4528 %
+ *	 15	 4.8048 %
+ *	 17	 2.3458 %
+ *	 21	 1.6568 %
+ *	 29	 1.6174 %
+ *	 35	 0.4529 %
+ *	 27	 0.3546 %
+ *	 39	 0.3470 %
+ *	 41	 0.2159 %
+ *	 45	 0.1173 %
+ *	 31	 0.0661 %
+ *	 51	 0.0619 %
+ *	 55	 0.0419 %
+ *	 59	 0.0250 %
+ *	 49	 0.0170 %
+ *	 69	 0.0110 %
+ *	 65	 0.0098 %
+ *	 71	 0.0078 %
+ *	 85	 0.0048 %
+ *	 81	 0.0044 %
+ *	 95	 0.0038 %
+ *	 99	 0.0021 %
+ *	125	 0.0009 %
+ *	 57	 0.0007 %
+ *	111	 0.0005 %
+ *	 77	 0.0003 %
+ *	165	 0.0003 %
+ *	155	 0.0002 %
+ *	129	 0.0002 %
+ *	101	 0.0002 %
+ *	 53	 0.0001 %
+ *
+ * Moreover when evaluating odd candidates for v(1), one may cache Jacobi
+ * symbol evaluations to reduce the number of Jacobi symbol evaluations to
+ * a minimum. For example, if one tests 5 and finds that the 2nd case fails:
+ *
+ *	jacobi(5+2, h*2^n-1) != -1
+ *
+ * Then if one is later testing 9, the Jacobi symbol value for the first
+ * 1st case:
+ *
+ *	jacobi(7-2, h*2^n-1)
+ *
+ * is already known.
+ *
+ * Without Jacobi symbol value caching, it requires on average
+ * 4.851377 Jacobi symbol evaluations.  With Jacobi symbol value caching
+ * cacheing, an average of 4.348820 Jacobi symbol evaluations is needed.
  *
  * Given this information, when odd h is a multiple of 3 we try, in order,
- * these values of X:
+ * these odd values of X:
  *
- *      3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 21, 29, 20, 27, 35, 36, 39, 41, 45, 32, 51, 44,
+ *	3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 21, 29, 27, 35, 39, 41, 31, 45, 51, 55, 49, 59,
- *      56, 49, 59, 57, 65, 55, 69, 71, 77, 81, 66, 95, 80, 67, 84, 99, 72,
+ *	69, 65, 71, 57, 85, 81, 95, 99, 77, 53, 67, 125, 111, 105, 87, 129,
- *      74, 87, 90, 104, 101, 105, 109, 116, 111, 92
+ *	101, 83, 165, 155, 149, 141, 121, 109
  *
  * And stop on the first value of X where:
  *
  *      jacobi(X-2, h*2^n-1) == 1
  *      jacobi(X+2, h*2^n-1) == -1
  *
- * If no value in that list works, we start simple search starting with X = 120
+ * Less than 1 case out of 1000000 will not be satisfied by the above list.
- * and incrementing by 1 until a value of X is found.
+ * If no value in that list works, we start simple search starting with X = 167
+ * and incrementing by 2 until a value of X is found.
  *
- * The x_tbl[] matrix contains those common values of X to try in order.
+ * The x_tbl[] matrix contains those values of X to try in order.
- * If all x_tbl_len fail to satisfy Ref4 condition 1, then we begin a
+ * If all x_tbl_len fail to satisfy Ref4 condition 1 (this happens less than
- * linear search at next_x until we find a proper X value.
+ * 1 in 1000000 cases), then we begin a linear search of odd values starting at
- *
+ * next_x until we find a proper X value.
- * IMPORTANT NOTE: Using this table will not find the smallest possible v(1)
- *		   for a given h and n.  This is not a problem because using
- *		   a larger value of v(1) does not impact the primality test.
- *		   Furthermore after lucas(h, n) generates a few u(n) terms,
- *		   the values will wrap (due to computing mod h*2^n-1).
- *		   Finally on average, about 1/4 of the values of X work as
- *		   v(1) for a given n when h is a multiple of 3.  Skipping
- *		   rarely used v(1) will not doom gen_v1() to a long search.
  */
-x_tbl_len = 45;
+x_tbl_len = 42;
 mat x_tbl[x_tbl_len];
 x_tbl = {
-    3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 21, 29, 20, 27, 35, 36, 39, 41, 45, 32, 51, 44,
+    3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 21, 29, 27, 35, 39, 41, 31, 45, 51, 55, 49, 59,
-   56, 49, 59, 57, 65, 55, 69, 71, 77, 81, 66, 95, 80, 67, 84, 99, 72,
+    69, 65, 71, 57, 85, 81, 95, 99, 77, 53, 67, 125, 111, 105, 87, 129,
-   74, 87, 90, 104, 101, 105, 109, 116, 111, 92
+    101, 83, 165, 155, 149, 141, 121, 109
 };
-next_x = 120;
+next_x = 167;	/* must be 2 more than the largest value in x_tbl[] */
 
