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Release calc version 2.12.0.3

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This commit is contained in:
Landon Curt Noll
2006-06-11 00:54:41 -07:00
parent 9d62873a02
commit bd3086138b
43 changed files with 2651 additions and 829 deletions
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28
help/address
View File

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
&X with that component or element depends only on the continued existence
of the matrix or object. For example, after
> mat A[3]
; mat A[3]
the addresses &A[0], &A[1], &A[2] locate the three elements
of the matrix specified by A until another value is assigned to A, etc.
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ DESCRIPTION
results refer to octets in the same block or existing components of the
same matrix or object. For example, immediately after
> mat A[10]
> p = &A[5]
; mat A[10]
; p = &A[5]
it is permitted to use expressions like p + 4, p - 5, p++ .
Strings defined literally have fixed addresses, e.g., after
> p = &"abc"
> A = "abc"
; p = &"abc"
; A = "abc"
the address &*A of the value of A will be equal to p.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
be useable only while the variables retain these defined values.
For example, after
> B = C = strcat("a", "bc");
; B = C = strcat("a", "bc");
&*B and &*C will be different. If p is defined by p = &*B, p should
not be used after a new value is assigned to B, or B ceases to exist,
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
so long as the number remains associated with at least one function or
lvalue. For example, after
> x = 27;
> y = 3 * 9;
> define f(a) = 27 + a;
; x = 27;
; y = 3 * 9;
; define f(a) = 27 + a;
the three occurrences of 27 have the same address which may be displayed
by any of &27, &*x, &*y and &f(0). If x and y are assigned
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
non-zero value for a will be assigned to different addresses as can be
seen from printing &*A, &*B, &*C after
> A = f(2); B = f(2); C = f(2);
; A = f(2); B = f(2); C = f(2);
(the case of f(0) is exceptional since 27 + 0 simply copies the 27
rather than creating a new number value). Here it is clearly more
efficient to use
> A = B = C = f(2);
; A = B = C = f(2);
which, not only performs the addition in f() only once, but stores the
number values for A, B and C at the same address.
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
dereference, isptr
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: address,v 29.4 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: address,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/address,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1997/09/06 20:03:34

57
help/blkcpy
View File

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TYPES
DESCRIPTION
A call to:
blkcpy(dst, src, num, dsi, ssi)
blkcpy(dst, src, num, dsi, ssi)
attempts to copy 'num' consecutive items (octets or values) starting
from the source item 'src' with index 'ssi'. By default, 'num'
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
A call to:
copy(src, dst, ssi, num, dsi)
copy(src, dst, ssi, num, dsi)
does the same thing, but with a different arg order.
@@ -40,30 +40,30 @@ DESCRIPTION
The following pairs of source-type, destination-type are permitted:
block to
int
block
matrix
file
block to
int
block
matrix
file
matrix to
block
matrix
list
matrix to
block
matrix
list
string to
block
file
string to
block
file
list to
list
matrix
list to
list
matrix
file to
block
file to
block
int to
block
int to
block
In the above table, int refers to integer values. However if a
rational value is supplied, only the numerator is copied.
@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
sufficient memory allocated for the copying. For example, to copy
a matrix M of size 100 to a newly created list, one may use:
L = makelist(100);
copy(M, L);
; L = makelist(100);
; copy(M, L);
or:
L = makelist(100);
blkcpy(L, M);
; L = makelist(100);
; blkcpy(L, M);
For copying from a block B (named or unnamed), the total number of octets
available for copying is taken to the the datalen for that block,
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ EXAMPLE
; B
chunksize = 256, maxsize = 256, datalen = 4
01020304
>
; blkcpy(B,A)
; B
chunksize = 256, maxsize = 256, datalen = 8
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
blk, mat, file, list, str
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -207,8 +206,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: blkcpy,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: blkcpy,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/blkcpy,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1997/04/05 14:08:50

12
help/calc_tty
View File

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
may occur when activity is resumed by an fg command after a ctrl-Z
interrupt, or by any of the three commands:
> !stty echo
> !stty -cbreak
> !stty echo -cbreak
; !stty echo
; !stty -cbreak
; !stty echo -cbreak
EXAMPLE
; calc_tty();
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
none
## Copyright (C) 2000 Ernest Bowen
## Copyright (C) 2000-2006 Ernest Bowen
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.2 $
## @(#) $Id: calc_tty,v 29.2 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: calc_tty,v 29.3 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/calc_tty,v $
##
## Under source code control: 2000/12/14 01:33:00

