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Release calc version 2.11.0t7.2

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Landon Curt Noll
1999-10-15 11:48:41 -07:00
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@@ -1,190 +1,356 @@
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1994 David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
.\" Copyright (c) 1993 David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
.\" Original man page dated 15nov93
.\" Copyright (c) 1999 David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
.\" Permission is granted to use, distribute, or modify this source,
.\" provided that this copyright notice remains intact.
.\"
.\" calculator by David I. Bell
.\" man page by Landon Noll
.TH calc 1 "^..^" "15nov93"
.TH calc 1 "^..^" "15Oct1999"
.SH NAME
calc \- arbitrary precision calculator
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fIcalc\fP
[\fI\-h\fP]
[\fI\-m mode\fP]
[\fI\-p\fP]
[\fI\-q\fP]
[\fI\-u\fP]
[\fI\-v\fP]
[\fIcalc_cmd \&.\|.\|.\fp]
.RB [ \-c ]
.RB [ \-C ]
.RB [ \-d ]
.RB [ \-e ]
.RB [ \-h ]
.RB [ \-i ]
.RB [ \-m\ \&mode ]
.br
.in +5n
.RB [ \-n ]
.RB [ \-p ]
.RB [ \-q ]
.RB [ \-u ]
.RB [ \-v ]
.RB [ calc_cmd\ \&.\|.\|. ]
.in -5n
.SH DESCRIPTION
\&
.br
CALC COMMAND LINE
.PP
.TP
\fI\-h\fP
Print a help message.
This option implies \fI \-q\fP.
This is equivalent to the calc command \fIhelp help\fP.
The help facility is disabled unless the \fImode\fP is 5 or 7.
See \fI\-m\fP below.
.sp
.TP
\fI\-m mode\fP
This flag sets the permission mode of calc.
It controls the ability for \fIcalc\fP to open files
and execute programs.
\fIMode\fP may be a number from 0 to 7.
.sp
The \fImode\fP value is interpreted in a way similar
to that of the \fRchmod(1)\fP octal mode:
.sp
.in +0.5i
.B \-c
Continue reading command lines even after an execution
error has caused the abandonment of a line.
.sp 1
For example:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
0 do not open any file, do not execute progs
1 do not open any file
2 do not open files for reading, do not execute progs
3 do not open files for reading
4 do not open files for writing, do not execute progs
5 do not open files for writing
6 do not execute any program
7 allow everything (default mode)
calc read many_errors.cal
.fi
.in -0.5i
.sp
If one wished to run calc from a privledged user, one might
want to use \fI\-m 0\fP in an effort to make calc more secure.
.sp
\fIMode\fP bits for reading and writing apply only on an open.
.in -5n
.sp 1
will cause
.B calc
to abort on the first error, whereas:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
calc -c read many_errors.cal
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
will
cause
.B calc
to try to process each line being read
despite the errors that it encounters.
.TP
.B \-C
Permit the execution of custom builtin functions. Without
this flag, calling the custom() builtin function will
simply generate an error.
.sp 1
Use if this flag may cause
.B calc
to execute functions that
are non-standard and that are not portable. Custom builtin
functions are disabled by default for this reason.
.TP
.B \-d
Disable the printing of the opening title. The printing
of library debug and informational messages is also disabled
as if \fBconfig("lib_debug", 0)\fP had been executed.
.sp 1
For example:
.sp 1
.in +5n
calc 'read qtime; qtime(2)'
.in -5n
.sp 1
will output something like:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
qtime(utc_hr_offset) defined
It's nearly ten past six.
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
whereas:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
calc -d 'read qtime; qtime(2)'
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
will just say:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
It's nearly ten past six.
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
.TP
.B \-e
Ignore any environment variables on startup.
The getenv() builtin will still return values, however.
.TP
.B \-h
Print a help message. This option implies
.BR \-q .
This
is equivalent to the
.B calc
command help help.
The help facility is disabled unless the mode is 5 or 7.
See
.BR \-m .