 /*
  * gen_v1 - compute the v(1) for a given h*2^n-1 if we can
@@ -840,7 +1017,13 @@ next_x = 120;
  *	u(2) = alpha^h + alpha^(-h)		 (NOTE: some call this u(2))
  *	r = abs(2^2 - 1^2*3) = 1
  *
- * and the bottom of Ref1, page 872 states:
+ * where these values work for Case 1:		 (h mod 3 != 0)
+ *
+ *	a = 1
+ *	b = 2
+ *	D = 1
+ *
+ * Now at the bottom of Ref1, page 872 states:
  *
  *	v(x) = alpha^x + alpha^(-x)
  *
@@ -852,12 +1035,22 @@ next_x = 120;
  *
  *	u(2) = v(h)				 (NOTE: some call this u(2))
  *
- * so we simply return
+ * so we can always return
  *
  *	v(1) = alpha^1 + alpha^(-1)
  *	     = (2+sqrt(3)) + (2-sqrt(3))
  *	     = 4
  *
+ * In 40% of the cases when h is not a multiple of 3, 3 is a valid value
+ * for v(1).  We can test if 3 is a valid value for v(1) in this case:
+ *
+ *	if jacobi(1, h*2^n-1) == 1 and jacobi(5, h*2^n-1) == -1, then
+ *	    v(1) = 3
+ *	else
+ *	    v(1) = 4
+ *
+ * NOTE: The above "if then else" works only of h is not a multiple of 3.
+ *
  ***
  *
  * Case 2:	(h mod 3 == 0)
@@ -949,17 +1142,22 @@ next_x = 120;
  ***
  *
  * input:
- *	h	h as in h*2^n-1
+ *	h	h as in h*2^n-1 (h must be odd >= 1)
- *	n	n as in h*2^n-1
+ *	n	n as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
  *
  * output:
- *	returns v(1), or -1 is there is no quick way
+ *	returns v(1), or
+ *		-1 when h*2^n-1 is a multiple of 3
  */
 define
 gen_v1(h, n)
 {
 	local x;	/* potential v(1) to test */
 	local i;	/* x_tbl index */
+	local v1m2;	/* X-2 1st case */
+	local v1p2;	/* X+2 2nd case */
+	local testval;	/* h*2^n-1 - value we are testing if prime */
+	local mat cached_v1[next_x];	/* cached Jacobi symbol values or 0 */
 
 	/*
 	 * check arg types
@@ -967,58 +1165,131 @@ gen_v1(h, n)
 	if (!isint(h)) {
 		quit "bad args: h must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (iseven(h)) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an odd integer";
+	}
+	if (h < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
 	if (!isint(n)) {
 		quit "bad args: n must be an integer";
 	}
+	if (n < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: n must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * pretest: Verify that h*2^n-1 is not a multiple of 3
+	 */
+	if (((h % 3 == 1) && (n % 2 == 0)) || ((h % 3 == 2) && (n % 2 == 1))) {
+		/* no need to test h*2^n-1, it is not prime */
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Common Mersenne number case:
+	 *
+	 * For Mersenne numbers:
+	 *
+	 *	2^n-1
+	 *
+	 * we can use, 40% of the time, v(1) == 3.  However nearly all code that
+	 * implements the Lucas-Lehmer test uses v(1) == 4.  Whenever for
+	 * h != 0 mod 3, and particular the Mersenne number case of when h == 1:
+	 *
+	 *	1*2^n-1
+	 *
+	 * v(1) == 4 always works.  For this reason, we return 4 when h == 1.
+	 */
+	if (h == 1) {
+		/* v(1) == 4 always works for the Mersenne number case */
+		return 4;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * check for Case 1:      (h mod 3 != 0)
 	 */
 	if (h % 3 != 0) {
-		/* v(1) is easy to compute */
+		if (rodseth_xhn(3, h, n) == 1) {
-		return 4;
+			/* 40% of the time, 3 works when h mod 3 != 0 */
+			return 3;
+		} else {
+			/* otherwise 4 always works when h mod 3 != 0 */
+			return 4;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * What follow is Case 2:      (h mod 3 == 0)
 	 */
 
+	/*
+	 * clear cache
+	 */
+	matfill(cached_v1, 0);
+
 	/*
 	 * We will look for x that satisfies conditions in Ref4, condition 1:
 	 *
 	 *	jacobi(X-2, h*2^n-1) == 1		part 1
 	 *	jacobi(X+2, h*2^n-1) == -1		part 2
+	 *
+	 * NOTE: If we wanted to be super optimal, we would cache
+	 *	 jacobi(X+2, h*2^n-1) that that when we increment X
+	 *	 to the next odd value, the now jacobi(X-2, h*2^n-1)
+	 *	 does not need to be re-evaluated.
 	 */
+	testval = h*2^n-1;
 	for (i=0; i < x_tbl_len; ++i) {
 
 		/*
-		 * test Ref4 condition 1:
+		 * obtain the next test candidate
 		 */
 		x = x_tbl[i];
-		if (rodseth_xhn(x, h, n) == 1) {
 