296
help/command
View File

@@ -19,26 +19,26 @@ Command sequence
define function(params) { body }
define function(params) = expression
This first form defines a full function which can consist
of declarations followed by many statements which implement
the function.
This first form defines a full function which can consist
of declarations followed by many statements which implement
the function.
The second form defines a simple function which calculates
the specified expression value from the specified parameters.
The expression cannot be a statement. However, the comma
and question mark operators can be useful. Examples of
simple functions are:
The second form defines a simple function which calculates
the specified expression value from the specified parameters.
The expression cannot be a statement. However, the comma
and question mark operators can be useful. Examples of
simple functions are:
define sumcubes(a, b) = a^3 + b^3
define pimod(a) = a % pi()
define printnum(a, n, p)
{
if (p == 0) {
print a: "^": n, "=", a^n;
} else {
print a: "^": n, "mod", p, "=", pmod(a,n,p);
}
define sumcubes(a, b) = a^3 + b^3
define pimod(a) = a % pi()
define printnum(a, n, p)
{
if (p == 0) {
print a: "^": n, "=", a^n;
} else {
print a: "^": n, "mod", p, "=", pmod(a,n,p);
}
}
read calc commands
@@ -48,45 +48,45 @@ Command sequence
read filename
read -once filename
This reads definitions from the specified calc resource filename.
This reads definitions from the specified calc resource filename.
In the 1st and 2nd forms, if var is a global variable string
value, then the value of that variable is used as a filename.
In the 1st and 2nd forms, if var is a global variable string
value, then the value of that variable is used as a filename.
The following is equivalent to read lucas.cal or read "lucas.cal":
The following is equivalent to read lucas.cal or read "lucas.cal":
global var = "lucas.cal";
read $var;
global var = "lucas.cal";
read $var;
In the 3rd or 4th forms, the filename argument is treated
as a literal string, not a variable. In these forms, the
name can be quoted if desired.
In the 3rd or 4th forms, the filename argument is treated
as a literal string, not a variable. In these forms, the
name can be quoted if desired.
The calculator uses the CALCPATH environment variable to
search through the specified directories for the filename,
similarly to the use of the PATH environment variable.
If CALCPATH is not defined, then a default path which is
usually ":/usr/local/lib/calc" is used.
The calculator uses the CALCPATH environment variable to
search through the specified directories for the filename,
similarly to the use of the PATH environment variable.
If CALCPATH is not defined, then a default path which is
usually ":/usr/local/lib/calc" is used.
The ".cal" extension is defaulted for input files, so that
if "filename" is not found, then "filename.cal" is then
searched for. The contents of the filename are command
sequences which can consist of expressions to evaluate or
functions to define, just like at the top level command level.
The ".cal" extension is defaulted for input files, so that
if "filename" is not found, then "filename.cal" is then
searched for. The contents of the filename are command
sequences which can consist of expressions to evaluate or
functions to define, just like at the top level command level.
When -once is given, the read command acts like the regular
read expect that it will ignore filename if is has been
previously read.
When -once is given, the read command acts like the regular
read expect that it will ignore filename if is has been
previously read.
The read -once form is particularly useful in a resource
file that needs to read a 2nd resource file. By using the
READ -once command, one will not reread that 2nd resource
file, nor will once risk entering into a infinite READ loop
(where that 2nd resource file directly or indirectly does
a READ of the first resource file).
The read -once form is particularly useful in a resource
file that needs to read a 2nd resource file. By using the
READ -once command, one will not reread that 2nd resource
file, nor will once risk entering into a infinite READ loop
(where that 2nd resource file directly or indirectly does
a READ of the first resource file).
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for reading,
this command will be disabled.
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for reading,
this command will be disabled.
write calc commands
@@ -94,29 +94,29 @@ Command sequence
write $var
write filename
This writes the values of all global variables to the
specified filename, in such a way that the file can be
later read in order to recreate the variable values.
For speed reasons, values are written as hex fractions.
This command currently only saves simple types, so that
matrices, lists, and objects are not saved. Function
definitions are also not saved.
This writes the values of all global variables to the
specified filename, in such a way that the file can be
later read in order to recreate the variable values.
For speed reasons, values are written as hex fractions.
This command currently only saves simple types, so that
matrices, lists, and objects are not saved. Function
definitions are also not saved.
In the 1st form, if var is a global variable string
value, then the value of that variable is used as a filename.
In the 1st form, if var is a global variable string
value, then the value of that variable is used as a filename.
The following is equivalent to write dump.out or
write "dump.out":
The following is equivalent to write dump.out or
write "dump.out":
global var = "dump.out";
write $var;
global var = "dump.out";
write $var;
In the 2nd form, the filename argument is treated as a literal
string, not a variable. In this form, the name can be quoted
if desired.
In the 2nd form, the filename argument is treated as a literal
string, not a variable. In this form, the name can be quoted
if desired.
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for writing,
this command will be disabled.
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for writing,
this command will be disabled.
quit or exit
@@ -126,36 +126,35 @@ Command sequence
exit
exit string
The action of these commands depends on where they are used.
At the interactive level, they will cause calc it edit.
This is the normal way to leave the calculator. In any
other use, they will stop the current calculation as if
an error had occurred.
The action of these commands depends on where they are used.
At the interactive level, they will cause calc it edit.
This is the normal way to leave the calculator. In any
other use, they will stop the current calculation as if
an error had occurred.
If a string is given, then the string is printed as the reason
for quitting, otherwise a general quit message is printed.
The routine name and line number which executed the quit is
also printed in either case.
If a string is given, then the string is printed as the reason
for quitting, otherwise a general quit message is printed.
The routine name and line number which executed the quit is
also printed in either case.
Exit is an alias for quit.
Exit is an alias for quit.
Quit is useful when a routine detects invalid arguments,
in order to stop a calculation cleanly. For example,
for a square root routine, an error can be given if the
supplied parameter was a negative number, as in:
Quit is useful when a routine detects invalid arguments,
in order to stop a calculation cleanly. For example,
for a square root routine, an error can be given if the
supplied parameter was a negative number, as in:
define mysqrt(n)
{
if (! isnum(n))
quit "non-numeric argument";
if (n < 0)
quit "Negative argument";
return sqrt(n);
}
See 'more information about abort and quit' below for
more information.
define mysqrt(n)
{
if (! isnum(n))
quit "non-numeric argument";
if (n < 0)
quit "Negative argument";
return sqrt(n);
}
See 'more information about abort and quit' below for
more information.
abort
@@ -163,12 +162,12 @@ Command sequence
abort
abort string
This command behaves like QUIT except that it will attempt
to return to the interactive level if permitted, otherwise
calc exit.
This command behaves like QUIT except that it will attempt
to return to the interactive level if permitted, otherwise
calc exit.
See 'more information about abort and quit' below for
more information.
See 'more information about abort and quit' below for
more information.
change current directory
@@ -176,45 +175,45 @@ Command sequence
cd
cd dir
Change the current directory to 'dir'. If 'dir' is ommitted,
change the current directory to the home directory, if $HOME
is set in the environment.
Change the current directory to 'dir'. If 'dir' is ommitted,
change the current directory to the home directory, if $HOME
is set in the environment.
show information
----------------
show item
This command displays some information where 'item' is
one of the following:
This command displays some information where 'item' is
one of the following:
blocks unfreed named blocks
builtin built in functions
config config parameters and values
constants cache of numeric constants
custom custom functions if calc -C was used
errors new error-values created
files open files, file position and sizes
function user-defined functions
globaltypes global variables
objfunctions possible object functions
objtypes defined objects
opcodes func internal opcodes for function `func'
sizes size in octets of calc value types
realglobals numeric global variables
statics unscoped static variables
numbers calc number cache
redcdata REDC data defined
strings calc string cache
literals calc literal cache
blocks unfreed named blocks
builtin built in functions
config config parameters and values
constants cache of numeric constants
custom custom functions if calc -C was used
errors new error-values created
files open files, file position and sizes
function user-defined functions
globaltypes global variables
objfunctions possible object functions
objtypes defined objects
opcodes func internal opcodes for function `func'
sizes size in octets of calc value types
realglobals numeric global variables
statics unscoped static variables
numbers calc number cache
redcdata REDC data defined
strings calc string cache
literals calc literal cache
Only the first 4 characters of item are examined, so:
Only the first 4 characters of item are examined, so:
show globals
show global
show glob
show globals
show global
show glob
do the same thing.
do the same thing.
calc help
@@ -222,25 +221,24 @@ Command sequence
help $var
help name
This displays a help related to 'name' or general
help of none is given.
This displays a help related to 'name' or general
help of none is given.
In the 1st form, if var is a global variable string
value, then the value of that variable is used as a name.
In the 1st form, if var is a global variable string
value, then the value of that variable is used as a name.
The following is equivalent to help command or help "command":
The following is equivalent to help command or help "command":
global var = "command";
help $var;
global var = "command";
help $var;
In the 2nd form, the filename argument is treated as a literal
string, not a variable. In this form, the name can be quoted
if desired.
In the 2nd form, the filename argument is treated as a literal
string, not a variable. In this form, the name can be quoted
if desired.
=-=
more information about abort and quit
=====================================
@@ -291,7 +289,7 @@ Command sequence
after statment #1
start statment #2
abort from a()
> <==== calc interactive prompt
; <==== calc interactive prompt
because the '-i' calc causes ABORT to drop into an
interactive prompt. However typing a QUIT or ABORT
@@ -321,21 +319,21 @@ Command sequence
If one were to type in the contents of myfile.cal interactively,
calc will produce:
> print "start of myfile.cal";
; print "start of myfile.cal";
start of myfile.cal
> define q() {quit "quit from q()"; print "end of q()"}
; define q() {quit "quit from q()"; print "end of q()"}
q() defined
> define a() {abort "abort from a()"}
; define a() {abort "abort from a()"}
a() defined
> x = 3;
> {print "start #1"; if (x > 1) q()} print "after #1";
; x = 3;
; {print "start #1"; if (x > 1) q()} print "after #1";
start statment #1
quit from q()
after statment #1
> {print "start #2"; if (x > 1) a()} print "after #2";
; {print "start #2"; if (x > 1) a()} print "after #2";
start statment #2
abort from a()
> {print "start #3"; if (x > 1) quit "quit from 3rd statement"}
; {print "start #3"; if (x > 1) quit "quit from 3rd statement"}
start #3
quit from 3rd statement
@@ -345,16 +343,14 @@ Command sequence
The QUIT (after the if (x > 1) ...) will cause calc to exit
because it was given at the interactive prompt level.
=-=
Also see the help topic:
statement flow control and declaration statements
usage how to invoke the calc command and calc -options
statement flow control and declaration statements
usage how to invoke the calc command and calc -options
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -370,8 +366,8 @@ Command sequence
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: command,v 29.3 2006/05/20 10:01:33 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: command,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/command,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:17