.TP
.B \-i
Become interactive if possible.
Be default, if
.I calc_cmd
args are given,
.B calc
will execute them and exit.
This flag args are given,
.B calc
will execute them and exit.
This flag will cause
.B calc
to drop into interactive mode after the
commands are executed.
.sp 1
For example:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
calc 2+5
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
will print the value 7 and exit whereas:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
calc -i 2+5
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
will print the value 7 and prompt the user for more
.B calc
commands.
.TP
.BR \-m " mode"
This flag sets the permission mode of
.BR calc .
It controls the ability for
.B calc
to open files and execute programs.
Mode may be a number from 0 to 7.
.sp 1
The mode value is interpreted in a way similar to that
of the
.BR chmod (1)
octal mode:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
0 do not open any file, do not execute progs
1 do not open any file
2 do not open files for reading, do not execute progs
3 do not open files for reading
4 do not open files for writing, do not execute progs
5 do not open files for writing
6 do not execute any program
7 allow everything (default mode)
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
If one wished to run
.B calc
from a privileged user, one might want to use
.B \-m
0 in an effort to make
.B calc
somewhat more secure.
.sp 1
Mode bits for reading and writing apply only on an
open.
Files already open are not effected.
Thus if one wanted to use the \fI\-m 0\fP in an effort to make
\fIcalc\fP more secure, but still wanted to read and write a specific
file, one might want to do:
.sp
.in +0.5i
Thus if one wanted to use the
.B \-m
0 in an effort to make
.B calc
somewhat more secure, but still wanted to read and write a specific
file, one might want to do in
.BR sh (1),
.BR ksh (1),
.BR bash (1)-like
shells:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
\fRcalc \-m 0 3<a.file\fP
calc -m 0 3<a.file
.fi
.in -0.5i
.sp
Files presented to \fIcalc\fP in this way are opened in an unknown mode.
\fICalc\fP will attempt to read or write them if directed.
.sp
If the \fImode\fP disables opening of files for reading, then
the startup library scripts are disabled as of \fI\-q\fP was given.
The reading of key bindings is also disabled when the \fImode\fP
disables opening of files for reading.
.in -5n
.sp 1
Files presented to
.B calc
in this way are opened in an
unknown mode.
.B Calc
will attempt to read or write them if directed.
.sp 1
If the mode disables opening of files for reading, then
the startup library scripts are disabled as of
.B \-q
was given.
The reading of key bindings is also disabled
when the mode disables opening of files for reading.
.TP
\fI \-p\fP
Pipe processing is enabled by use of \-p. For example:
.sp
.in +0.5i
.B \-n
Use the new configuration defaults instead of the old
default classic defaults.
This flag as the same effect
as executing \fBconfig("all", "newcfg")\fP at startup time.
.TP
.B \-p
Pipe processing is enabled by use of
.BR \-p .
For example:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
\fRecho "print 2^21701\-1, 2^23209\-1" | calc \-p | fizzbin\fP
calc -p '2^21701-1' | fizzbin
.fi
.in -0.5i
.sp
In pipe mode, \fIcalc\fP does not prompt, does not print leading tabs
and does not print the initial header.
.in -5n
.sp 1
In pipe mode,
.B calc
does not prompt, does not print leading
tabs and does not print the initial header.
The
.B \-p
flag overrides
.BR \-i .
.TP
\fI \-q\fP
Disable the use of the \fI$CALCRC\fP startup scripts.
.B \-q
Disable the use of the $CALCRC startup scripts.
.TP
\fI \-u\fP
.B \-u
Disable buffering of stdin and stdout.
.TP
\fI \-v\fP
Print the version and exit.
.B \-v
Print the
.B calc
version number and exit.
.PP
Without \fIcalc_cmd\fPs, \fIcalc\fP operates interactively.
If one or more \fIcalc_cmd\fPs are given on the command line,
\fIcalc\fP will execute them and exit.
The printing of leading tabs on output is disabled
as if \fIconfig("tab",0)\fP had been executed.