-			/*
+		/*
-			 * found a x that satisfies Ref4 condition 1
+		 * Check x for condition 1 part 1
-			 */
+		 *
-			ldebug("gen_v1", "h= " + str(h) + " n= " + str(n) +
+		 *	jacobi(x-2, h*2^n-1) == 1
-				" v1= " + str(x) + " using tbl[ " +
+		 */
-				str(i) + " ]");
+		v1m2 = x-2;
-			return x;
+		if (cached_v1[v1m2] == 0) {
+			cached_v1[v1m2] = jacobi(v1m2, testval);
 		}
+		if (cached_v1[v1m2] != 1) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Check x for condition 1 part 2
+		 *
+		 *	jacobi(x+2, h*2^n-1) == -1
+		 */
+		v1p2 = x+2;
+		if (cached_v1[v1p2] == 0) {
+			cached_v1[v1p2] = jacobi(v1p2, testval);
+		}
+		if (cached_v1[v1p2] != -1) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * found a x that satisfies Ref4 condition 1
+		 */
+		ldebug("gen_v1", "h= " + str(h) + " n= " + str(n) +
+			" v1= " + str(x) + " using tbl[ " +
+			str(i) + " ]");
+		return x;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * We are in that rare case (about 1 in 2 300 000) where none of the
+	 * We are in that rare case (less than 1 in 1 000 000) where none of the
 	 * common X values satisfy Ref4 condition 1.  We start a linear search
-	 * at next_x from here on.
+	 * of odd values at next_x from here on.
-	 *
-	 * However, we also need to keep in mind that when x+2 >= 257, we
-	 * need to verify that gcd(x-2, h*2^n-1) == 1 and
-	 * and to verify that gcd(x+2, h*2^n-1) == 1.
 	 */
 	x = next_x;
 	while (rodseth_xhn(x, h, n) != 1) {
-		++x;
+		x += 2;
 	}
 	/* finally found a v(1) value */
 	ldebug("gen_v1", "h= " + str(h) + " n= " + str(n) +
@@ -1143,7 +1414,13 @@ legacy_d_qval[7] = 19;	legacy_v1_qval[7] = 74;	/* a=38	 b=1  r=2  */
  *	u(2) = alpha^h + alpha^(-h)
  *	r = abs(2^2 - 1^2*3) = 1
  *
- * and the bottom of Ref1, page 872 states:
+ * where these values work for Case 1: 			(h mod 3 != 0)
+ *
+ *	a = 1
+ *	b = 2
+ *	D = 1
+ *
+ * Now at the bottom of Ref1, page 872 states:
  *
  *	v(x) = alpha^x + alpha^(-x)
  *
@@ -1444,8 +1721,8 @@ legacy_d_qval[7] = 19;	legacy_v1_qval[7] = 74;	/* a=38	 b=1  r=2  */
  ***
  *
  * input:
- *	h	h as in h*2^n-1
+ *	h	h as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
- *	n	n as in h*2^n-1
+ *	n	n as in h*2^n-1	(must be >= 1)
  *
  * output:
  *	returns v(1), or -1 is there is no quick way
@@ -1457,6 +1734,22 @@ legacy_gen_v1(h, n)
 	local val_mod;	/* h*2^n-1 mod 'D' */
 	local i;
 
+	/*
+	 * check arg types
+	 */
+	if (!isint(h)) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an integer";
+	}
+	if (h < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: h must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
+	if (!isint(n)) {
+		quit "bad args: n must be an integer";
+	}
+	if (n < 1) {
+		quit "bad args: n must be an integer >= 1";
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * check for case 1
 	 */

cal/lucas_chk.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * lucas_chk - test all primes of the form h*2^n-1, 1<=h<200 and n <= high_n
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: lucas_chk.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/lucas_chk.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1991/01/11 05:41:43
  * File existed as early as:	1991
  *
@@ -307,7 +303,7 @@ read -once "lucas.cal";
  *	[quiet] if given and != 0, then do not print individual test results
  *
  * returns:
- *	1	all is ok
+ *	1	all is OK
  *	0	something went wrong
  */
 define

cal/mersenne.cal

@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: mersenne.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/mersenne.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1991/05/22 21:56:36
  * File existed as early as:	1991
  *

cal/mfactor.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * mfactor - return the lowest factor of 2^n-1, for n > 0
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: mfactor.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/mfactor.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1996/07/06 06:09:40
  * File existed as early as:	1996
  *
@@ -83,7 +79,7 @@
  *		hindx = 0;
  *	} while (test_factor < some_limit);
  *
- * The test, mfactor(67, 1, 10000) took on an 200 Mhz r4k (user CPU seconds):
+ * The test, mfactor(67, 1, 10000) took on an 200 MHz r4k (user CPU seconds):
  *
  *	210.83	(prior to use of hset[])
  *	 78.35	(hset[] for p_elim = 7)
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@
  *	 57.78	(hset[] for p_elim = 17)
  *	 p_elim == 19 rejected because of memory size
  *
- * The p_elim == 17 overhead takes ~3 minutes on an 200 Mhz r4k CPU and
+ * The p_elim == 17 overhead takes ~3 minutes on an 200 MHz r4k CPU and
  * requires about ~13 Megs of memory.  The p_elim == 13 overhead
  * takes about 3 seconds and requires ~1.5 Megs of memory.
  *
@@ -260,7 +256,7 @@ define mfactor(n, start_k, rept_loop, p_elim)
 		return q;
 	} else {
 		/* report this loop */
-		printf("at 2*%d*%d+1, cpu: %f\n",
+		printf("at 2*%d*%d+1, CPU: %f\n",
 			(q-1)/(2*n), n, usertime());
 		fflush(files(1));
 		loop = 0;
@@ -273,14 +269,14 @@ define mfactor(n, start_k, rept_loop, p_elim)
 		 */
 		if (rept_loop <= ++loop) {
 			/* report this loop */
-			printf("at 2*%d*%d+1, cpu: %f\n",
+			printf("at 2*%d*%d+1, CPU: %f\n",
 				(q-1)/(2*n), n, usertime());
 			fflush(files(1));
 			loop = 0;
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * skip if divisable by a prime <= 449
+		 * skip if divisible by a prime <= 449
 		 *
 		 * The value 281 was determined by timing loops
 		 * which found that 281 was at or near the
@@ -289,7 +285,7 @@ define mfactor(n, start_k, rept_loop, p_elim)
 		 * The addition of the do { ... } while (factor(q, 449)>1);
 		 * loop reduced the factoring loop time (36504 k values with
 		 * the hset[] initialization time removed) from 25.69 sec to
-		 * 15.62 sec of CPU time on a 200Mhz r4k.
+		 * 15.62 sec of CPU time on a 200MHz r4k.
 		 */
 		do {
 			/*