195
help/config
View File

@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
Configuration parameters
NAME
config - configuration parameters
Configuration parameters affect how the calculator performs certain
SYNOPSIS
config(parameter [,value])
TYPES
parameter string
value int, string, config state
return config state
DESCRIPTION
The config() builtin affects how the calculator performs certain
operations. Among features that are controlled by these parameters
are the accuracy of some calculations, the displayed format of results,
the choice from possible alternative algorithms, and whether or not
debugging information is displayed. The parameters are
read or set using the "config" built-in function; they remain in effect
until their values are changed by a config or equivalent instruction.
The following parameters can be specified:
"all" all configuration values listed below
@@ -53,6 +65,7 @@ Configuration parameters
"compile_custom" TRUE=>calc was compiled with custom functions
"allow_custom" TRUE=>custom functions are enabled
"version" Read-only calc version
"baseb" bits in calculation base, a read-only value
The "all" config value allows one to save/restore the configuration
set of values. The return of:
@@ -120,9 +133,6 @@ Configuration parameters
config("tilde", 0) disable roundoff tilde printing
config("tab", "off") disable leading tab printing
Detailed config descriptions
=-=
config("trace", bitflag)
@@ -254,16 +264,36 @@ Detailed config descriptions
runs in a time of O(N^2). The second method is a recursive and
complicated method which runs in a time of O(N^1.585). The argument
for these parameters is the number of binary words at which the
second algorithm begins to be used. The minimum value is 2, and
second algorithm begins to be used. The minimum value is 2, and
the maximum value is very large. If 2 is used, then the recursive
algorithm is used all the way down to single digits, which becomes
slow since the recursion overhead is high. If a number such as
1000000 is used, then the recursive algorithm is never used, causing
calculations for large numbers to slow down. For a typical example
on a 386, the two algorithms are about equal in speed for a value
of 20, which is about 100 decimal digits. A value of zero resets
the parameter back to its default value. Usually there is no need
to change these parameters.
1000000 is used, then the recursive algorithm is almost never used,
causing calculations for large numbers to slow down.
Units refer to internal calculation digits where each digit
is BASEB bits in length. The value of BASEB is returned by
config("baseb").
The default value for config("sq2") is 3388. This default was
established on a 1.8GHz AMD 32-bit CPU of ~3406 BogoMIPS when
the two algorithms are about equal in speed. For that CPU test,
config("baseb") was 32. This means that by default numbers up to
(3388*32)+31 = 108447 bits in length (< 32645 decinal digits) use
the 1st algorithm, for squaring.
The default value for config("mul2") is 1780. This default was
established on a 1.8GHz AMD 32-bit CPU of ~3406 BogoMIPS when
the two algorithms are about equal in speed. For that CPU test,
config("baseb") was 32. This means that by default numbers up to
(1779*32)+31 = 56927 bits in length (< 17137 decinal digits) use
the 1st algorithm, for multiplication.
A value of zero resets the parameter back to their default values.
The value of 1 and values < 0 are reserved for future use.
Usually there is no need to change these parameters.
=-=
@@ -277,6 +307,23 @@ Detailed config descriptions
which avoids divisions. The argument for pow2 is the size of the
modulus at which the second algorithm begins to be used.
Units refer to internal calculation digits where each digit
is BASEB bits in length. The value of BASEB is returned by
config("baseb").
The default value for config("pow2") is 176. This default was
established on a 1.8GHz AMD 32-bit CPU of ~3406 BogoMIPS when
the two algorithms are about equal in speed. For that CPU test,
config("baseb") was 32. This means that by default numbers up to
(176*32)+31 = 5663 bits in length (< 1704 decinal digits) use the
1st algorithm, for calculating powers modulo another number.
A value of zero resets the parameter back to their default values.
The value of 1 and values < 0 are reserved for future use.
Usually there is no need to change these parameters.
=-=
config("redc2", int)
@@ -289,6 +336,23 @@ Detailed config descriptions
O(N^1.585). The argument for redc2 is the size of the modulus at
which the second algorithm begins to be used.
Units refer to internal calculation digits where each digit
is BASEB bits in length. The value of BASEB is returned by
config("baseb").
The default value for config("redc2") is 220. This default was
established as 5/4 (the historical ratio of config("pow2") to
config("pow2")) of the config("pow2") value. This means that if
config("baseb") is 32, then by default numbers up to (220*32)+31 =
7071 bits in length (< 2128 decinal digits) use the REDC algorithm,
for calculating powers modulo another number.
A value of zero resets the parameter back to their default values.
The value of 1 and values < 0 are reserved for future use.
Usually there is no need to change these parameters.
=-=
config("tilde", boolean)
@@ -560,11 +624,12 @@ Detailed config descriptions
3 During execution, allow calc standard resource files
to output additional debugging information.
The value for config("resource_debug") in both oldstd and newstd is 3,
but if calc is invoked with the -d flag, its initial value is zero.
Thus, if calc is started without the -d flag, until config("resource_debug")
is changed, a message will be output when a function is defined
either interactively or during the reading of a file.
The value for config("resource_debug") in both oldstd and newstd
is 3, but if calc is invoked with the -d flag, its initial value
is zero. Thus, if calc is started without the -d flag, until
config("resource_debug") is changed, a message will be output when
a function is defined either interactively or during the reading of
a file.
The name config("lib_debug") is equivalent to config("resource_debug")
and is included for backward compatibility.
@@ -601,7 +666,7 @@ Detailed config descriptions
A quit of abort without an argument does not display a message when
invoked at the interactive level.
By deafult, "verbose_quit" is false.
By default, "verbose_quit" is false.
=-=
@@ -756,7 +821,95 @@ Detailed config descriptions
This config parameter is read-only and cannot be set.
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
=-=
config("baseb") <== NOTE: This is a read-only config value
Returns the number of bits in the fundamental base in which
internal calculations are performed. For example, a value of
32 means that calc will perform many internal calculations in
base 2^32 with digits that are 32 bits in length.
For libcalc programmers, this is the value of BASEB as defined
in the zmath.h header file.
This config parameter is read-only and cannot be set.
EXAMPLE
; current_cfg = config("all");
; config("tilde", off),;
; config("calc_debug", 15),;
; config("all") == current_cfg
0
; config("all", current_cfg),;
; config("all") == current_cfg
1
; config("version")
"2.12.0"
; config("all")
mode "real"
mode2 "off"
display 20
epsilon 0.00000000000000000001
trace 0
maxprint 16
mul2 20
sq2 20
pow2 40
redc2 50
tilde 1
tab 1
quomod 0
quo 2
mod 0
sqrt 24
appr 24
cfappr 0
cfsim 8
outround 24
round 24
leadzero 1
fullzero 0
maxscan 20
prompt "; "
more ";; "
blkmaxprint 256
blkverbose 0
blkbase "hexadecimal"
blkfmt "hd_style"
resource_debug 3
lib_debug 3
calc_debug 0
user_debug 0
verbose_quit 0
ctrl_d "virgin_eof"
program "calc"
basename "calc"
windows 0
cygwin 0
compile_custom 1
allow_custom 0
version "2.12.0"
baseb 32
; display()
20
; config("display", 50),;
; display()
50
LIMITS
none
LINK LIBRARY
n/a
SEE ALSO
usage, custom, custom_cal, usage, epsilon, display
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -772,8 +925,8 @@ Detailed config descriptions
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.10 $
## @(#) $Id: config,v 29.10 2004/07/27 23:45:52 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.15 $
## @(#) $Id: config,v 29.15 2006/06/11 07:22:05 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/config,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:17

