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Release calc version 2.11.0t8.8

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This commit is contained in:
Landon Curt Noll
1999-10-30 15:06:27 -07:00
parent 478d68fca9
commit 8927373965
11 changed files with 297 additions and 135 deletions
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265
help/command
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@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@ Command sequence
described in the next section.
NOTE: Calc commands are in lower case. UPPER case is used below
for emphasis only, and should be considered in lower case.
DEFINE function(params) { body }
DEFINE function(params) = expression
define a function
-----------------
define function(params) { body }
define function(params) = expression
This first form defines a full function which can consist
of declarations followed by many statements which implement
the function.
@@ -30,13 +28,22 @@ Command sequence
and question mark operators can be useful. Examples of
simple functions are:
define sumcubes(a, b) = a^3 + b^3;
define pimod(a) = a % pi();
define sumcubes(a, b) = a^3 + b^3
define pimod(a) = a % pi()
define printnum(a, n, p)
{
if (p == 0) {
print a: "^": n, "=", a^n;
} else {
print a: "^": n, "mod", p, "=", pmod(a,n,p);
}
}
HELP
This displays a general help message.
READ filename
read calc commands
------------------
read filename
read -once filename
This reads definitions from the specified filename.
The name can be quoted if desired. The calculator
uses the CALCPATH environment variable to search
@@ -52,14 +59,11 @@ Command sequence
evaluate or functions to define, just like at the top
level command level.
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for reading,
this command will be disabled.
When -once is given, the read command acts like the regular
read expect that it will ignore filename if is has been
previously read.
READ -once filename
This command acts like the regular READ expect that it
will ignore filename if is has been previously read.
This command is particularly useful in a library that
The read -once form is particularly useful in a library that
needs to read a 2nd library. By using the READ -once
command, one will not reread that 2nd library, nor will
once risk entering into a infinite READ loop (where
@@ -69,7 +73,10 @@ Command sequence
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for reading,
this command will be disabled.
WRITE filename
write calc commands
-------------------
write filename
This writes the values of all global variables to the
specified filename, in such a way that the file can be
later read in order to recreate the variable values.
@@ -81,23 +88,221 @@ Command sequence
If the -m mode disallows opening of files for writing,
this command will be disabled.
QUIT
This leaves the calculator, when given as a top-level
command.
ABORT
Forces an immediate quit regardless calc command line
flags and termina state.
quit or exit
------------
quit
quit string
exit
exit string
The action of these commands depends on where they are used.
At the interactive level, they will cause calc it edit.
This is the normal way to leave the calculator. In any
other use, they will stop the current calculation as if
an error had occurred.
CD
Change the current directory to the home directory, if $HOME
If a string is given, then the string is printed as the reason
for quitting, otherwise a general quit message is printed.
The routine name and line number which executed the quit is
also printed in either case.
Exit is an alias for quit.
Quit is useful when a routine detects invalid arguments,
in order to stop a calculation cleanly. For example,
for a square root routine, an error can be given if the
supplied parameter was a negative number, as in:
define mysqrt(n)
{
if (! isnum(n))
quit "non-numeric argument";
if (n < 0)
quit "Negative argument";
return sqrt(n);
}
See 'more information about abort and quit' below for
more information.
abort
-----
abort
abort string
This command behaves like QUIT except that it will attempt
to return to the interactive level if permitted, otherwise
calc exit.
See 'more information about abort and quit' below for
more information.
change current directory
------------------------
cd
cd dir
Change the current directory to 'dir'. If 'dir' is ommitted,
change the current directory to the home directory, if $HOME
is set in the environment.
CD dir
Change the current directory to dir.
show information
----------------
show item
This command displays some information where 'item' is
one of the following:
blocks unfreed named blocks
builtin built in functions
config config parameters and values
constants cache of numeric constants
custom custom functions if calc -C was used
errors new error-values created
files open files, file position and sizes
function user-defined functions
globaltypes global variables
objfunctions possible object functions
objtypes defined objects
opcodes func internal opcodes for function `func'
sizes size in octets of calc value types
realglobals numeric global variables
statics unscoped static variables
numbers calc number cache
redcdata REDC data defined
strings calc string cache
literals calc literal cache
Only the first 4 characters of item are examined, so:
show globals
show global
show glob
do the same thing.
calc help
---------
help
help name
This displays a help related to 'name' or general
help of none is given.
=-=
more information about abort and quit
=====================================
Consider the following calc file called myfile.cal:
print "start of myfile.cal";
define q() {quit "quit from q()"; print "end of q()"}
define a() {abort "abort from a()"}
x = 3;
{print "start #1"; if (x > 1) q()} print "after #1";
{print "start #2"; if (x > 1) a()} print "after #2";
{print "start #3"; if (x > 1) quit "quit from 3rd statement"}
print "end of myfile.cal";
The command:
calc read myfile
will produce:
q() defined
a() defined
start statment #1
quit from q()
after statment #1
start statment #2
abort from a()
The QUIT within the q() function prevented the ``end of q()''
statement from being evaluated. This QUIT command caused
control to be returned to just after the place where q()
was called.
Notice that unlike QUIT, the ABORT inside function a() halts
the processing of statements from the input source (myfile.cal).
Because calc was not interactive, ABORT causes calc to exit.
The command:
calc -i read myfile
will produce:
q() defined
a() defined
start statment #1
quit from q()
after statment #1
start statment #2
abort from a()
> <==== calc interactive prompt
because the '-i' calc causes ABORT to drop into an
interactive prompt. However typing a QUIT or ABORT
at the interactive prompt level will always calc to exit,
even when calc is invoked with '-i'.
Also observe that both of these commands:
cat myfile.cal | calc
cat myfile.cal | calc -i
will produce:
q() defined
a() defined
start statment #1
quit from q()
after statment #1
start statment #2
abort from a()
The ABORT inside function a() halts the processing of statements
from the input source (standard input). Because standard input
is not a terminal, using '-i' does not force it to drop into
an interactive prompt.
If one were to type in the contents of myfile.cal interactively,
calc will produce:
> print "start of myfile.cal";
start of myfile.cal
> define q() {quit "quit from q()"; print "end of q()"}
q() defined
> define a() {abort "abort from a()"}
a() defined
> x = 3;
> {print "start #1"; if (x > 1) q()} print "after #1";
start statment #1
quit from q()
after statment #1
> {print "start #2"; if (x > 1) a()} print "after #2";
start statment #2
abort from a()
> {print "start #3"; if (x > 1) quit "quit from 3rd statement"}
start #3
quit from 3rd statement
The ABORT from within the a() function returned control to
the interactive level.
The QUIT (after the if (x > 1) ...) will cause calc to exit
because it was given at the interactive prompt level.
=-=
Also see the help topic:
statement flow control and declaration statements
usage for -m modes
usage how to invoke the calc command and calc -options