cal/mod.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: mod.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/mod.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:34
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/natnumset.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * natnumset - functions for sets of natural numbers not exceeding a fixed bound
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: natnumset.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/natnumset.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1997/09/07 23:53:51
  * File existed as early as:	1997
  *
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@
  *	A \ B = set difference, integers in A but not in B
  *
  *	~A	= complement of A, integers not in A
- *	#A	= number ofintegers in A
+ *	#A	= number of integers in A
  *	!A	= 1 or 0 according as A is empty or not empty
  *	+A	= sum of the members of A
  *
@@ -104,7 +100,7 @@
  *	A >= B = (B <= A)
  *	A > B = (B < A)
  *
- * Expresssions may be formed from the above "arithmetic" operations in
+ * Expressions may be formed from the above "arithmetic" operations in
  * the usual way, with parentheses for variations from the usual precedence
  * rules.  For example
  *

cal/palindrome.cal

@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+/*
+ * palindrome - palindrome utilities
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021  Landon Curt Noll
+ *
+ * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+ * distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+ * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * Under source code control:	2021/11/06 14:35:37
+ * File existed as early as:	2021
+ *
+ * Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * digitof - return the a digit of a value
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	value to find a digit of
+ *	place	digit place
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	value (>= 0 and < 10) that is the place-th digit of val
+ *	or 0 if place is not a digit of val
+ */
+define digitof(val, place)
+{
+    local d;	/* length of val in digits */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+
+    /* firewall - return 0 if digit place doesn't exist */
+    if (place < 1 || place > d) {
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* return the place-th digit of val as a single digit */
+    return  (val // (10^(place-1))) % 10;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * copalplace - determine the other place in a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	d	digits of a value
+ *	place	digit place
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	given palindrome val, the other digit paired with place
+ *	or 0 if place is not a digit of val
+ */
+define copalplace(d, place)
+{
+    /* firewall - return 0 if digit place doesn't exist */
+    if (d < 1 || place < 1 || place > d) {
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* return digit coplace */
+    return d+1 - place;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * upperhalf - return the upper half of a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * NOTE: When the value has an odd number of digits, the upper half
+ *	 includes the middle digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	the upper half digits of a value
+ */
+define upperhalf(val)
+{
+    local d;		/* length of val in digits */
+    local halfd;	/* length of upper hand of val */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+    halfd = d // 2;
+
+    /* return upper half */
+    return (val // 10^halfd);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * mkpal - make a value into a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	val as a palindrome with lower half being reverse digits of val
+ */
+define mkpal(val)
+{
+    local d;	/* length of val in digits */
+    local i;	/* counter */
+    local ret;	/* palindrome being formed */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+
+    /* insert digits in reverse order at the bottom */
+    ret = val;
+    for (i=0; i < d; ++i) {
+	ret = ret*10 + digit(val, i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * mkpalmiddigit - make a value into a palindrome with a middle digit
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *	digit	the digit to put into the middle of the palindrome
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	val as a palindrome with lower half being reverse digits of val
+ *		and digit as a middle digit
+ */
+define mkpalmiddigit(val, digit)
+{
+    local d;	/* length of val in digits */
+    local i;	/* counter */
+    local ret;	/* palindrome being formed */
+
+    /* determine length */
+    d = digits(val);
+
+    /* insert digits in reverse order at the bottom */
+    ret = val*10 + digit;
+    for (i=0; i < d; ++i) {
+	ret = ret*10 + digit(val, i);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * ispal - determine if a value is a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * 	1 ==> val is a palindrome
+ * 	0 ==> val is NOT a palindrome
+ */
+define ispal(val)
+{
+    local half;		/* upper half of digits of val */
+    local digit;	/* middle digit */
+
+    /* case: val has an even number of digits */
+    if (iseven(digits(val))) {
+
+	/* test palindrome-ness */
+	return (val == mkpal(upperhalf(val)));
+
+    /* case: val can an odd number of digits */
+    } else {
+
+	/* test palindrome-ness */
+	half = upperhalf(val);
+	digit = half % 10;
+	half //= 10;
+	return (val == mkpalmiddigit(half, digit));
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * palnextpal - return next palindrome from a known palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	pal	a palindrome
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	next palindrome > pal
+ */
+define palnextpal(pal)
+{
+    local paldigits;	/* digits in pal */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local newhalf;	/* half+1 */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative palindrome */
+    if (pal < 0) {
+	return -(palprevpal(-pal));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * prep to find a larger palindrome
+     */
+    newhalf = half+1;
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from new upper half
+     *
+     * We need to watch for the corner case where changing the
+     * half changes the number of digits as this will impact
+     * or even/odd number of digits processing.
+     */
+    paldigits = digits(pal);
+    if (digits(newhalf) == digits(half)) {
+	/* no change in half digits: process as normal */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	}
+    } else {
+	/* change in half digits: process as opposite */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * nextpal - return next palindrome from a value
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	next palindrome > val
+ */
+define nextpal(val)
+{
+    local newval;	/* val+1 */
+    local newvaldigits;	/* digits in newval */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative value */
+    if (val < 0) {
+	return -(prevpal(-val));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start looking from a larger value
+     */
+    newval = val+1;
+    newvaldigits = digits(newval);
+
+    /* case: single digit palindrome */
+    if (newvaldigits < 2) {
+	return newval;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with next upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(newval);
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from upper half
+     *
+     * We need to deal with even vs. odd digit counts
+     * when forming a palindrome from a half as the