56
help/define
View File

@@ -30,17 +30,17 @@ DESCRIPTION
For example, suppose a function f and a global variable A have been
defined by:
define f(x) = (x = 3);
global mat A[3];
; define f(x) = (x = 3);
; global mat A[3];
If g() is a function that evaluates to 2:
f(A[g()]);
; f(A[g()]);
assigns the value of A[2] to the parameter x and then assigns the
value 3 to x:
f(`A[g()]);
; f(`A[g()]);
has essentially the effect of assigning A[2] as an lvalue to x and
then assigning the value 3 to A[2]. (Very old versions of calc
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
If the expr is omitted from an expression definition, as in:
define h() = ;
; define h() = ;
any call to the function will evaluate the arguments and return the
null value.
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
After fname has been defined, the definition may be removed by the command:
undefine fname
; undefine fname
The definitions of all user-defined functions may be removed by:
undefine *
; undefine *
If bit 0 of config("resource_debug") is set and the define command is
at interactive level, a message saying that fname has been defined
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
The identifiers used for the parameters in a function definition do
not form part of the completed definition. For example,
define f(a,b) = a + b;
define g(alpha, beta) = alpha + beta;
; define f(a,b) = a + b;
; define g(alpha, beta) = alpha + beta;
result in identical code for the functions f, g.
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
function are displayed on completion of its definition, parameters
being specified by names used in the definition. For example:
> config("trace", 8),
> define f(a,b) = a + b
; config("trace", 8),
; define f(a,b) = a + b
0: PARAMADDR a
2: PARAMADDR b
4: ADD
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
The opcodes may also be displayed later using the show opcodes command;
parameters will be specified by indices instead of by names. For example:
> show opco f
; show opco f
0: PARAMADDR 0
2: PARAMADDR 1
4: ADD
@@ -168,19 +168,19 @@ DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
; define f(a,b) = 2*a + b;
; define g(alpha, beta)
>> {
>> local a, pi2;
>>
>> pi2 = 2 * pi();
>> a = sin(alpha % pi2);
>> if (a > 0.0) {
>> return a*beta;
>> }
>> if (beta > 0.0) {
>> a *= cos(-beta % pi2);
>> }
>> return a;
>> }
;; {
;; local a, pi2;
;;
;; pi2 = 2 * pi();
;; a = sin(alpha % pi2);
;; if (a > 0.0) {
;; return a*beta;
;; }
;; if (beta > 0.0) {
;; a *= cos(-beta % pi2);
;; }
;; return a;
;; }
LIMITS
The number of arguments in a function-call cannot exceed 100.
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
param, variable, undefine, show
## Copyright (C) 2000 David I. Bell, Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
## Copyright (C) 2000-2006 David I. Bell, Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: define,v 29.4 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: define,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/define,v $
##
##

19
help/dereference
View File

@@ -33,16 +33,17 @@ DESCRIPTION
structure rather than the structure identified by X. For example,
suppose B has been created by
mat B[3] = {1,2,3}
; mat B[3] = {1,2,3}
then
A = *B = {4,5,6}
; A = *B = {4,5,6}
will assign the values 4,5,6 to the elements of a copy of B, which
will then become the value of A, so that the values of A and B will
be different. On the other hand,
A = B = {4,5,6}
; A = B = {4,5,6}
will result in A and B having the same value.
@@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
The * operator may be iterated with suitable sequences of pointer-valued
lvalues. For example, after
> global a, b, c;
> b = &a;
> c = &b;
; global a, b, c;
; b = &a;
; c = &b;
**c returns the lvalue a; ***c returns the value of a.
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
address, isptr
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: dereference,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: dereference,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/dereference,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1997/09/06 20:03:34

