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convert ASCII TABs to ASCII SPACEs
Converted all ASCII tabs to ASCII spaces using a 8 character tab stop, for all files, except for all Makefiles (plus rpm.mk). The `git diff -w` reports no changes.
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174
help/types
174
help/types
@@ -3,116 +3,116 @@ Builtin types
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The calculator has the following built-in types:
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null value
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This is the undefined value type. The function 'null'
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returns this value. Functions which do not explicitly
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return a value return this type. If a function is called
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with fewer parameters than it is defined for, then the
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missing parameters have the null type. The null value is
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false if used in an IF test.
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This is the undefined value type. The function 'null'
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returns this value. Functions which do not explicitly
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return a value return this type. If a function is called
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with fewer parameters than it is defined for, then the
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missing parameters have the null type. The null value is
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false if used in an IF test.
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rational numbers
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This is the basic data type of the calculator.
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These are fractions whose numerators and denominators
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can be arbitrarily large. The fractions are always
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in lowest terms. Integers have a denominator of 1.
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The numerator of the number contains the sign, so that
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the denominator is always positive. When a number is
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entered in floating point or exponential notation, it is
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immediately converted to the appropriate fractional value.
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Printing a value as a floating point or exponential value
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involves a conversion from the fractional representation.
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This is the basic data type of the calculator.
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These are fractions whose numerators and denominators
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can be arbitrarily large. The fractions are always
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in lowest terms. Integers have a denominator of 1.
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The numerator of the number contains the sign, so that
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the denominator is always positive. When a number is
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entered in floating point or exponential notation, it is
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immediately converted to the appropriate fractional value.
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Printing a value as a floating point or exponential value
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involves a conversion from the fractional representation.
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Numbers are stored in binary format, so that in general,
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bit tests and shifts are quicker than multiplies and divides.
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Similarly, entering or displaying of numbers in binary,
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octal, or hex formats is quicker than in decimal. The
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sign of a number does not affect the bit representation
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of a number.
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Numbers are stored in binary format, so that in general,
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bit tests and shifts are quicker than multiplies and divides.
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Similarly, entering or displaying of numbers in binary,
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octal, or hex formats is quicker than in decimal. The
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sign of a number does not affect the bit representation
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of a number.
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complex numbers
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Complex numbers are composed of real and imaginary parts,
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which are both fractions as defined above. An integer which
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is followed by an 'i' character is a pure imaginary number.
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Complex numbers such as "2+3i" when typed in, are processed
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as the sum of a real and pure imaginary number, resulting
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in the desired complex number. Therefore, parenthesis are
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sometimes necessary to avoid confusion, as in the two values:
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Complex numbers are composed of real and imaginary parts,
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which are both fractions as defined above. An integer which
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is followed by an 'i' character is a pure imaginary number.
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Complex numbers such as "2+3i" when typed in, are processed
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as the sum of a real and pure imaginary number, resulting
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in the desired complex number. Therefore, parenthesis are
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sometimes necessary to avoid confusion, as in the two values:
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1+2i ^2 (which is -3)
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(1+2i) ^2 (which is -3+4i)
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1+2i ^2 (which is -3)
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(1+2i) ^2 (which is -3+4i)
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Similar care is required when entering fractional complex
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numbers. Note the differences below:
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Similar care is required when entering fractional complex
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numbers. Note the differences below:
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3/4i (which is -(3/4)i)
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3i/4 (which is (3/4)i)
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3/4i (which is -(3/4)i)
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3i/4 (which is (3/4)i)
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The imaginary unit itself is input using "1i".
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The imaginary unit itself is input using "1i".
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strings
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Strings are a sequence of zero or more characters.
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They are input using either of the single or double
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quote characters. The quote mark which starts the
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string also ends it. Various special characters can
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also be inserted using back-slash. Example strings:
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Strings are a sequence of zero or more characters.