+     * half may not or may include the middle digit.
+     */
+    if (iseven(newvaldigits)) {
+	pal = mkpal(half);
+    } else {
+	pal = mkpalmiddigit(half // 10, half % 10);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * case: we found a larger palindrome, we are done
+     */
+    if (pal > val) {
+	return pal;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * we need to find an even larger palindrome
+     */
+    newpal = palnextpal(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * palprevpal - return previous palindrome from a palindrome
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	pal	a palindrome
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	previous palindrome < pal
+ */
+define palprevpal(pal)
+{
+    local paldigits;	/* digits in pal */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local newhalf;	/* half+1 */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative value */
+    if (pal < 0) {
+	return -(palnextpal(-pal));
+    }
+
+    /* case: single digit palindrome */
+    if (pal < 10) {
+	newpal = pal-1;
+	return newpal;
+    }
+
+    /* case: 10 or 11 */
+    if (pal < 12) {
+	newpal = 9;
+	return newpal;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * prep to find a smaller palindrome
+     */
+    newhalf = half-1;
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from new upper half
+     *
+     * We need to watch for the corner case where changing the
+     * half changes the number of digits as this will impact
+     * or even/odd number of digits processing.
+     */
+    paldigits = digits(pal);
+    if (digits(newhalf) == digits(half)) {
+	/* no change in half digits: process as normal */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	}
+    } else {
+	/* change in half digits: process as opposite */
+	if (iseven(paldigits)) {
+	    newpal = mkpalmiddigit(newhalf // 10, newhalf % 10);
+	} else {
+	    newpal = mkpal(newhalf);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * prevpal - return previous palindrome from a value
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	previous palindrome < val
+ */
+define prevpal(val)
+{
+    local newval;	/* val-1 */
+    local newvaldigits;	/* digits in newval */
+    local half;		/* upper half of newval */
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local newpal;	/* new palindrome */
+
+    /* case: negative value */
+    if (val < 0) {
+	return -(nextpal(-val));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start looking from a smaller value
+     */
+    newval = val-1;
+    newvaldigits = digits(newval);
+
+    /* case: single digit palindrome */
+    if (newvaldigits < 2) {
+	return newval;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * start with previous upper half
+     */
+    half = upperhalf(newval);
+
+    /*
+     * form palindrome from upper half
+     *
+     * We need to deal with even vs. odd digit counts
+     * when forming a palindrome from a half as the
+     * half may not or may include the middle digit.
+     */
+    if (iseven(newvaldigits)) {
+	pal = mkpal(half);
+    } else {
+	pal = mkpalmiddigit(half // 10, half % 10);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * case: we found a smaller palindrome, we are done
+     */
+    if (pal < val) {
+	return pal;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * we need to find an even smaller palindrome
+     */
+    newpal = palprevpal(pal);
+
+    /*
+     * return the new palindrome
+     */
+    return newpal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * nextprimepal - return next palindrome that is a (highly probable) prime
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	next palindrome (highly probable) prime > val
+ */
+define nextprimepal(val)
+{
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local dpal;		/* digits in pal */
+
+    /*
+     * pre-start under the next palindrome
+     */
+    pal = nextpal(val-1);
+
+    /*
+     * loop until we find a (highly probable) prime or 0
+     */
+    do {
+
+	/* case: negative values and tiny values */
+	if (pal < 2) {
+	    return 2;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * compute the next palindrome
+	 */
+	pal = palnextpal(pal);
+	dpal = digits(pal);
+
+	/* case: 11 is the only prime palindrome with even digit count */
+	if (pal == 11) {
+	    return 11;
+	}
+
+	/* case: even number of digits and not 11 */
+	if (iseven(dpal)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * Except for 11 (which is handled above already), there are
+	     * no prime palindrome with even digits.  So we need to
+	     * increase the digit count and work with that larger palindrome.
+	     */
+	    pal = nextpal(10^dpal);
+	}
+
+	/* case: palindrome is even or ends in 5 */
+	if (iseven(pal % 10) || (pal%10 == 10/2)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * we need to increase the bottom and top digits
+	     * so that we have a chance to be prime
+	     */
+	    pal += (1 + 10^(dpal-1));
+	}
+	if (config("resource_debug") & 0x8) {
+	    print "DEBUG: nextprimepal:", pal;
+	}
+    } while (ptest(pal) == 0 && pal > 0);
+
+    /* return palindrome that his (highly probable) prime or 0 */
+    return pal;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * prevprimepal - return prev palindrome that is a (highly probable) prime
+ *
+ * NOTE: We assume base 10 digits and place 1 is the units digit.
+ *
+ * given:
+ *	val	a value
+ *
+ * returns:
+ *	prev palindrome (highly probable) prime < val or 0
+ */
+define prevprimepal(val)
+{
+    local pal;		/* palindrome test value */
+    local dpal;		/* digits in pal */
+
+    /*
+     * pre-start over the previous palindrome
+     */
+    pal = prevpal(val+1);
+
+    /*
+     * loop until we find a (highly probable) prime or 0
+     */
+    do {
+
+	/*
+	 * case: single digit values are always palindromes
+	 */
+	if (val < 10) {
+	    /*
+	     * The prevcand() call will return 0 if there is no previous prime
+	     * such as the case when val < 2.
+	     */
+	    return prevcand(pal);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * compute the previous palindrome
+	 */
+	pal = palprevpal(pal);
+	dpal = digits(pal);
+
+	/* case: 11 is the only prime palindrome with even digit count */
+	if (pal == 11) {
+	    return 11;
+	}
+
+	/* case: 2 digit palindrome and not 11 */
+	if (dpal == 2) {
+	    return 7;
+	}
+
+	/* case: even number of digits */
+	if (iseven(dpal)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * Except for 11 (which is handled above already), there are
+	     * no prime palindrome with even digits.  So we need to
+	     * decrease the digit count and work with that smaller palindrome.
+	     */
+	    pal = prevpal(10^(dpal-1));
+	}
+
+	/* case: palindrome is even or ends in 5 */
+	if (iseven(pal % 10) || (pal%10 == 10/2)) {
+
+	    /*
+	     * we need to decrease the bottom and top digits
+	     * so that we have a chance to be prime
+	     */
+	    pal -= (1 + 10^(dpal-1));
+	}
+	if (config("resource_debug") & 0x8) {
+	    print "DEBUG: prevprimepal:", pal;
+	}
+    } while (ptest(pal) == 0 && pal > 0);
+
+    /* return palindrome that his (highly probable) prime or 0 */
+    return pal;
+}

cal/pell.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * pell - solve Pell's equation
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  David I. Bell
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  David I. Bell
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: pell.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/pell.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:34
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *
@@ -29,7 +25,7 @@
 