28
help/digit
View File

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
left of the "decimal" point; the digit d_n at position n contributes
additively d_n * b^n to the value of x. For example,
d_2 d_1 d_0 . d_-1 d_-2
; d_2 d_1 d_0 . d_-1 d_-2
represents the number
d_2 * b^2 + d_1 * b + d0 + d_-1 * b^-1 + d_-2 * b^-2
; d_2 * b^2 + d_1 * b + d0 + d_-1 * b^-1 + d_-2 * b^-2
The sequence of digits has to be infinite if den(x) has a prime factor
which is not a factor of the base b. In cases where the representation
@@ -53,30 +53,30 @@ DESCRIPTION
With base-b digits for x as explained above, the integer whose base-b
representation is
b_n+k-1 b_n_k-2 ... b_n,
; b_n+k-1 b_n_k-2 ... b_n,
i.e. the k digits with last digit b_n, is given by
digit(b^-r * x, q, b^k)
; digit(b^-r * x, q, b^k)
if r and q satisfy n = q * b + r.
EXAMPLE
> a = 123456.789
> for (n = 6; n >= -6; n++) print digit(a, n),; print
; a = 123456.789
; for (n = 6; n >= -6; n++) print digit(a, n),; print
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0
> for (n = 6; n >= -6; n--) print digit(a, n, 100),; print
; for (n = 6; n >= -6; n--) print digit(a, n, 100),; print
0 0 0 0 12 34 56 78 90 0 0 0 0
> for (n = 6; n >= -6; n--) print digit(a, n, 256),; print
; for (n = 6; n >= -6; n--) print digit(a, n, 256),; print
0 0 0 0 1 226 64 201 251 231 108 139 67
> for (n = 1; n >= -12; n++) print digit(10/7, n),; print
> 0 1 4 2 8 5 7 1 4 2 8 5 7 1
; for (n = 1; n >= -12; n++) print digit(10/7, n),; print
; 0 1 4 2 8 5 7 1 4 2 8 5 7 1
> print digit(10/7, -7e1000, 1e6)
; print digit(10/7, -7e1000, 1e6)
428571
LIMITS
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
bit
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: digit,v 29.4 2000/12/17 12:27:58 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: digit,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/digit,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1995/10/03 10:40:01

5
help/environment
View File

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ Environment variables
The CALCBINDINGS file searches the CALCPATH as well.
CALCRC
On startup (unless -h or -q was given on the command
@@ -105,8 +104,8 @@ Environment variables
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: environment,v 29.4 2006/05/07 07:22:20 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: environment,v 29.5 2006/06/10 13:01:09 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/environment,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1991/07/23 05:47:25

8
help/fgetfield
View File

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EXAMPLE
; fgetfield(f)
"Beta"
; fgetfield(f)
>
; freopen(f, "w")
; fputstr(f, " Alpha ", "Beta")
; freopen(f, "r")
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
fgetstr, fputstr, fgets, fputs, fopen, files, fprintf
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: fgetfield,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: fgetfield,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/fgetfield,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/04/30 03:05:17

7
help/fgetstr
View File

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ EXAMPLE
"Gamma
Delta"
; fgetstr(f)
>
LIMITS
none - XXX - is this correct?
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
fputstr, fgetword, fgets, fputs, fopen, files, fprintf
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -63,8 +62,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: fgetstr,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: fgetstr,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/fgetstr,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/04/30 03:05:17

16
help/files
View File

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ DESCRIPTION
is assumed to be an open file opened in an unknown mode. Calc
will try to read and write to this file when directed.
Consider the following commands:
Consider the following commands shell commands:
$ echo "A line of text in the file on descriptor 5" > datafile
$ calc 5<datafile
echo "A line of text in the file on descriptor 5" > datafile
calc 5<datafile
then one could do the following:
> files(5)
; files(5)
FILE 5 "descriptor[5]" (unknown_mode, pos 0)
> fgetline(files(5))
; fgetline(files(5))
"A line of text in the file on descriptor 5"
EXAMPLE
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ SEE ALSO
errno, fclose, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetline, fgets, files, fopen,
fprintf, fputc, fputs, fseek, fsize, ftell, isfile, printf, prompt
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: files,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: files,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/files,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1995/03/04 11:33:19

8
help/fputstr
View File

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ EXAMPLE
; fgetstr(f)
"Beta"
; fgetstr(f)
>
; fputstr(f, "Gamma")
Error 72
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
fgetstr, fgetfield, fgets, fputs, fopen, files, fprintf
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: fputstr,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: fputstr,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/fputstr,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/04/30 03:05:18

7
help/freeredc
View File

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ EXAMPLE
1 2 15
; freeredc()
; show redc
>
LIMITS
none
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
free, freeglobals, freestatics
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: freeredc,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: freeredc,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/freeredc,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1997/09/06 20:03:35

38
help/indices
View File

@@ -26,26 +26,26 @@ DESCRIPTION
double-bracket index of the item found.
EXAMPLE
> mat M[2,3,1:5]
; mat M[2,3,1:5]
> indices(M, 11)
list (3 elements, 2 nonzero):
[[0]] = 0
[[1]] = 2
[[2]] = 2
; indices(M, 11)
list (3 elements, 2 nonzero):
[[0]] = 0
[[1]] = 2
[[2]] = 2
> A = assoc();
; A = assoc();
> A["cat", "dog"] = "fight";
> A[2,3,5,7] = "primes";
> A["square", 3] = 9
; A["cat", "dog"] = "fight";
; A[2,3,5,7] = "primes";
; A["square", 3] = 9
> indices(A, search(A, "primes"))
list (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[[0]] = 2
[[1]] = 3
[[2]] = 5
[[3]] = 7
; indices(A, search(A, "primes"))
list (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[[0]] = 2
[[1]] = 3
[[2]] = 5
[[3]] = 7
LIMITS
abs(index) < 2^31
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
assoc, mat
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.2 $
## @(#) $Id: indices,v 29.2 2000/06/07 14:02:33 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: indices,v 29.3 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/indices,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1999/11/16 08:02:03

16
help/interrupt
View File

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ ABORT opcodes
the calculation is never completed and to stop it, an interruption
(on many systems, by ctrl-C) will be necessary.
> config("trace", 8),
> define f(x) {local s; while (x) {s += x--} return s}
; config("trace", 8),
; define f(x) {local s; while (x) {s += x--} return s}
0: DEBUG line 2
2: PARAMADDR x
4: JUMPZ 19
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ ABORT opcodes
{s += x--} loop. In interactive mode, with ^C indicating
input of ctrl-C, the displayed output is as in:
> f(-1)
; f(-1)
^C
[Abort level 1]
"f": line 2: Calculation aborted at statement boundary
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ ABORT opcodes
Changing config("trace") to achieve this, and defining g(x) with
the same definition as for f(x) gives:
> define g(x) {local s; while (x) {s += x--} return s}
; define g(x) {local s; while (x) {s += x--} return s}
0: PARAMADDR x
2: JUMPZ 15
4: LOCALADDR s
@@ -94,13 +94,15 @@ ABORT opcodes
If g(-1) is called, two interrupts are necessary, as in:
> g(-1)
; g(-1)
^C
[Abort level 1]
^C
[Abort level 2]
"g": Calculation aborted in opcode
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 David I. Bell, Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
## as published by the Free Software Foundation.
@@ -115,8 +117,8 @@ ABORT opcodes
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: interrupt,v 29.4 2000/07/17 15:38:52 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: interrupt,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/interrupt,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:21