Without
.IR calc_cmd ,
.B calc
operates interactively.
If one or more
.I calc_cmd
are given on the command line,
.B calc
will execute them and exit.
If
.B \-i
is given,
.B calc
will attempt to become interactive
even of one or more
.I calc_cmd
are given on the command line.
.PP
Normally on startup, \fIcalc\fP attempts to execute a collection
of library scripts.
The environment variable \fI$CALCRC\fP (if non-existent then
a compiled in value) contains a \fI:\fP separated list of
startup library scripts.
No error conditions are produced if these startup library scripts
are not found.
Normally on startup,
.B calc
attempts to execute a collection of
library scripts.
The environment variable $CALCRC (if non-existent
then a compiled in value) contains a : separated list of startup
library scripts.
No error conditions are produced if these startup
library scripts are not found.
.PP
If the \fImode\fP disables opening of files for reading, then
the startup library scripts are disabled as of \fI\-q\fP was given
and \fI$CALCRC\fP as well as the default compiled in value are ignored.
If the mode disables opening of files for reading, then the startup
library scripts are disabled as of
.B \-q
was given and $CALCRC as well
as the default compiled in value are ignored.
.PP
Filenames are subject to ``~'' expansion (see below).
The environment variable \fI$CALCPATH\fP (if non-existent then
a compiled in value) contains a \fI:\fP separated list of search
directories.
If a file does not begin with \fI/\fP, \fI~\fP or \fI./\fP,
then it is searched for under each directory listed in the \fI$CALCPATH\fP.
It is an error if no such readable file is found.
The
environment variable $CALCPATH (if non-existent then a compiled in
value) contains a : separated list of search directories.
If a
file does not begin with /, ~ or ./, then it is searched for under
each directory listed in the $CALCPATH.
It is an error if no such
readable file is found.
.PP
Calc treats all open files, other than stdin, stdout and stderr
as files available for reading and writing.
One may present calc with an already open file in the following way:
.sp
.in +0.5i
.B Calc
treats all open files, other than stdin, stdout and
stderr as files available for reading and writing.
One may
present
.B calc
with an already open file using
.BR sh (1),
.BR ksh (1),
.BR bash (1)-like
shells is to:
.sp 1
.in +5n
calc 3<open_file 4<open_file2
.in -5n
.sp 1
For more information use the following
.B calc
commands:
.sp 1
.in +5n
.nf
\fRcalc 3<open_file 4<open_file2\fP
.fi
.in -0.5i
.PP
For more information use the following calc commands:
.PP
.in 1.0i
help usage
.br
help help
.br
help overview
help usage
help environment
.in -1.0i
.PP
OVERVIEW
.PP
\fICalc\fP is arbitrary precision arithmetic system that uses
a C-like language.
\fICalc\fP is useful as a calculator, an algorithm prototyped
and as a mathematical research tool.
More importantly, \fIcalc\fP provides one with a machine
independent means of computation.
.PP
\fICalc\fP comes with a rich set of builtin mathematical
and programmatic functions.
.PP
\fICalc\fP is distributed with library of scripts.
Written in the same C-like language, library scripts may be
read in and executed during a \fIcalc\fP session.
These library scripts are also provided because they are
useful and to serve as examples of the \fIcalc\fP language.
One may further extend \fIcalc\fP thru the
use of user defined scripts.
.PP
Internally calc represents numeric values as fractions reduced to their
lowest terms.
The numerators and denominators of these factions may grow to
arbitrarily large values.
Numeric values read in are automatically converted into rationals.
The user need not be aware of this internal representation.
.PP
For more information use the following calc commands:
.PP
.in 1.0i
help intro
.br
help builtin
.br
help stdlib
.br
help define
.br
show builtins
.br
show functions
.in -1.0i
help config
.fi
.in -5n
.sp 1
.PP
DATA TYPES
.PP
@@ -199,7 +365,9 @@ multiplication, division, negation, squaring, modulus,
rounding, exponentiation, equality, comparison, printing
and so on.