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They are input using either of the single or double
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quote characters. The quote mark which starts the
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string also ends it. Various special characters can
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also be inserted using back-slash. Example strings:
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"hello\n"
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"that's all"
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'lots of """"'
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'a'
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""
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"hello\n"
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"that's all"
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'lots of """"'
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'a'
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""
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There is no distinction between single character and
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multi-character strings. The 'str' and 'ord' functions
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will convert between a single character string and its
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numeric value. The 'str' and 'eval' functions will
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convert between longer strings and the corresponding
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numeric value (if legal). The 'strcat', 'strlen', and
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'substr' functions are also useful.
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There is no distinction between single character and
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multi-character strings. The 'str' and 'ord' functions
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will convert between a single character string and its
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numeric value. The 'str' and 'eval' functions will
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convert between longer strings and the corresponding
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numeric value (if legal). The 'strcat', 'strlen', and
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'substr' functions are also useful.
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matrices
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These are one to four dimensional matrices, whose minimum
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and maximum bounds can be specified at runtime. Unlike C,
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the minimum bounds of a matrix do not have to start at 0.
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The elements of a matrix can be of any type. There are
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several built-in functions for matrices. Matrices are
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created using the 'mat' statement.
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These are one to four dimensional matrices, whose minimum
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and maximum bounds can be specified at runtime. Unlike C,
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the minimum bounds of a matrix do not have to start at 0.
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The elements of a matrix can be of any type. There are
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several built-in functions for matrices. Matrices are
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created using the 'mat' statement.
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associations
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These are one to four dimensional matrices which can be
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indexed by arbitrary values, instead of just integers.
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These are also known as associative arrays. The elements of
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an association can be of any type. Very few operations are
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permitted on an association except for indexing. Associations
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are created using the 'assoc' function.
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These are one to four dimensional matrices which can be
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indexed by arbitrary values, instead of just integers.
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These are also known as associative arrays. The elements of
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an association can be of any type. Very few operations are
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permitted on an association except for indexing. Associations
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are created using the 'assoc' function.
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lists
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These are a sequence of values, which are linked together
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so that elements can be easily be inserted or removed
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anywhere in the list. The values can be of any type.
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Lists are created using the 'list' function.
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These are a sequence of values, which are linked together
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so that elements can be easily be inserted or removed
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anywhere in the list. The values can be of any type.
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Lists are created using the 'list' function.
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files
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These are text files opened using stdio. Files may be opened
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for sequential reading, writing, or appending. Opening a
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file using the 'fopen' function returns a value which can
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then be used to perform I/O to that file. File values can
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be copied by normal assignments between variables, or by
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using the result of the 'files' function. Such copies are
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indistinguishable from each other.
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These are text files opened using stdio. Files may be opened
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for sequential reading, writing, or appending. Opening a
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file using the 'fopen' function returns a value which can
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then be used to perform I/O to that file. File values can
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be copied by normal assignments between variables, or by
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using the result of the 'files' function. Such copies are
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indistinguishable from each other.
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The calculator also has a number of special types that as used
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by some special builtin functions:
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rand
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A subtractive 100 shuffle pseudo-random number generator
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state. This state is used by functions such as isrand()
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and srand().
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A subtractive 100 shuffle pseudo-random number generator
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state. This state is used by functions such as isrand()
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and srand().
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random
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A Blum-Blum-Shub pseudo-random number generator state.
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This state is used by functions such as israndom() and
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srandom().
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A Blum-Blum-Shub pseudo-random number generator state.
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This state is used by functions such as israndom() and
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srandom().
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## Copyright (C) 1999,2018 Landon Curt Noll
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##
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@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Builtin types
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##
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## Calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
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## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General
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## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General
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## Public License for more details.
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##
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## A copy of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License is
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@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ Builtin types
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## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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## 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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##
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## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:24
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## File existed as early as: 1991
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## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:24
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## File existed as early as: 1991
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##
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## chongo <was here> /\oo/\ http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
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## Share and enjoy! :-) http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
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## chongo <was here> /\oo/\ http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
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## Share and enjoy! :-) http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/
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