20
help/isptr
View File

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
strings and real numbers.
EXAMPLE
> a = "abc", b = 3, B = blk()
> p1 = &B[1]
> p2 = &a
> p3 = &*a
> p4 = &*b
> print isptr(a), isptr(p1), isptr(p2), isptr(p3), isptr(p4)
0 1 2 3 4
; a = "abc", b = 3, B = blk()
; p1 = &B[1]
; p2 = &a
; p3 = &*a
; p4 = &*b
; print isptr(a), isptr(p1), isptr(p2), isptr(p3), isptr(p4)
0 1 2 3 4
LIMITS
none
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
isnum, isstr, isblk, isoctet
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.2 $
## @(#) $Id: isptr,v 29.2 2000/06/07 14:02:33 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: isptr,v 29.3 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/isptr,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1997/09/06 20:03:35

13
help/issq
View File

@@ -16,6 +16,15 @@ DESCRIPTION
return 1, otherwise return 0.
Note that issq() works on rational values, so:
issq(25/16) == 1
If you want to test for prefect square integers, you need to exclude
non-integer values before you test:
isint(curds) && issq(curds)
EXAMPLE
; print issq(25), issq(3), issq(0)
1 0 1
@@ -52,8 +61,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: issq,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: issq,v 29.4 2006/06/04 21:12:23 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/issq,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1994/10/21 02:21:31

151
help/mat
View File

@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
simple assignments, as in A[0,0] = 1, A[0,2] = 2;
If the index-range is left blank but an initializer list is specified
as in
as in:
mat A[] = {1, 2 }
B = mat[] = {1, , 3, }
; mat A[] = {1, 2 }
; B = mat[] = {1, , 3, }
the matrix created is one-dimensional. If the list contains a
positive number n of values or blanks, the result is as if the
@@ -92,11 +92,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
B[2] = 3. The specification mat[] = { } creates the same as mat[1].
If the index-range is left blank and no initializer list is specified,
as in mat C[] or C = mat[], the matrix assigned to C has zero
dimension; this has one element C[]. To assign a value using "= { ...}"
at the same time as creating C, parentheses are required as in
(mat[]) = {value} or (mat C[]) = {value}. Later a value may be
assigned to C[] by C[] = value or C = {value}.
as in mat C[] or C = mat[], the matrix assigned to C has zero
dimension; this has one element C[].
To assign a value using "= { ...}" at the same time as creating C,
parentheses are required as in (mat[]) = {value} or (mat C[]) =
{value}. Later a value may be assigned to C[] by C[] = value or
C = {value}.
The value assigned at any time to any element of a matrix can be of
any type - number, string, list, matrix, object of previously specified
@@ -106,10 +108,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
If an element of a matrix is a structure for which indices or an
object element specifier is required, an element of that structure is
referred to by appropriate uses of [ ] or ., and so on if an element
of that element is required. For example, one may have an expressions
like
of that element is required.
A[1,2][3].alpha[2];
For example, one may have an expressions like:
; A[1,2][3].alpha[2];
if A[1,2][3].alpha is a list with at least three elements, A[1,2][3] is
an object of a type like obj {alpha, beta}, A[1,2] is a matrix of
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
So that when one defines a 2D matrix such as:
mat X[2,3] = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
; mat X[2,3] = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
then printing X results in:
@@ -174,20 +177,20 @@ DESCRIPTION
The default printing may be restored by
undefine mat_print;
; undefine mat_print;
The keyword "mat" followed by two or more index-range-lists returns a
matrix with indices specified by the first list, whose elements are
matrices as determined by the later index-range-lists. For
example mat[2][3] is a 2-element matrix, each of whose elements has
as its value a 3-element matrix. Values may be assigned to the
elements of the innermost matrices by nested = {...} operations as in
elements of the innermost matrices by nested = {...} operations as in
mat [2][3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}
; mat [2][3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}
An example of the use of mat with a declarator is
global mat A B [2,3], C [4]
; global mat A B [2,3], C [4]
This creates, if they do not already exist, three global variables with
names A, B, C, and assigns to A and B the value mat[2,3] and to C mat[4].
@@ -284,21 +287,21 @@ DESCRIPTION
when it is a divisor), int an integer, rnd a rounding-type
specifier integer, real a real number.
num * A
A * num
A / num
- A
conj(A)
A << int, A >> int
scale(A, int)
round(A, int, rnd)
bround(A, int, rnd)
appr(A, real, rnd)
int(A)
frac(A)
A // real
A % real
A ^ int
num * A
A * num
A / num
- A
conj(A)
A << int, A >> int
scale(A, int)
round(A, int, rnd)
bround(A, int, rnd)
appr(A, real, rnd)
int(A)
frac(A)
A // real
A % real
A ^ int
If A and B are one-dimensional of the same size dp(A, B) returns
their dot-product, i.e. the sum of the products of corresponding
@@ -344,56 +347,56 @@ DESCRIPTION
in effect they are treated as linear arrays.
EXAMPLE
> obj point {x,y}
> mat A[5] = {1, 2+3i, "ab", mat[2] = {4,5}, obj point = {6,7}}
> A
mat [5] (5 elements, 5 nonzero):
[0] = 1
[1] = 2+3i
[2] = "ab"
[3] = mat [2] (2 elements, 2 nonzero)
[4] = obj point {6, 7}
; obj point {x,y}
; mat A[5] = {1, 2+3i, "ab", mat[2] = {4,5}, obj point = {6,7}}
; A
mat [5] (5 elements, 5 nonzero):
[0] = 1
[1] = 2+3i
[2] = "ab"
[3] = mat [2] (2 elements, 2 nonzero)
[4] = obj point {6, 7}
> print A[0], A[1], A[2], A[3][0], A[4].x
1 2+3i ab 4 6
; print A[0], A[1], A[2], A[3][0], A[4].x
1 2+3i ab 4 6
> define point_add(a,b) = obj point = {a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y}
point_add(a,b) defined
; define point_add(a,b) = obj point = {a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y}
point_add(a,b) defined
> mat [B] = {8, , "cd", mat[2] = {9,10}, obj point = {11,12}}
> A + B
; mat [B] = {8, , "cd", mat[2] = {9,10}, obj point = {11,12}}
; A + B
mat [5] (5 elements, 5 nonzero):
[0] = 9
[1] = 2+3i
[2] = "abcd"
[3] = mat [2] (2 elements, 2 nonzero)
[4] = obj point {17, 19}
mat [5] (5 elements, 5 nonzero):
[0] = 9
[1] = 2+3i
[2] = "abcd"
[3] = mat [2] (2 elements, 2 nonzero)
[4] = obj point {17, 19}
> mat C[2,2] = {1,2,3,4}
> C^10
; mat C[2,2] = {1,2,3,4}
; C^10
mat [2,2] (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[0,0] = 4783807
[0,1] = 6972050
[1,0] = 10458075
[1,1] = 15241882
mat [2,2] (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[0,0] = 4783807
[0,1] = 6972050
[1,0] = 10458075
[1,1] = 15241882
> C^-10
; C^-10
mat [2,2] (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[0,0] = 14884.650390625
[0,1] = -6808.642578125
[1,0] = -10212.9638671875
[1,1] = 4671.6865234375
mat [2,2] (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[0,0] = 14884.650390625
[0,1] = -6808.642578125
[1,0] = -10212.9638671875
[1,1] = 4671.6865234375
> mat A[4] = {1,2,3,4}, A * reverse(A);
; mat A[4] = {1,2,3,4}, A * reverse(A);
mat [4] (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[0] = 4
[1] = 6
[2] = 6
[3] = 4
mat [4] (4 elements, 4 nonzero):
[0] = 4
[1] = 6
[2] = 6
[3] = 4
LIMITS
The theoretical upper bound for the absolute values of indices is
@@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ SEE ALSO
isident, test, config, search, rsearch, reverse, copy, blkcpy, dp, cp,
randperm, sort
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -427,8 +430,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: mat,v 29.4 2005/10/18 10:08:45 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.6 $
## @(#) $Id: mat,v 29.6 2006/06/11 07:25:14 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/mat,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:22