.PP
For more information use the following calc commands:
For more information use the following
.B calc
commands:
.PP
.in 1.0i
help types
@@ -220,7 +388,9 @@ procedure.
Values may be grouped together in a matrix, or into a
a list that permits stack and queue style operations.
.PP
For more information use the following calc commands:
For more information use the following
.B calc
commands:
.PP
.in 1.0i
help variable
@@ -256,7 +426,9 @@ For example:
~chongo/lib/fft_multiply.cal
.in -1.0i
.PP
For more information use the following calc command:
For more information use the following
.B calc
command:
.PP
.in 1.0i
help file
@@ -275,7 +447,9 @@ These include commands such as function definition, help,
reading in library scripts, dump files to a file, error notification,
configuration control and status.
.PP
For more information use the following calc command:
For more information use the following
.B calc
command:
.PP
.in 1.0i
help command
@@ -295,7 +469,8 @@ help config
.PD 0
.TP 20
${LIBDIR}/*.cal
library scripts shipped with calc
library scripts shipped with
.B calc
.br
.sp
.TP 20
@@ -323,7 +498,9 @@ Default value: ${CALCPATH}
.TP 5
CALCRC
On startup (unless \-h or \-q was given on the command
line), calc searches for files along this :-separated
line),
.B calc
searches for files along this :-separated
environment variable.
.br
.sp
@@ -333,7 +510,9 @@ Default value: ${CALCRC}
.TP 5
CALCBINDINGS
On startup (unless \fI\-h\fP or \fI\-q\fP was given on the command
line, or \fI\-m\fP disallows opening files for reading), calc reads
line, or \fI\-m\fP disallows opening files for reading),
.B calc
reads
key bindings from the filename specified
by this environment variable.
.br
@@ -343,9 +522,12 @@ Default value: ${CALCBINDINGS}
.SH CREDIT
\&
.br
The majority of calc was written by David I. Bell.
The majority of
.B calc
was written by David I. Bell.
.sp
Calc archives and calc-tester mailing list maintained by Landon Curt Noll.
.B Calc
archives and calc-tester mailing list maintained by Landon Curt Noll.
.sp
Thanks for suggestions and encouragement from Peter Miller,
Neil Justusson, and Landon Noll.
@@ -378,30 +560,27 @@ Copyright (c) 19xx Ernest Bowen and Landon Curt Noll
Permission is granted to use, distribute, or modify this source,
provided that this copyright notice remains intact.
.sp
Send calc comments, suggestions, bug fixes, enhancements
and interesting calc scripts that you would like you see included
Send comments, suggestions, bug fixes, enhancements
and interesting
.B calc
scripts that you would like you see included
in future distributions to:
.sp
.in +0.5i
dbell@auug.org.au
.br
chongo@toad.com
calc-tester-request@postofc.corp.sgi.com
.in -0.5i
.sp
Landon Noll maintains the official calc ftp archive at:
Landon Noll maintains the the
.B calc
web site is located at:
.sp
.in +0.5i
ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/calc
http://reality.sgi.com/chongo/calc
.in -0.5i
.sp
Alpha test versions, complete with bugs, untested code and
experimental features may be fetched (if you are brave) under:
.sp
.in +0.5i
http://reality.sgi.com/chongo/calc/
.in -0.5i
.sp
One may join the calc testing group by sending a request to:
One may join the
.B calc
testing group by sending a request to:
.sp
.in +0.5i
calc-tester-request@postofc.corp.sgi.com
@@ -410,14 +589,14 @@ calc-tester-request@postofc.corp.sgi.com
Your message body (not the subject) should consist of:
.sp
.in +0.5i
.nf
subscribe calc-tester address
.br
end
.br
name your_full_name
.fi
.in -0.5i
.sp
where "address" is your EMail address and "your_full_name"
is your full name.
.in -0.5i
.sp
Enjoy!
Share and Enjoy! :\-)