 /*
  * Solve Pell's equation; Returns the solution X to: X^2 - D * Y^2 = 1.
- * Type the solution to pells equation for a particular D.
+ * Type the solution to Pell's equation for a particular D.
  */
 
 

cal/pi.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * pi - various routines to calculate pi
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2004  David I. Bell
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2004,2021  David I. Bell
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: pi.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/pi.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1991/05/22 21:56:37
  * File existed as early as:	1991
  *
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ define qpi(epsilon)
 /*
  * Print digits of PI forever, neatly formatted, using calc.
  *
- * Written by Klaus Alexander Seistrup <klaus@seistrup.dk>
+ * Written by Klaus Alexander Seistrup <klaus at seistrup dot dk>
  * on a dull Friday evening in November 1999.
  *
  * Inspired by an algorithm conceived by Lambert Meertens.

cal/pix.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: pix.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/pix.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1996/07/09 03:14:14
  * File existed as early as:	1996
  *

cal/pollard.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: pollard.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/pollard.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1991/05/22 21:56:37
  * File existed as early as:	1991
  *

cal/poly.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * poly - calculate with polynomials of one variable
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: poly.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/poly.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:35
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *
@@ -39,7 +35,7 @@
  *	variable has only one name.  For some purposes, a name like
  *	"sin(t)" or "(a + b)" or "\lambda" might be useful;
  *	names like "*" or "-27" are legal but might give expressions
- *	that are difficult to intepret.
+ *	that are difficult to interpret.
  *
  * Polynomial expressions may be constructed from numbers and the
  *	independent variable and other polynomials by the algebraic
@@ -47,7 +43,7 @@
  *	The operations // and % are defined to have the quotient and
  *	remainder meanings as usually defined for polynomials.
  *
- * When polynomials are assigned to idenfifiers, it is convenient to
+ * When polynomials are assigned to identifiers, it is convenient to
  *	think of the polynomials as values.  For example, p = (x - 1)^2
  *	assigns to p a polynomial value in the same way as q = (7 - 1)^2
  *	would assign to q a number value.  As with number expressions

cal/prompt.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- * prompt - eemonstration of some uses of prompt() and eval()
+ * prompt - demonstration of some uses of prompt() and eval()
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: prompt.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/prompt.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/12/18 04:43:25
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *
@@ -65,9 +61,9 @@
  * nothing to sum.  The last line returns the value 3, i.e. the last
  * non-null value found for the expressions separated by semicolons,
  * so sum will be increased by 3 after the "print sum^2;" command
- * is executed.	 xxx The terminating semicolon is essential in the
+ * is executed.	 XXX The terminating semicolon is essential in the
  * last two lines.  A command like eval("print 7;") is acceptable to
- * calc but eval("print 7") causes an exit from calc. xxx)
+ * calc but eval("print 7") causes an exit from calc. XXX)
  *
  * If the value returned is not a number (e.g. the name of a list or matrix,
  * or if the string has syntax errors as in "2 + ", in which case the
@@ -79,7 +75,7 @@
  *	"sin(x)", "x^2 + 3*x", "exp(x, 1e-5)".
  *
  * Values of the function so defined are returned for values of x
- * entered in reponse to the ? prompt.	Operation is terminated by
+ * entered in response to the ? prompt.	Operation is terminated by
  * entering "end", "exit" or "quit".
  */
 

cal/psqrt.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: psqrt.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/psqrt.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:35
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/qtime.cal

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 /*
  * qtime - Display time as English sentence
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Klaus Alexander Seistrup and Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Klaus Alexander Seistrup and Landon Curt Noll
  *
- * Written by: Klaus Alexander Seistrup <kseis@magnetic-ink.dk>
+ * Written by: Klaus Alexander Seistrup <kseis at magnetic-ink dot dk>
  * With mods by: Landon Curt Noll <http://www.isthe.com/chongo/>
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: qtime.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/qtime.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1999/10/13 04:10:33
  * File existed as early as:	1999
  *

cal/quat.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- * quat - alculate using quaternions of the form: a + bi + cj + dk
+ * quat - calculate using quaternions of the form: a + bi + cj + dk
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  David I. Bell
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  David I. Bell
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: quat.cal,v 30.2 2013/08/11 08:41:38 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/quat.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:35
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/randbitrun.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: randbitrun.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/randbitrun.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/02/13 03:43:11
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *

cal/randmprime.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * randmprime - generate a random prime of the form h*2^n-1
  *
- * Copyright (C) 1999  Landon Curt Noll
+ * Copyright (C) 1999,2021  Landon Curt Noll
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: randmprime.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/randmprime.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1994/03/14 23:11:21
  * File existed as early as:	1994
  *
@@ -49,9 +45,9 @@ randmprime(bits, seed, dbg)
     local n;		/* n as in h*2^n-1 */
     local h;		/* h as in h*2^n-1 */
     local plush;	/* value added to h since the beginning */
-    local init;		/* initial cpu time */
+    local init;		/* initial CPU time */
-    local start;	/* cpu time before last test */
+    local start;	/* CPU time before last test */
-    local stop;		/* cpu time afte last test */
+    local stop;		/* CPU time after last test */
     local tmp;		/* just a tmp place holder value */
     local ret;		/* h*2^n-1 that is prime */
 