16
help/newerror
View File

@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ EXAMPLE
"triangle side length <= 0"
; define area(a,b,c) {
>> local s;
>> if (!(a > 0) || !(b > 0) || !(c > 0)) return e1;
>> s = (a + b + c)/2;
>> if (s <= a || s <= b || s <= c) return newerror("Non-triangle sides");
>> return sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));
>> }
;; local s;
;; if (!(a > 0) || !(b > 0) || !(c > 0)) return e1;
;; s = (a + b + c)/2;
;; if (s <= a || s <= b || s <= c) return newerror("Non-triangle sides");
;; return sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));
;; }
"area" defined
; A = area(8,2,5);
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: newerror,v 29.4 2006/05/21 07:31:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: newerror,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/newerror,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/04/30 03:39:56

16
help/param
View File

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
; define f() {
>> local n, v = 0;
>> for (n = 1; n <= param(0); n++)
>> v += param(n)^2;
>> return v;
>> }
;; local n, v = 0;
;; for (n = 1; n <= param(0); n++)
;; v += param(n)^2;
;; return v;
;; }
; print f(), f(1), f(1,2), f(1,2,3)
0 1 5 14
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
argv, command
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: param,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: param,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/param,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/03/12 23:10:01

7
help/prompt
View File

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ EXAMPLE
? 2 + 3
25
? end
>
LIMITS
none
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
XXX - fill in
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: prompt,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: prompt,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/prompt,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1995/12/18 12:34:58

178
help/protect
View File

@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ DESCRIPTION
Each nonzero bit of the low eight bits of sts corresponds to a
builtin kind of protection as follows:
bit value protection
bit value protection
1 no assign to A
2 no change of A by assignment
4 no change of type value of A
8 no error value for A
16 no copy to A
32 no relocation for A or its elements
64 no assign from A
128 no copy from A
1 no assign to A
2 no change of A by assignment
4 no change of type value of A
8 no error value for A
16 no copy to A
32 no relocation for A or its elements
64 no assign from A
128 no copy from A
For example, A having protection status 65 = 1 + 64 prevents
execution of assignments of the forms A = expression and V = A
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
For the purposes of this function, the depth of a global or local
variable is zero; if A has depth d and the value of A is a list,
matrix, object or association, its elements have depth d + 1.
For example, after
For example, after:
obj point {x,y}
X = mat[3] = {1, list(2,3), mat[2] = {obj point, obj point} }
; obj point {x,y}
; X = mat[3] = {1, list(2,3), mat[2] = {obj point, obj point} }
X has depth 0; X[0], X[1] and X[2] have depth 1; X[1][0], X[1][1],
X[2][0] and X[2][1] have depth 2; X[2][0].x, X[2][0].y, X[2][1].x
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ DESCRIPTION
Users may define functions that return values with positive status, e.g.
define noassigntovalue(x) {protect(x,1); return x};
S = noassigntovalue(42);
; define noassigntovalue(x) {protect(x,1); return x};
; S = noassigntovalue(42);
will result in S having the value 42 and no-assign-to protection.
By using a backquote with a variable as argument, an even simpler
function:
define noassignto(x) = protect(x, 1);
; define noassignto(x) = protect(x, 1);
gives no-assign-to protection to the variable; i.e. noassignto(`A)
achieves the same as protect(A,1).
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
prevent any change in the content or size of the list.
No-relocation protection of a block prevents reallocation of the
memory used by a block and the freeing of a named block, For example,
if a block B has maxsize 256, then after
if a block B has maxsize 256, then after:
protect(B, 32);
; protect(B, 32);
copy(A, B) will fail if the copying would cause size(B) to equal or
exceed 256; if B is a named block, blkfree(B) will not be permitted.
@@ -175,9 +175,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
to have positive value. Then code for evaluating a function might
include lines like
if (protect(A) & 1024 && B <= 0)
return newerror("Prohibited assignment");
A = B;
; if (protect(A) & 1024 && B <= 0) {
;; return newerror("Prohibited assignment");
;; }
; A = B;
When an operation forbidden by a particular bit in the protection
status of A is attempted, an error value is created but unless this
@@ -200,75 +201,76 @@ DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
> A = 27
> protect(A,1)
> A = 45
> A
27
> strerror()
"No-assign-to destination for assign"
> protect(A,64)
> protect(A)
65
> X = A
> X
0
> strerror()
"No-assign-from source for assign"
> protect(A,-1)
> protect(A)
64
> protect(A,4)
> protect(A)
68
> A = "abc"
> A
27
> strerror()
"No-type-change destination for assign"
> B = 45
> swap(A,B)
Error 10372
> strerror()
"No-assign-to-or-from argument for swap"
> protect(A,-64)
> protect(A)
4
> swap(A,B)
> A
45
> B
27
; A = 27
; protect(A,1)
; A = 45
; A
27
; strerror()
"No-assign-to destination for assign"
; protect(A,64)
; protect(A)
65
; X = A
; X
0
; strerror()
"No-assign-from source for assign"
; protect(A,-1)
; protect(A)
64
; protect(A,4)
; protect(A)
68
; A = "abc"
; A
27
; strerror()
"No-type-change destination for assign"
; B = 45
; swap(A,B)
Error 10372
; strerror()
"No-assign-to-or-from argument for swap"
; protect(A,-64)
; protect(A)
4
; swap(A,B)
; A
45
; B
27
> A = mat[4] = {1,2,3,4}
> B = list(5,6,7,8)
> protect(A,16)
> copy(B,A)
Error 10226
> strerror()
"No-copy-to destination variable"
; A = mat[4] = {1,2,3,4}
; B = list(5,6,7,8)
; protect(A,16)
; copy(B,A)
Error 10226
; strerror()
"No-copy-to destination variable"
> A = list(1,2,3)
> protect(A,32)
< append(A,4)
Error 10402
> strerror()
"No-relocate for list append"
; A = list(1,2,3)
; protect(A,32)
; append(A,4)
Error 10402
; strerror()
"No-relocate for list append"
> A = blk(0,5)
> copy("abc", A)
> copy("de",A)
Error 10229
> strerror()
"No-relocate destination variable"
; A = blk(0,5)
; copy("abc", A)
; copy("de",A)
Error 10229
; strerror()
"No-relocate destination variable"
; A = blk("alpha") = {1,2,3,4,5}
; protect(A,0)
; protect(*A, 16)
; copy("abc", A)
Error 10228
; strerror()
"No-copy-to destination named block"
> A = blk("alpha") = {1,2,3,4,5}
> protect(A,0)
< protect(*A, 16)
< copy("abc", A)
Error 10228
> strerror()
"No-copy-to destination named block"
LIMITS
none
@@ -278,7 +280,7 @@ LINK LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
assign, copy, blk, error, errno, strerror
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -294,8 +296,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: protect,v 29.4 2006/05/19 15:12:57 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.5 $
## @(#) $Id: protect,v 29.5 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/protect,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1997/07/10 22:38:44