120
help/statement
View File

@@ -10,28 +10,38 @@ Statements
expressions are optional and may be omitted (as in RETURN).
NOTE: Calc commands are in lower case. UPPER case is used below
for emphasis only, and should be considered in lower case.
IF (expr) statement
IF (expr) statement ELSE statement
FOR (optionalexpr ; optionalexpr ; optionalexpr) statement
WHILE (expr) statement
DO statement WHILE (expr)
CONTINUE
BREAK
GOTO label
C-like statements
-----------------
{ statement }
{ statement; ... statement }
if (expr) statement
if (expr) statement ELSE statement
for (optionalexpr ; optionalexpr ; optionalexpr) statement
while (expr) statement
do statement while (expr)
continue
break
goto label
These all work like in normal C.
RETURN optionalexpr
See 'help expression' for details on expressions.
See 'help builtin' for details on calc builtin functions.
return
------
return optionalexpr
return ( optionalexpr )
This returns a value from a function. Functions always
have a return value, even if this statement is not used.
If no return statement is executed, or if no expression
is specified in the return statement, then the return
value from the function is the null type.
SWITCH (expr) { caseclauses }
switch
------
switch (expr) { caseclauses }
Switch statements work similarly to C, except for the
following. A switch can be done on any type of value,
and the case statements can be of any type of values.
@@ -42,17 +52,12 @@ Statements
is the exception, and only matches once all other cases
have been tested.
{ statements }
This is a normal list of statements, each one ended by
a semicolon. Unlike the C language, no declarations are
permitted within an inner-level compound statement.
Declarations are only permitted at the beginning of a
function definition, or at the beginning of an expression
sequence.
MAT variable [dimension] [dimension] ...
MAT variable [dimension, dimension, ...]
MAT variable [] = { value, ... }
matrix
------
mat variable [dimension] [dimension] ...
mat variable [dimension, dimension, ...]
mat variable [] = { value, ... }
This creates a matrix variable with the specified dimensions.
Matrices can have from 1 to 4 dimensions. When specifying
multiple dimensions, you can use either the standard C syntax,
@@ -119,8 +124,11 @@ Statements
local mat temp[5];
static mat strtable[] = {"hi", "there", "folks");
OBJ type { elementnames } optionalvariables
OBJ type variable
object
------
obj type { elementnames } optionalvariables
obj type variable
These create a new object type, or create one or more
variables of the specified type. For this calculator,
an object is just a structure which is implicitly acted
@@ -183,36 +191,12 @@ Statements
static obj point temp2 = {4, 3};
global obj point p1, p2, p3;
EXIT string
QUIT string
This command is used in two cases. At the top command
line level, quit will exit from the calculator. This
is the normal way to leave the calculator. In any other
use, quit will abort the current calculation as if an
error had occurred. If a string is given, then the string
is printed as the reason for quitting, otherwise a general
quit message is printed. The routine name and line number
which executed the quit is also printed in either case.
Quit is useful when a routine detects invalid arguments,
in order to stop a calculation cleanly. For example,
for a square root routine, an error can be given if the
supplied parameter was a negative number, as in:
define mysqrt(n)
{
if (n < 0)
quit "Negative argument";
...
}
Exit is an alias for quit.
ABORT
Forces an immediate quit regardless calc command line
flags and termina state.
PRINT exprs
print expressions
-----------------
print expr
print expr, ... expr
print expr: ... expr
For interactive expression evaluation, the values of all
typed-in expressions are automatically displayed to the
user. However, within a function or loop, the printing of
@@ -231,8 +215,8 @@ Statements
expression unless the statement ends with a colon. As
examples:
print 3, 4; prints "3 4" and newline.
print 5:; prints "5" with no newline.
print 3, 4; prints "3 4" and newline.
print 5:; prints "5" with no newline.
print 'a' : 'b' , 'c'; prints "ab c" and newline.
print; prints a newline.
@@ -250,25 +234,9 @@ Statements
prints the name of the file that was opened.
SHOW item
This command displays some information.
builtin built in functions
global global variables
function user-defined functions
objfunc possible object functions
config config parameters and values
objtype defined objects
Only the first 4 characters of item are examined, so:
show globals
show global
show glob
do the same thing.
Also see the help topic:
command top level commands
expression calc expression syntax
builtin calc builtin functions
usage how to invoke the calc command and calc -options