cal/randombitrun.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: randombitrun.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/randombitrun.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/02/13 03:43:11
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *

cal/randomrun.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: randomrun.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/randomrun.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1997/02/19 03:35:59
  * File existed as early as:	1997
  *

cal/randrun.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: randrun.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/randrun.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/02/12 20:00:06
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *

cal/repeat.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: repeat.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/repeat.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2003/01/05 00:00:01
  * File existed as early as:	2003
  *

cal/screen.cal

@@ -3,23 +3,37 @@
  *
  * This file was created by Ernest Bowen <ebowen at une dot edu dot au>.
  *
- * This code has been placed in the public domain.  Please do not
- * copyright this code.
- *
- * ERNEST BOWEN DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH  REGARD  TO
- * THIS	 SOFTWARE,  INCLUDING  ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER-
- * CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL	 LANDON	 CURT
- * NOLL	 BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM  LOSS  OF
- * USE,	 DATA  OR  PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
- * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR  IN
- * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.2 $
- * @(#) $Id: screen.cal,v 30.2 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/screen.cal,v $
- *
  * This file is not covered under version 2.1 of the GNU LGPL.
+ * This file is covered under "The unlicense":
+ *
+ *	https://unlicense.org
+ *
+ * In particular:
+ *
+ * This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+ *
+ * Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+ * distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+ * binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+ * means.
+ *
+ * In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+ * of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+ * software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+ * of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+ * successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+ * relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+ * software under copyright law.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+ * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+ * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
  *
  * Under source code control:	2006/03/08 05:54:09
  * File existed as early as:	2006

cal/seedrandom.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: seedrandom.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/seedrandom.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1996/01/01 08:21:00
  * File existed as early as:	1996
  *

cal/set8700.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: set8700.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/set8700.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2006/05/20 14:10:11
  * File existed as early as:	2006
  *

cal/set8700.line

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ##
 ## set8700 - dotest line tests for the 8700 set of regress.cal
 ##
-## Copyright (C) 2006  Ernest Bowen and Landon Curt Noll
+## Copyright (C) 2006,2021  Ernest Bowen and Landon Curt Noll
 ##
 ## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 ## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
 ## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 ## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 ##
-## @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
-## @(#) $Id: set8700.line,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
-## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/set8700.line,v $
-##
 ## Under source code control:	2006/05/20 14:10:11
 ## File existed as early as:	2006
 ##
@@ -163,7 +159,7 @@ set8700_A = 42, protect(set8700_A,1024), set8700_B = set8700_A, protect(set8700_
 set8700_A = 6 * 7, protect(set8700_A) == 1024
 set8700_A == set8700_B
 
-## Testing matrix protectioon
+## Testing matrix protection
 set8700_A = mat [3] = {1, 2, list(3,4)}; 1
 protect(set8700_A, 65, 1), protect(set8700_A) == 1089
 protect(set8700_A[0]) == 65
@@ -265,7 +261,7 @@ protect(set8700_L[0]) == 0
 protect(set8700_L[1]) == 512		## protect(set8700_A) copied
 protect(set8700_L[1][1]) == 1024	## protect(set8700_A[1]) copied
 
-## Testing list with "intialization"
+## Testing list with "initialization"
 set8700_L = list(1,2,3), protect(set8700_L) == 0
 protect(set8700_L[0]) | protect(set8700_L[1]) | protect(set8700_L[2]) == 0	## All zero
 set8700_L = {1,set8700_A}, set8700_L[1] == set8700_A

cal/solve.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.3 $
- * @(#) $Id: solve.cal,v 30.3 2013/08/11 08:41:38 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/solve.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:37
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/specialfunctions.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * specialfunctions - special functions (e.g.: gamma, zeta, psi)
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.6 $
- * @(#) $Id: specialfunctions.cal,v 30.6 2013/09/01 17:48:27 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/specialfunctions.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */
@@ -446,8 +442,8 @@ define lngamma(z)
 			if (tmp2 < tmp) {
 			    return
 				newerror(strcat
-					 ("lngamma(1): something happend that ",
+					 ("lngamma(1): something happened ",
-					  "should not have happend"));
+					  "that shouldn't have happened"));
 			}
 		    }
 		}
@@ -523,8 +519,8 @@ define lngamma(z)
 			    if (tmp2 < tmp) {
 				return
 				    newerror(strcat
-					     ("lngamma(1): something happend ",
+					     ("lngamma(1): something happened ",
-					      "that should not have happend"));
+					      "that should not have happened"));
 			    }
 			}
 		    }
@@ -580,8 +576,8 @@ define lngamma(z)
 			    if (tmp2 < tmp) {
 				return
 				    newerror(strcat
-					     ("lngamma(1): something happend ",
+					     ("lngamma(1): something happened ",
-					      "that should not have happend"));
+					      "that should not have happened"));
 			    }
 			}
 		    }
@@ -1051,7 +1047,7 @@ define __CZ__ibeta_cf_var_dm(a, b, z, max)
 	}
     }
     if (m > max) {
-	return newerror("ibeta: continous fraction does not converge");
+	return newerror("ibeta: continuous fraction does not converge");
     }
     return f;
 }
@@ -1294,7 +1290,7 @@ define __CZ__erfinvapprox(x)
 	     - (2 / (pi() * a) + (ln(1 - x ^ 2)) / 2));
 }
 