8
help/runtime
View File

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ LINK LIBRARY
none
SEE ALSO
ctime
ctime, time
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: runtime,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: runtime,v 29.4 2006/06/04 18:24:33 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/runtime,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/03/12 23:10:01

17
help/sleep
View File

@@ -18,19 +18,18 @@ DESCRIPTION
One kind of use is to slow down output to permit easier reading of
results, as in:
> for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
print sqrt(i);
sleep(1/2);
}
; for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
;; print sqrt(i);
;; sleep(1/2);
;; }
The following illustrates what happens if ctrl-C is hit 5 seconds
after the first command:
> print sleep(20)
; print sleep(20)
[Abort level 1]
15
>
EXAMPLE
; sleep(1/3);
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ LIBRARY
SEE ALSO
none
## Copyright (C) 2000 Ernest Bowen
## Copyright (C) 2000-2006 Ernest Bowen
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -58,8 +57,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: sleep,v 29.3 2006/05/07 07:25:46 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.4 $
## @(#) $Id: sleep,v 29.4 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/sleep,v $
##
## Under source code control: 2000/12/14 01:33:00

20
help/test
View File

@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ DESCRIPTION
Error-value or other types: never
EXAMPLE
> print test(27), test(0), test("abc"), test("")
1 0 1 0
; print test(27), test(0), test("abc"), test("")
1 0 1 0
> print test(mat[3] = {1,,2}), test(mat[2][2])
1 0
; print test(mat[3] = {1,,2}), test(mat[2][2])
1 0
> A = list(0, 2, 0)
> print test(A), test(pop(A)), test(A), test(pop(A)), test(A)
1 0 1 1 0
; A = list(0, 2, 0)
; print test(A), test(pop(A)), test(A), test(pop(A)), test(A)
1 0 1 1 0
LIMITS
none
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ SEE ALSO
isassoc, isfile, isident, isnum, isint, islist, ismat, isnull, isobj,
isreal, isstr, issimple, istype
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ SEE ALSO
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.2 $
## @(#) $Id: test,v 29.2 2000/06/07 14:02:33 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: test,v 29.3 2006/06/10 12:28:10 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/test,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1996/07/11 01:05:13

95
help/variable
View File

@@ -64,24 +64,83 @@ Variable declarations
static mat table[3] = {5, 6, 7};
local obj point p1, p2;
There are no pointers in the calculator language, thus all
arguments to user-defined functions are normally passed by value.
This is true even for matrices, strings, and lists. In order
to circumvent this, the '&' operator is allowed before a variable
when it is an argument to a function. When this is done, the
address of the variable is passed to the function instead of its
value. This is true no matter what the type of the variable is.
This allows for fast calls of functions when the passed variable
is huge (such as a large array). However, the passed variable can
then be changed by the function if the parameter is assigned into.
The function being called does not need to know if the variable
is being passed by value or by address.
When working with user-defined functions, the syntax for passing an
lvalue by reference rather than by value is to precede an expression
for the lvalue by a backquote. For example, if the function invert is
defined by:
Built-in functions and object functions always accept their
arguments as addresses, thus there is no need to use '&' when
calling built-in functions.
define invert(x) {x = inverse(x)}
## Copyright (C) 1999 Landon Curt Noll
then invert(`A) achieves the effect of A = inverse(A). In other
words, passing and argument of `variable (with a back-quote)
will cause and changes to the function argument to be applied to
the calling variable. Calling invert(A) (without the ` backquote)
assigns inverse(A) to the temporary function parameter x and leaves
A unchanged.
In an argument, a backquote before other than an lvalue is ignored.
Consider, for example:
; define logplus(x,y,z) {return log(++x + ++y + ++z);}
; eh = 55;
; mi = 25;
; answer = logplus(eh, `mi, `17);
; print eh, mi, answer;
55 26 2
The value of eh is was not changed because eh was used as
an argument without a back-quote (`). However, mi was incremented
because it was passed as `mi (with a back-quote). Passing 17
(not an lvalue) as `17 has not effect on the value 17.
The back-quote should only be used before arguments to a function.
In all other contexts, a backquote causes a compile error.
Another method is to pass the address of the lvalue explicitly and
use the indirection operator * (star) to refer to the lvalue in the
function body. Consider the following function:
; define ten(a) { *a = 10; }
; n = 17;
; ten(n);
; print n;
17
; ten(`n);
; print n;
17
; ten(&n);
; print n;
10
Passing an argument with a & (ampersand) allows the tenmore()
function to modify the calling variable:
; wa = tenmore(&vx);
; print vx, wa;
65 65
Great care should be taken when using a pointer to a local variable
or element of a matrix, list or object, since the lvalue pointed to
is deleted when evaluation of the function is completed or the lvalue
whose value is the matrix, list or object is assigned another value.
As both of the above methods (using & arguments (ampersand) *value
(star) function values or by using ` arguments (back quote) alone)
copy the address rather than the value of the argument to the function
parameter, they allow for faster calls of functions when the memory
required for the value is huge (such as for a large matrix).
As the built-in functions and object functions always accept their
arguments as addresses, there is no gain in using the backquote when
calling these functions.
## Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Landon Curt Noll
##
## Calc is open software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License
@@ -97,8 +156,8 @@ Variable declarations
## received a copy with calc; if not, write to Free Software Foundation, Inc.
## 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
##
## @(#) $Revision: 29.2 $
## @(#) $Id: variable,v 29.2 2000/06/07 14:02:33 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Revision: 29.3 $
## @(#) $Id: variable,v 29.3 2006/06/11 07:50:48 chongo Exp $
## @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/calc/help/RCS/variable,v $
##
## Under source code control: 1991/07/21 04:37:25