-/* complementary inverse errror function, faster at about x < 1-.91
+/* complementary inverse error function, faster at about x < 1-.91
    Henry E. Fettis. "A stable algorithm for computing the inverse error function
    in the 'tail-end' region" Math. Comp., 28:585-587, 1974.
 */
@@ -1328,7 +1324,7 @@ define __CZ__fettiscf(y, n)
     return t / (1 + r);
 }
 
-/* inverse errror function, faster at about x<=.91*/
+/* inverse error function, faster at about x<=.91*/
 define __CZ__inverfbin(x)
 {
     local places approx flow fhigh eps high low mid fmid epsilon;
@@ -1374,7 +1370,7 @@ define erfinv(x)
 	x = -x;
 	flag = 1;
     }
-    /* No need for full pecision */
+    /* No need for full precision */
     eps = epsilon(1e-20);
     if (eps >= 1e-40) {
 	/* Winitzki, Sergei (6 February 2008). "A handy approximation for the

cal/splitbits.cal

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * splitbits - split an integer into list on bit boundardies of a fixed size
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2018,2023  Landon Curt Noll
+ *
+ * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
+ * distributed with calc under the filename COPYING-LGPL.  You should have
+ * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * Under source code control:	2006/06/07 14:10:11
+ * File existed as early as:	2006
+ *
+ * chongo <was here> /\oo/\	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
+ * Share and enjoy!  :-)	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * setup splitbits errors
+ */
+static E_SPLITBITS_1, E_SPLITBITS_2, E_SPLITBITS_3;
+if (! iserror(E_SPLITBITS_1)) E_SPLITBITS_1 = newerror("1st argument to splitbits must be an integer");
+if (! iserror(E_SPLITBITS_2)) E_SPLITBITS_2 = newerror("2nd argument to splitbits must be an integer");
+if (! iserror(E_SPLITBITS_3)) E_SPLITBITS_3 = newerror("2nd argument must be an integer > 0");
+
+
+/*
+ * define splitbits function
+ */
+define splitbits(x, b)
+{
+    local ret;		/* list to return */
+    local mask;		/* 2^b-1 */
+    local x_is_reg = 0;	/* true if x < 0 */
+
+    /* firewall */
+    if (! isint(x)) {
+	return error(E_SPLITBITS_1);
+    }
+    if (! isint(b)) {
+	return error(E_SPLITBITS_2);
+    }
+    if (b <= 0) {
+	return error(E_SPLITBITS_3);
+    }
+
+    /* special case: x == 0 */
+    if (x == 0) {
+	return list(0);
+    }
+
+    /* setup for splitting x */
+    ret = list();
+    mask = 2^b-1;
+    if (x < 0) {
+	x_is_reg = 1;
+	x = abs(x);
+    }
+
+    /* split x */
+    while (x > 0) {
+	printf("%d %x\n", size(ret), x);
+	if (x_is_reg) {
+	    append(ret, xor(x & mask, mask));
+	} else {
+	    append(ret, x & mask);
+	}
+	x >>= b;
+    }
+
+    /* return list */
+    return ret;
+}

cal/statistics.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * statistics - Some assorted statistics functions.
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2013 Christoph Zurnieden
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2021 Christoph Zurnieden
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.4 $
- * @(#) $Id: statistics.cal,v 30.4 2013/08/18 20:01:53 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/statistics.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2013/08/11 01:31:28
  * File existed as early as:	2013
  */
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@ define invbetainc_slow(x,a,b){
     GW Cran, KJ Martin, GE Thomas,
     Remark AS R19 and Algorithm AS 109:
     A Remark on Algorithms AS 63: The Incomplete Beta Integral
-    and AS 64: Inverse of the Incomplete Beta Integeral,
+    and AS 64: Inverse of the Incomplete Beta integral,
     Applied Statistics,
     Volume 26, Number 1, 1977, pages 111-114.
 
@@ -375,7 +371,7 @@ define normalcdf(x,mu,sigma){
 
 define probit(p){
   if(p<0 || p > 1) return newerror("probit: p out of domain 0<=p<=1");
-  return sqrt(2)*ervinv(2*p-1);
+  return sqrt(2)*erfinv(2*p-1);
 }
 
 define normalcdfinv(p,mu,sigma){

cal/sumsq.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: sumsq.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/sumsq.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:37
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/sumtimes.cal

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
- * sumtimes - runtimes evaluating sums & squares of large lists and mats
+ * sumtimes - runtime evaluating sums & squares of large lists and mats
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2006  Ernest Bowen
+ * Copyright (C) 2006,2021  Ernest Bowen
  *
  * Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  * the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: sumtimes.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/sumtimes.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	2006/06/22 17:29
  * File existed as early as:	2006
  *
@@ -164,7 +160,7 @@ define timehmean(N, M = 10) {
     v2 = hmean(sumtimes_A);
     sumtimes_t2 = usertime();
     print v1, v2;
-    print "List harmonic meanruntimes";
+    print "List harmonic mean runtimes";
     printf('\tStandard "for" loop:\t\t%.4f\n', sumtimes_t1 - sumtimes_t0);
     printf('\tUsing builtin "hmean":\t\t%.4f\n', sumtimes_t2 - sumtimes_t1);
 }

cal/surd.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: surd.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/surd.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1990/02/15 01:50:38
  * File existed as early as:	before 1990
  *

cal/test1700.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: test1700.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/test1700.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1994/03/14 23:12:51
  * File existed as early as:	1994
  *

cal/test2300.cal

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@
  * received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  *
- * @(#) $Revision: 30.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: test2300.cal,v 30.1 2007/03/16 11:09:54 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/bin/calc/cal/RCS/test2300.cal,v $
- *
  * Under source code control:	1995/07/09 06:12:13
  * File existed as early as:	1995
  *